Muhammad Khan

Academic performance is among the several components of academic success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status, student temperament and motivation, peer and parental support influence academic performance. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of academic performance with emphasis on the role of parental styles in adolescent students in Peshawar Pakistan. A total of 456 students from 4 public and 4 private schools were interviewed. Academic performance was assessed based on self-reported grades in the latest internal examinations. Parenting styles were assessed through the administration of the Parental bonding instrument. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors and parenting styles on academic performance. Factors associated with and differences between “care” and “overprotection” scores of fathers and mothers were analyzed. Higher socio-economic status, father’s education level and higher care scores were independently associated with better academic performance in adolescent students. Affectionless control was the most common parenting style for fathers and mothers. When adapted by the father, it was also the only parenting style independently improving academic performance. Overall, mean “care” scores were higher for mothers and mean “overprotection” scores were higher for fathers. Parenting workshops and school activities emphasizing the involvement of mothers and fathers in the parenting of adolescent students might have a positive influence on their academic performance. Affectionless control may be associated with improved academics but the emotional and psychosocial effects of this style of parenting need to be investigated before recommendations are made.

Synthesizing theories of ethical leadership, psychological climate, pro-environmental behavior, and gender, first, we proposed and tested a model linking supervisors’ ethical leadership and organizational environmental citizenship behavior via green psychological climate. Then we tested the moderating effect of gender on the indirect (via green psychological environment) relationship between supervisors’ ethical leadership and organizational environmental citizenship behavior. Time-lagged (three waves, two months apart) survey data were collected from 447 employees in various manufacturing and service sector firms operating in China. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, bootstrapping, and multi-group technique to test the hypothesized relationships. The results showed a positive relationship between employee ratings of supervisors’ ethical leadership and organizational environmental citizenship behavior. Moreover, green psychological climate mediates the relationship between supervisors’ ethical leadership and organizational environmental citizenship behavior. Importantly, the multi-group analysis revealed that gender moderates the indirect relationship (via green psychological climate) between supervisors’ ethical leadership and organizational environmental citizenship behavior. The study carries useful practical implications for policymakers and managers concerned about environmental sustainability.

Reading habits among young generation is going to declining and culture of reading books is modified to modern methods of communication like browsing social sites and internet, playing on cell phones and watching T.V. This era modernization has taken away the youth from reading habits. It is important that the young generation learns about the rich Urdu literature including Urdu fiction in which several writers have significantly contributed. The emergence of Urdu literature facilitated the expansion of Urdu language. Fiction writers try to indicate important weaknesses of the society, cultural traditions, and norms, so as to find out the solutions to these issues. There were so many fictional works in Urdu literature having done during the progressive and independent movement. “ANGARAY” is a collection of fictional short stories authored by four young writers who had a progressive approach and tried in their own way to bring forth several social issues through their work at the time British India. This paper attempts to present a brief history of this collection and the consequences emerging out of its publication at that time. The study is reviewed and analyzed the criticism on selected short stories of subsequent publication. The study found that the readers would find the ideas and views of the four writers in the present time may provide them some relief from the opposition they faced on publication of their work.

Tourism has emerged as the fastest growing industry and source of foreign exchange all across the world. Many countries owe major part of their annual earning and wealth to tourism. Pakistan is amongst the best tourism destination in the world. The main attractions for international travelers are usually, mountains, snow, desserts, beaches, plains, rivers, forests, cliffs, scenic beauty, historical places and cultural diversity. Pakistan is blessed with all of the said attractions. Up until now Pakistan had faced two major impediments towards becoming the top tourist destination, first it was not properly showcased in-front of the world and secondly in the recent past the security conditions were not suitable for international visitors. Today, it is high time for the Pakistan to become the top priority for tourists from all across the world. In this regard Social Media can play the best role possible. Various social media platforms are full of pictures and stories of people describing their experiences about the places they had been to. Secondly the governmental organizations also launch various social media office profile to show case the destinations. In this research the need of social media for the promotion of tourism in Pakistan has been focused.

Research conducted with ethical values is the need of modern world and great benefit to the society in general and human beings in particular. Clinical research basically focuses on improving human health individually by improving current trends, methodologies and identifying innovative methods of treatment. Public health research is mainly concerned with the health of the entire populace. No standard rules can be formulated for conducting any form of research ethically; however following some basic ethical values can assure ethical conduct of research. In any research study whether that is public health research or clinical research, the importance is need to be to recognize an ethical standard that respects individuals autonomy and communitys wellbeing. Ethical values in research studies can be achieved by requiring individuals and communitys collective collaboration for the protection of individuals autonomy, dignity and wellbeing.