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23Faust Vrančić und der Aristotelismus in der LogikStudia Historiae Philosophiae Croaticae 2 229-252. 1993.Faust Vrančić's (Faustus Verantius, 1551-1617) logic is analyzed in comparison to Renaissance Aristotelianism in logic with regard to the problem of determining logic, the subject of logic, and understanding the method. Vrančić's logic is compared to Markantun de Dominis' understanding of logic and to the understanding of logic in Jacopo Zabarella and in the Jesuit Renaissance tradition (P. Fonseca, F. Toletus, F. Suárez). In addition, the concept of science is discussed. "Censura logicae" publ…Read more
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18Faust Vrančić i aristotelizam u logici [Faustus Verantius and Aristotelianism in Logic]Prilozi Za Istrazivanje Hrvatske Filozofske Baštine 17 (1-2): 17-33. 1988.Faust Vrančić's (Faustus Verantius, 1551-1617) logic is analyzed in comparison to Renaissance Aristotelianism in logic with regard to the problem of determining logic, the subject of logic, and understanding the method. Vrančić's logic is compared to Markantun de Dominis' understanding of logic and to the understanding of logic in Jacopo Zabarella and in the Jesuit Renaissance tradition (P. Fonseca, F. Toletus, F. Suárez). In addition, the concept of science is discussed. "Censura logicae" publ…Read more
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11Goran Švob (1947–2013) in memoriamPrilozi Za Istrazivanje Hrvatske Filozofske Baštine 40 (1): 345-348. 2014.Goran Švob was an influential Croatian logician and philosopher or language. According to him, logic should be based on a theory of meaning, propositions and truth, and, in its core, is inseparable from central philosophical questions. Švob was especially inspired by Frege's early logical philosophy. According to Švob, the concept of identity should include naming and knowledge and has self-identity of objects as its "degenerate" case.
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169Die Anfänge der Kantrezeption in Kroatien [The beginnings of Kant reception in Croatia]Synthesis Philosophica 8 (2): 345-352. 1993.The reception of Kant began in Croatia at the turn of the 19th century with the writings of J.B. Horváth, whose textbooks were in use at that time in Croatia and Hungary. Unlike Horváth's decidedly negative attitude toward Kant, Šimun Čučić (Simeon Chuchich), in his systematic work Philosophia Critice Elaborata (1815), adopted some aspects of Kantian philosophy. This includes, for example, the formalistic conception of logic, Kantian apriorism and subjectivism, the formalistic approach to the mo…Read more
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16Kako logički objasniti mnijenje? [How to logically explain opinion?]In Davor Pećnjak, Petar Šegedin & Kruno Zakarija (eds.), Nasljeđe antike: ogledi u spomen Maji Hudoletnjak Grgić [Legacy of Antiquity: Essays in Memory of Maja Hudoletnjak Grgić], Institut Za Filozofiju, Kruzak. pp. 131-152. 2013.We approach the traditional problem of the relationship between opinion and truth, objects and appearances, from the standpoint and tools of logic of belief, combining an informal and technical approach. We describe and comment on some logics of individual concepts and modes of representation, and address the question of how to explain the possibility of a contradictory de re belief integrated with the corresponding non-contradictory de dicto belief. The QB logic is proposed, where the semantic …Read more
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147Logika u filozofiji Franje pl. Markovića [Logic in philosophy of Franjo pl. Marković]In Stipe Kutleša (ed.), Filozofijsko djelo Franje pl. Markovića, Matica Hrvatska. pp. 57-73. 2016.Logic has a fundamental role in the philosophy of Franjo Marković (1845-1914). His theory of concepts and reasoning is analyzed, especially with respect to the essential role of the principle of sufficient reason and in connection with the concept of causality. The interplay of various types of evidence in Marković's inductive-deductive logic is analysed by means of contemporary justification logic tools.
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13The Identity and Continuity of Croatian PhilosophyPrilozi Za Istrazivanje Hrvatske Filozofske Baštine 48 (2): 287-304. 2022.After delineating the corpus of Croatian philosophy, the historical and conceptual identity and continuity of Croatian philosophy are analysed with respect to several aspects: (1) the historical space and time of Croatian philosophy; (2) its socio-cultural role and character (educational, linguistic and national-political); (3) its traditions and interconnections; and (4) the idea of Croatian philosophy. Special attention is paid to the difference between Franjo pl. Marković’s views on Croatian …Read more
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51"The Bounds of Transcendental Logic" by D. Schulting, Cham, Switzerland, Palgrave Macmillan, 2022 (review)History and Philosophy of Logic 44 (1): 107-110. 2022.In the book, the decisive, foundational role of transcendental apperception for logic and transcendental philosophy in Kant is corroborated. The book contains many implicit connections with modern logic that could help a logician with a philosophical interest to gain a deeper insight into the origins and foundations of concepts such as object, truth, analyticity, identity, contradiction, judgment, existence, reference, quantification and others, as well as into the foundations and possible gener…Read more
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68Machines, Logic and WittgensteinPhilosophia 49 (5): 2103-2122. 2021.Wittgenstein’s “machines-as-symbols” are considered with respect to their historical sources and their symbolic and logical nature. Among these sources and precursors, along with Leonardo’s drawings of machines, there are illustrated “machine books”, a kind of book published in the period from the 16th to the 18th centuries which consist of pictures and descriptions of a variety of mechanical devices. Most probably, these books were one of Wittgenstein’s inspirations for his view of machines as …Read more
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35Formal Methods and Science in Philosophy: Introduction to the Special IssueBulletin of the Section of Logic 49 (2): 105-107. 2020.Introduction to the Special Issue containing selected contributions to the conference "Formal Methods and Science in Philosophy IV", Inter-University Center, Dubrovnik, April 11-13, 2019.
