Jose Luis Fernández

During the 17th century a new approach to reality originated in Europe: the Enlightenment, which elaborated its own theories about society, law and government, finally emerging in the late 18th and early 19th centuries into what is known today as the Bourgeois Liberal Revolution. This essay will assess the impact the Enlightenment had in 18th century Mexican intellectual circles, and how influential it was to the Mexican War of Independence, as well as to the incipient Mexican constitutionalism between the years 1810 and 1824.Resumen:Desde el siglo XVII comenzó a gestarse en Europa una nueva forma de pensar la realidad: la Ilustración, la cual formuló sus propias teorías sobre la sociedad, el derecho y el gobierno, mismas que van a cuajar a finales del XVIII y principios del XIX, en lo que conocemos como Revolución Liberal Burguesa. En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de dicha Ilustración en el México colonial en el medio intelectual del siglo XVIII y su influencia en la Guerra de Independencia y en el incipiente constitucionalismo de nuestro país entre 1810 y 1824.

El presente artículo trata de responder la decisiva cuestión qué es la vida personal desde la perspectiva de la rehumanización. Para ello se revisan las dos concepciones del ser humano opuestas que subyacen en la filosofía contemporánea desde sus comienzos: una visión antropológica trascendente de la vida emparentada con la filosofía de Sören Kierkegaard, y una visión antropológica inmanente de la vida emparentada con la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche. Este análisis nos va a permitir proponer una filosofía de la rehumanización en clave de Ciencias de la Persona como tarea filosófica venidera esperanzadora.

La primera de las virtudes sociales es la justicia. Una ley o institución que no se ajuste a la misma, debe ser reformada o abolida. En el siglo XVI, en la archidiócesis de Lima se emitió abundante legislación canónica que concernía de manera particular al indígena. Puesto que las leyes de la Iglesia ejercían un influjo directo sobre la vida del ciudadano tanto o más que las civiles, en este artículo se analizarán los cánones de los tres primeros Sínodos diocesanos limenses que guardan relación con las “fiestas de guardar”, para comprobar su incidencia en la mayor o menor justicia que pudo impregnar el mundo laboral. Para alcanzar tal fin, nos hemos servido de los principios de justicia propuestos por John Rawls. Ellos nos ayudarán a descubrir si las constituciones sinodales emitidas fomentaron leyes e instituciones que mejoraron la vida de trabajo de los indios

The objective of this study was to identify business behaviours that can create greater worker satisfaction in the performance of their professional activity, and to study their consequent impact on personal happiness. It also attempts to understand employees’ perceptions of their work environment and the influence they have on job satisfaction. Therefore, we applied a mixed research method, which combines a theoretical study based on the Sennet model and a quantitative analysis. We reviewed the theoretical arguments and conducted a survey of 83 workers belonging to an American multinational company in 2013. The company is a leading consulting, branding, and marketing enterprise and has implemented pioneering business strategies in Spain. The study identified the actions that should be avoided or enhanced to create organizational models that inspire and promote happiness at work. Without prejudice to the recognition of codes of practice regarding ethics that aspire to justice, the study identified such actions from the understanding that the search for happiness is precisely the objective that most immediately guides the actions of human subjects as moral agents.

This research paper approaches the following question through the hypothetico-deductive model: How is it that some companies have survived the crisis while others have not? Such question is expanded on herein: How is it that a company that suffers a cyclical crisis in the broader context of a systemic crisis is able to survive? Looking into the conditions concerning the likelihood of survival in the face of a crisis, it all points to the ethical side of the issue, thus prompting a complementary and final question: To what extent can an organizational culture based on strong moral foundations foster the survival of companies in times of crisis? The first part of this study, covering economic cycles, conducts a taxonomic analysis that recognizes and relates the different types of crisis –entropic vs. dialectic; structural vs. cyclical; system vs. company crisis– and provides an account of some of the reasons that the literature on the subject uses with the aim of explaining the current crisis. The second part will cover a classification as well as a systematic description of the reasons and causes of the cyclical crises, so as to be able to identify the human factor, which is not only the most common root-cause of organizational crises but also the key to overcoming them. The third part focuses on the ethical aspects of the matter at hand, and proposes some hypotheses covering the strategic conditions and cultural requirements that would be more likely to foster company survival in environments as hostile as the one we face nowadays. The article ends by offering a series of practical proposals that, in the authors’ view, may be a useful guide for companies to strengthen their defense mechanisms when faced with prospective crises and recessions. Finally, some potential lines of research for future projects are suggested. In employing various tools such as quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods, we sought to conduct an empiric verification of whether the hypotheses that were part of this qualitative analysis were consistent.

