•  5
    Ethics, ecology and economics
    Biodiversity and Conservation 4 (8): 798-811. 1995.
    This paper describes the general structure of an environmental philosophy. There can be many such philosophies, and those with their roots in economic theory have been extensively studied recently. Specific examples cited in the paper include the work of David Pearce and Robert Goodin. Economics-based philosophies can founder on the issue of externalities and a misplaced attempt to provide a comprehensive approach to valuing nature as a bundle of goods and services. It is argued that it is dange…Read more
  •  47
    Environmental Ethics
    In , Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. pp. 333-336. 1998.
    Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies themoral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moralstatus of, the environment and its non-human contents. This entrycovers: the challenge of environmental ethics to theanthropocentrism embedded in traditionalwestern ethical thinking; the development of the discipline fromthe 1960s and 1970s; the connection of deep ecology, feministenvironmental ethics, animism and social ecology to politics; theattempt to apply …Read more
  • Animal Ethics: Time for a New Approach?
    Animals and Science in the Twenty-First Century: New Technologies and Challenges. 1995.
  •  20
    Personal Identity
    Philosophical Quarterly 42 (166): 103-106. 1992.
  •  25
    Conditions of Identity: A Study of Identity and Survival
    with James Van Cleve
    Philosophical Review 101 (2): 411. 1992.
  •  7
    Understanding Environmental Philosophy
    with Y. S. Lo
    Acumen Publishing. 2010.
    Environmental philosophy is one of the exciting new fields of philosophyto emerge in the last forty years. Understanding Environmental Philosophypresents a comprehensive, critical analysis of contemporary philosophicalapproaches to current ecological concerns. Key ideas are explained, placedin their broader cultural, religious, historical, political and philosophicalcontext, and their environmental policy implications are outlined. Centralideas and concepts about environmental value, individual …Read more
  •  52
    The birth of modern science: culture, mentalities and scientific innovation
    Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 35 (2): 199-225. 2004.
    In a recent paper, Luc Faucher and others have argued for the existence of deep cultural differences between ‘Chinese’ and ‘East Asian’ ways of understanding the world and those of ‘ancient Greeks’ and ‘Americans’. Rejecting Alison Gopnik’s speculation that the development of modern science was driven by the increasing availability of leisure and information in the late Renaissance, they claim instead—following Richard Nisbett—that the birth of mathematical science was aided by ‘Greek’, or ‘West…Read more
  • Peter C. List, ed., Radical Environmentalism: Philosophy and Tactics (review)
    Philosophy in Review 14 29-31. 1994.
  •  26
    The Ethics of the Environment
    Dartmouth Publishing Company. 1995.
    The International Research Library of Philosophy collects in book form a wide range of important and influential essays in philosophy, drawn predominantly from English-language journals. The present volume provides a comprehensive collection of some of the most interesting recent work in environmental ethics. The 33 essays are organized in six sections: intrinsic value and moral standing; species, ecosystems and interests; deep ecology and radical environmentalism; ecology and feminism; are huma…Read more
  •  2
    Ethics, Environmental
    with Yeuk-Sze Lo
    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. forthcoming.
  •  244
    Discontinuity and identity
    Noûs 21 (2): 241-60. 1987.
  •  159
    Survival and importance
    Analysis 47 (October): 225-30. 1987.
  •  2
    Against Nature: The Concept of Nature in Critical Theory (review)
    Environmental Ethics 20 (2): 207-210. 1998.
  • Philosophical Dialogues: Arne Naess and the Progress of Ecophilosophy
    with Nina Witoszek
    Environmental Values 10 (3): 418-421. 2001.
    The volume documents, and makes an original contribution to, an astonishing period in twentieth-century philosophy_the progress of Arne Naess's ecophilosophy from its inception to the present. It includes Naess's most crucial polemics with leading thinkers, drawn from sources as diverse as scholarly articles, correspondence, TV interviews and unpublished exchanges. The book testifies to the skeptical and self-correcting aspects of Naess's vision, which has deepened and broadened to include third…Read more
  •  99
    Politics of Nature (review)
    Environmental Ethics 28 (2): 221-224. 2006.
  • Environment
    In John Skorupski (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Ethics, Routledge. 2010.
  •  260
    The Moral Standing of Natural Objects
    Environmental Ethics 6 (1): 35-56. 1984.
    Human beings are, as far as we know, the only animals to have moral concerns and to adopt moralities, but it would be a mistake to be misled by this fact into thinking that humans are also the only proper objects of moral consideration. I argue that we ought to allow even nonliving things a significant moral status, thus denying the condusion of much contemporary moral thinking. First, I consider the possibilityof giving moral consideration to nonliving things. Second, I put forward grounds whic…Read more
  •  32
    Moral Pluralism and the Environment
    Environmental Values 1 (1). 1992.
    Cost-benefit analysis makes the assumption that everything from consumer goods to endangered species may in principle be given a value by which its worth can be compared with that of anything else, even though the actual measurement of such value may be difficult in practice. The assumption is shown to fail, even in simple cases, and the analysis to be incapable of taking into account the transformative value of new experiences. Several kinds of value are identified, by no means all commensurabl…Read more
  •  1
    Condition of Identity: A Study in Identity and Survival
    Studia Logica 54 (2): 253-256. 1995.
    This book sets out a new theory of the unity of objects. The author introduces the reader to the central problems faced by philosophical accounts of identity, problems which can, to a large extent, be solved using the theory developed in the book. In his consideration of the vexed issue of personal identity, the author argues that in our everyday thinking about persons we merge radically different kinds of notions. He suggests that our assessment of sameness of person is not founded on any deter…Read more
  •  21
    Philosophical Dialogues: Arne Naess and the Progress of Philosophy (edited book)
    with Nina Witoszek
    Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 1999.
    The volume documents, and makes an original contribution to, an astonishing period in twentieth-century philosophy—the progress of Arne Naess's ecophilosophy from its inception to the present. It includes Naess's most crucial polemics with leading thinkers, drawn from sources as diverse as scholarly articles, correspondence, TV interviews and unpublished exchanges. The book testifies to the skeptical and self-correcting aspects of Naess's vision, which has deepened and broadened to include third…Read more
  •  11
    Politics of Nature (review)
    Environmental Ethics 28 (2): 221-224. 2006.
  •  712
    Environmental ethics
    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2008.
    Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. This entry covers: (1) the challenge of environmental ethics to the anthropocentrism (i.e., humancenteredness) embedded in traditional western ethical thinking; (2) the early development of the discipline in the 1960s and 1970s; (3) the connection of deep ecology, feminist environmental ethics, and social e…Read more
  •  12
    There has been a strong tendency in recent years, in countries such as Australia and the United States, for governmental and corporate spokespersons to present advice and information that comes from independent scientific sources as if it were no better grounded than that from any other source. Such a leveling out of all advice and information into mere “opinion” has been a key strategy in the assertion of corporate and governmental control over public debate and policy. In this paper, we aim to…Read more
  •  146
    Necessary and sufficient conditions
    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2008.
    Describes the received theory of necessary and sufficient conditions, explains some standard objections to it, and lays out alternative ways of thinking about conditions and conditionals.
  •  18
    Deep Ecology
    In Hugh LaFollette (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Blackwell. 2013.