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72Immanuel Kant: LogicInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2020.The article focuses on Kant's formal logic (formal theory of concepts, judgments, and inference, general methodology) in the systematic order of logical forms and presents the main characteristics of his transcendental logic (theory of categories and transcendental ideas). Kant's problem of the foundations of logic and its completeness is addressed. The relevance and influence of Kant's account of logic in the development of modern logic is outlined. The article gives a selection of primary an…Read more
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56Logical Foundations and Kant's Principles of Formal LogicHistory and Philosophy of Logic 41 (1): 48-70. 2020.The abstract status of Kant's account of his ‘general logic’ is explained in comparison with Gödel's general definition of a formal logical system and reflections on ‘abstract’ (‘absolute’) concepts. Thereafter, an informal reconstruction of Kant's general logic is given from the aspect of the principles of contradiction, of sufficient reason, and of excluded middle. It is shown that Kant's composition of logic consists in a gradual strengthening of logical principles, starting from a weak princ…Read more
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69The totality of predicates and the possibility of the most real beingJournal of Applied Logics - The IfCoLog Journal of Logics and Their Applications 5 (7): 1523-1552. 2018.We claim that Kant's doctrine of the "transcendental ideal of pure reason" contains, in an anticipatory sense, a second-order theory of reality (as a second-order property) and of the highest being. Such a theory, as reconstructed in this paper, is a transformation of Kant's metatheoretical regulative and heuristic presuppositions of empirical theories into a hypothetical ontotheology. We show that this metaphysical theory, in distinction to Descartes' and Leibniz's ontotheology, in many aspects…Read more
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227Concepts, Space-and-Time, Metaphysics (Kant and the dialogue of John 4)In Mirosław Szatkowski (ed.), God, Time, Infinity, De Gruyter. pp. 61-86. 2018.Kant's theory of transcendental ideas can be conceived as a sort of model theory for an empirical first-order object theory. The main features of Kant's theory of transcendental ideas (especially its antinomies and their solutions) can be recognized, in a modified way, in a religious discourse as exemplified in the dialogue of Jesus and the Samaritan woman (John 4). In this way, what is by Kant meant merely as regulative ideas obtains a sort of objective reality and becomes a religiously founded…Read more
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127On causality as the fundamental concept of Gödel’s philosophySynthese 197 (4): 1803-1838. 2020.This paper proposes a possible reconstruction and philosophical-logical clarification of Gödel's idea of causality as the philosophical fundamental concept. The results are based on Gödel's published and non-published texts (including Max Phil notebooks), and are established on the ground of interconnections of Gödel's dispersed remarks on causality, as well as on the ground of his general philosophical views. The paper is logically informal but is connected with already achieved results in th…Read more
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64Logical opposition and collective decisionsIn Jean-Yves Béziau & Dale Jacquette (eds.), Around and Beyond the Square of Opposition, Springer Verlag. pp. 341--356. 2012.The square of opposition (as part of a lattice) is used as a natural way to represent different and opposite ways of who makes decisions, and in what way, in/for a group or a society. Majority logic is characterized by multiple logical squares (one for each possible majority), with the “discursive dilemma” as a consequence. Three-valued logics of majority decisions with discursive dilemma undecided, of veto, consensus, and sequential voting are analyzed from the semantic point of view. For insta…Read more
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143Some weakened Gödelian ontological systemsJournal of Philosophical Logic 32 (6): 565-588. 2003.We describe a KB Gödelian ontological system, and some other weak systems, in a fully formal way using theory of types and natural deduction, and present a completeness proof in its main and specific parts. We technically and philosophically analyze and comment on the systems (mainly with respect to the relativism of values) and include a sketch of some connected aspects of Gödel's relation to Kant.
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Elfriede Conrad: Kants Logikvorlesungen als neuer Schluessel zur Architektonik der Kritik der reinen Vernunft (review)Synthesis Philosophica 12 302-303. 1997.
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339Causal interpretation of Gödel's ontological proofIn Kordula Świętorzecka (ed.), Gödel's Ontological Argument: History, Modifications, and Controversies, Semper. 2015.Gödel's ontological argument is related to Gödel's view that causality is the fundamental concept in philosophy. This explicit philosophical intention is developed in the form of an onto-theological Gödelian system based on justification logic. An essentially richer language, so extended, offers the possibility to express new philosophical content. In particular, theorems on the existence of a universal cause on a causal "slingshot" are formulated.
