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26Defining categories of actionability for secondary findings in next-generation sequencingJournal of Medical Ethics 43 (5): 346-349. 2017.
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30Should gratitude be a requirement for access to live organ donation?Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (11): 762-765. 2017.Gratitude is both expected and problematic in live organ donation. Are there grounds to require it, and to forbid access to live donor transplantation to a recipient who fails to signal that he feels any form of gratitude? Recipient gratitude is not currently required for organ donation, but it is expected and may be a moral requirement. Despite this, we argue that making it a condition for live organ transplantation would be unjustified. It would constitute a problematic and disproportionate pu…Read more
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28An Instruction Manual for Trust in the Presence of Conflicts of InterestsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 17 (6): 33-35. 2017.
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69What ‘Empirical Turn in Bioethics’?Bioethics 24 (8): 439-444. 2010.ABSTRACT Uncertainty as to how we should articulate empirical data and normative reasoning seems to underlie most difficulties regarding the ‘empirical turn’ in bioethics. This article examines three different ways in which we could understand ‘empirical turn’. Using real facts in normative reasoning is trivial and would not represent a ‘turn’. Becoming an empirical discipline through a shift to the social and neurosciences would be a turn away from normative thinking, which we should not take. …Read more
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13Simplicity as Progress: Implications for Fairness in Research With Human ParticipantsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 14 (2): 40-41. 2014.No abstract
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65A framework for rationing by clinical judgmentKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (3): 247-266. 2007.Although rationing by clinical judgment is controversial, its acceptability partly depends on how it is practiced. In this paper, rationing by clinical judgment is defined in three different circumstances that represent increasingly wider circles of resource pools in which the rationing decision takes place: triage during acute shortage, comparison to other potential patients in a context of limited but not immediately strained resources, and determination of whether expected benefit of an inter…Read more
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84Vulnerability in research and health care; describing the elephant in the room?Bioethics 22 (4). 2008.Despite broad agreement that the vulnerable have a claim to special protection, defining vulnerable persons or populations has proved more difficult than we would like. This is a theoretical as well as a practical problem, as it hinders both convincing justifications for this claim and the practical application of required protections. In this paper, I review consent-based, harm-based, and comprehensive definitions of vulnerability in healthcare and research with human subjects. Although current…Read more
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1Exigences et ébauches d'une éthique minimaliste dans la pratique cliniqueRevue de Théologie Et de Philosophie 140 (2): 233-246. 2008.
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26A Step Toward Pluralist FairnessAmerican Journal of Bioethics 11 (12): 46-47. 2011.The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 12, Page 46-47, December 2011
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85Physician brain drain: Can nothing be done?Public Health Ethics 1 (2): 180-192. 2008.Next SectionAccess to medicines, vaccination and care in resource-poor settings is threatened by the emigration of physicians and other health workers. In entire regions of the developing world, low physician density exacerbates child and maternal mortality and hinders treatment of HIV/AIDS. This article invites philosophers to help identify ethical and effective responses to medical brain drain. It reviews existing proposals and their limitations. It makes a case that, in resource-poor countrie…Read more
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86Methods in clinical ethics: a time for eclectic pragmatism?Clinical Ethics 1 (3): 159-164. 2006.Background Although methods proposed for the conduct of ethics consultation tend to be viewed as competing approaches, they may in fact function in a complementary manner. Methods We describe the experience of ethics consultation in two ethics committees at the University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland. Results Both committees provide case consultation by a multi-disciplinary team of committee members, but with different processes. These differences in process do not necessarily lead to differ…Read more
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25Standing on more than one leg: Interdisciplinarity's balancing actsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 8 (1). 2008.This Article does not have an abstract
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77Allocating resources in humanitarian medicinePublic Health Ethics 2 (1): 89-99. 2009.Fair resource allocation in humanitarian medicine is gaining in importance and complexity, but remains insufficiently explored. It raises specific issues regarding non-ideal fairness, global solidarity, legitimacy in non-governmental institutions and conflicts of interest. All would benefit from further exploration. We propose that some headway could be made by adapting existing frameworks of procedural fairness for use in humanitarian organizations. Despite the difficulties in applying it to hu…Read more
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104Research ethics and international epidemic response: The case of ebola and marburg hemorrhagic feversPublic Health Ethics 2 (1): 7-29. 2009.Institute for Biomedical Ethics, Geneva University Medical School * Corresponding author: Médecins Sans Frontières (OCG), rue de Lausanne 78, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 (0)22 849 89 29; Fax: +41 (0)22 849 84 88; Email: philippe_calain{at}hotmail.com ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//--> Abstract Outbreaks of filovirus (Ebola and Marburg) hemorrhagic fevers in Africa are typically the theater of rescue activities involving international experts and agencies tasked with reinforcing national au…Read more
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19What If Medical Graduates Are Right?American Journal of Bioethics 12 (5): 37-38. 2012.The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 5, Page 37-38, May 2012
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55Interventions and PersonsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 12 (1). 2012.The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 1, Page 10-11, January 2012
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34Articulating the Balance of Interests Between Humans and Other AnimalsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 9 (5): 17-19. 2009.