The purpose of this study is to examine the motivations andoverarching criteria behind employee participation in corporate volunteering.This participation is extremely limited. It seems appropriate toenhance it, both due to the internal benefits entailed for the companyitself, and the external impact it exhibits. With that being said, we stumbleupon several problems set out in literature that are confirmed throughour research. Ignorance of the precise causes and true decisive factors thatguide employee participation in corporate volunteering programmesprevents the development of suitable strategies that help boost the percentagesof employee participation. We have conducted an empirical and qualitative study with the aimof being able to construct a model to gain greater knowledge of this phenomenonand to grasp the social significance of this problem. Participantobservation was applied as an ethnographic method for data collection.Thus, we have accompanied and interacted with the employees under study. This approach represents a less intrusive method to avoid selfservingand politically-correct responses that do not reflect employees’true stimuli.

Si identificamos la deshumanización con la pérdida del sentido de la vida concluimos que la recuperación del sentido de la vida coincide con un proceso de rehumanización. Para comprender este dinamismo dialéctico de opuestos ejemplificamos el fenómeno de la deshumanización del hombre contemporáneo en dos momentos paradigmáticos del siglo XX: la violencia, causa de su exterminio en las Guerras Mundiales, en la primera mitad; y las adicciones, causa de su esclavitud existencial, en la segunda mitad. A partir de ambas hecatombes deshumanizantes concluimos que el mayor reto que tiene el siglo XXI consiste en alumbrar el fenómeno de la rehumanización como tarea esperanzadora para la reconstrucción de las personas deshumanizadas

Engagement of integrins and other adhesion receptors can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase present in focal adhesions. Furthermore, in addition to adhesion receptors, a surprising variety of stimuli, acting either on specific surface receptors or on intracellular molecules, such as PKC or Rho, can induce also tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. I suggest that a potential mechanism by which such distinct factors may modulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK is the promotion of integrin or other adhesion receptor clustering at focal adhesions. BioEssays 21:1069–1075, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Centrofollicular B Cell lymphomas constitute 25% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that originate in the skin. They are the second in frequency of those lymphomas with extranodal location after gastrointestinal B lymphomas. The primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of centrocytes and centroblasts confined to the skin. The prognosis is considered excellent with low probability of extracutaneous dissemination. We present a patient recently diagnosed in our unit with a good response to radiotherapy and complete resolution of the tumor with mild atrophy of the site.

This paper analyses the study plans and programmes offered in Spain to present and future businesspeople and executives in the academic year 2009-10. These offerings represent business administration studies in all Spanish universities, as well as postgraduate programmes taught by the universities themselves and/or other business schools. This is of special relevance because there are few data for assessing how our executives are trained, even though such data areessential to any attempt to improve corporate performance. Clearly, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and other core courses related to sustainability can and should contribute to this end. But the actual results are not very promising: these essential courses are offered in a minority of postgraduate programmes, and they barely exist at the undergraduate level. We consider it long overdue that academic institutions explore the inherent value of this type of training and seriously reconsider alternative course planning for their students.

Se presenta una nueva pmyección del personalismo desde los autorespersonalistas actuales, y se apunta hacia la perspectiva filosófica del sigloXXI que insiste en la persona como fundamento de todo humanismo.Palabras clave: Personalismo, Historia del personalismo.A. new projection of personalism from the current personal authors willbe presented, and stress will be emphasized on tite pitilosophic perspective ofthe 21 st. century, which will insist on man as the fundamental element ofhumanism.Keywords: Personalism, Tite itistory of personalism

A partir del concepto existencial de rehumanización el presente estudio intenta un nuevo pensamiento utópico para una Filosofía de la Historia futura en clave de esperanza. Establece el marco del discurso, de un lado, en la “des-humanización” del siglo XX ejemplificada en dos paradigmas relevantes como son las guerras en la primera mitad y las adicciones en la segunda mitad, y, de otro, en un nuevo paradigma generador de “re-humanización”, una actitud que se espera del siglo XXI superadora de anteriores paradigmas reduccionistas. Se concluye con algunas ideas prospectivas sobre el sentido utópico de la historia. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Filosofía de la Historia, rehumanización, utopias portadoras de valores fundamentales, violencia, adicciones, esperanza