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488Logic and Truth in Religious BeliefIn Mirosław Szatkowski (ed.), God, Truth, and Other Enigmas, De Gruyter. pp. 119-132. 2015.Logical reasoning is not only a component of religious faith (cf., for instance, the "Golden rule"), but, in addition, the religious faith itself can be conceived as a logical pragmatic function applied to sentences and their meanings. Pragmatic role of religious faith is shown on the examples of the analogy of seed and spoken word (e.g., Mt 13:3-23) and on the degrees of faith described in the episode about Nicodemus (John 3). Pragmatics adds (different grades of) perseverance to the correctnes…Read more
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488Modal collapse in Gödel's ontological proofIn Miroslaw Szatkowski (ed.), Ontological Proofs Today, Ontos Verlag. pp. 50--323. 2012.After introductory reminder of and comments on Gödel’s ontological proof, we discuss the collapse of modalities, which is provable in Gödel’s ontological system GO. We argue that Gödel’s texts confirm modal collapse as intended consequence of his ontological system. Further, we aim to show that modal collapse properly fits into Gödel’s philosophical views, especially into his ontology of separation and union of force and fact, as well as into his cosmological theory of the nonobjectivity of the …Read more
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Što je istina? (review)Filozofska Istrazivanja 25 (4): 975-977. 2005.A review of the Croatian translation of the book Edo Pivčević, "What is truth", Aldershot: Ashgate [now part of Routledge], 1997.
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299Forms of Judgment as a Link between Mind and the Concepts of Substance and CauseIn Miroslaw Szatkowski & Marek Rosiak (eds.), Substantiality and Causality, De Gruyter. pp. 51-66. 2014.The paper sets out from Göodel's question about primitive concepts, in connection with Gödel's proposal of the employment of phenomenological method. The author assumes that the answer that can be found in Kant is relevant as a starting point. In a modification of the approach by K. Reich, a reconstruction of Kant's "deduction'' of logical forms of judgment is presented, which serve Kant as the basis for his "metaphysical deduction of categories'' including substantiality and causality. It is pr…Read more
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298Gödel's "slingshot" argument and his onto-theological systemIn Kordula Świętorzecka (ed.), Gödel's Ontological Argument: History, Modifications, and Controversies, Semper. pp. 123-162. 2015.The paper shows that it is possible to obtain a "slingshot" result in Gödel's theory of positiveness in the presence of the theorem of the necessary existence of God. In the context of the reconstruction of Gödel's original "slingshot" argument on the suppositions of non-Fregean logic, this is a natural result. The "slingshot" result occurs in sufficiently strong non-Fregean theories accepting the necessary existence of some entities. However, this feature of a Gödelian theory may be considered …Read more
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25Marijan Cipra (22. 8. 1940. – 2. 5. 2008.)Filozofska Istrazivanja 28 (2): 445-448. 2008.Obituary for Marijan Cipra, a most prominent Croatian philosopher. In his essential book "Metamorfoze metafizike" ("Metamorphoses of Metaphysics", 1978), he proposed a metaphysical foundations of the historical development of philosophy, based particularly on his in-depth study of Greek philosophy.
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327First-order belief and paraconsistencyLogic and Logical Philosophy 18 (2): 127-143. 2009.A first-order logic of belief with identity is proposed, primarily to give an account of possible de re contradictory beliefs, which sometimes occur as consequences of de dicto non-contradictory beliefs. A model has two separate, though interconnected domains: the domain of objects and the domain of appearances. The satisfaction of atomic formulas is defined by a particular S-accessibility relation between worlds. Identity is non-classical, and is conceived as an equivalence relation having the …Read more
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319Causality and attribution in an Aristotelian TheoryIn Arnold Koslow & Arthur Buchsbaum (eds.), The Road to Universal Logic: Festschrift for 50th Birthday of Jean-Yves Béziauvol. 1, Cham, Heidelberg, etc.: Springer-Birkhäuser, Springer-birkhäuser. pp. 327-340. 2015.Aristotelian causal theories incorporate some philosophically important features of the concept of cause, including necessity and essential character. The proposed formalization is restricted to one-place predicates and a finite domain of attributes (without individuals). Semantics is based on a labeled tree structure, with truth defined by means of tree paths. A relatively simple causal prefixing mechanism is defined, by means of which causes of propositions and reasoning with causes are made e…Read more
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176Gödel, Kant, and the Path of a ScienceInquiry: Journal of Philosophy 51 (2): 147-169. 2008.Gödel's philosophical views were to a significant extent influenced by the study not only of Leibniz or Husserl, but also of Kant. Both Gödel and Kant aimed at the secure foundation of philosophy, the certainty of knowledge and the solvability of all meaningful problems in philosophy. In this paper, parallelisms between the foundational crisis of metaphysics in Kant's view and the foundational crisis of mathematics in Gödel's view are elaborated, especially regarding the problem of finding the “…Read more
Srećko Kovač
Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb
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Institute of Philosophy, ZagrebRetired faculty
University of Zagreb
Alumnus, 1992
Zagreb, Croatia
Areas of Interest
Logic and Philosophy of Logic |