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89Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic reviewBMC Medical Ethics 18 (1): 19. 2017.Implicit biases involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as race or gender. This review examines the evidence that healthcare professionals display implicit biases towards patients. PubMed, PsychINFO, PsychARTICLE and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 1st March 2003 and 31st March 2013. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of the identified papers based on prec…Read more
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64Why Physicians Ought to Lie for Their PatientsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 12 (3): 4-12. 2012.Sometimes physicians lie to third-party payers in order to grant their patients treatment they would otherwise not receive. This strategy, commonly known as gaming the system, is generally condemned for three reasons. First, it may hurt the patient for the sake of whom gaming was intended. Second, it may hurt other patients. Third, it offends contractual and distributive justice. Hence, gaming is considered to be immoral behavior. This article is an attempt to show that, on the contrary, gaming …Read more
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384Éthique et santé publiqueLes ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 7 (3): 59-67. 2012.Quelles sont les principales problématiques en émergence dans l’éthique de la santé publique ces 10 prochaines années? Se hasarder à prédire l’avenir nécessite toujours une certaine dose d’autodérision, mais les fondements des enjeux sur une échéance aussi proche sont en grande partie déjà présents. Ils peuvent être décrits à différents niveaux d’observation. Le premier de ces niveaux est technique : la santé publique recouvre toute une série d’interventions, dont la mise en œuvre rencontre des …Read more
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23De-clustering national and international inequalityAmerican Journal of Bioethics 7 (11). 2007.This Article does not have an abstract
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25Assisted Suicide in Switzerland: Clarifying Liberties and ClaimsBioethics 30 (9). 2016.Assisting suicide is legal in Switzerland if it is offered without selfish motive to a person with decision-making capacity. Although the ‘Swiss model’ for suicide assistance has been extensively described in the literature, the formally and informally protected liberties and claims of assistors and recipients of suicide assistance in Switzerland are incompletely captured in the literature. In this article, we describe the package of rights involved in the ‘Swiss model’ using the framework of Ho…Read more
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45Developing the Capacity of Ethics Consultants to Promote Just Resource AllocationAmerican Journal of Bioethics 9 (4): 37-39. 2009.One of the most striking findings of the study by Foglia and colleagues (2009) was that clinicians and managers were most concerned with limited resources while ethics committee chairpersons focuse...
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22Variants of Unknown Significance and Their Impact on AutonomyAmerican Journal of Bioethics 15 (7): 26-28. 2015.
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79Physicians' Access to Ethics Support Services in Four European CountriesHealth Care Analysis 15 (4): 321-335. 2007.Clinical ethics support services are developing in Europe. They will be most useful if they are designed to match the ethical concerns of clinicians. We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey on random samples of general physicians in Norway, Switzerland, Italy, and the UK, to assess their access to different types of ethics support services, and to describe what makes them more likely to have used available ethics support. Respondents reported access to formal ethics support services such as…Read more
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32Conserving Scarce Resources: Willingness of Health Insurance Enrollees to Choose Cheaper OptionsJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 32 (3): 496-499. 2004.Health care costs have been rising steadily in most industrialized countries. These increases are driven primarily by technological advances and, to a lesser degree, by aging of the population. Many factors make it unlikely that market forces alone will limit increases in the costs of health care. These unremitting increases make health care rationing appear both necessary and inevitable.One of the least controversial mechanisms for rationing could be to allow patients to make their own choices …Read more