Jean Grondin

L’herméneutique de la compréhension développée dans Être et temps, et plus particulièrement dans ses §§ 31-32, est l’un des chapitres les plus importants et les plus marquants de la philosophie de Heidegger. Elle est importante par la perspective inouïe qu’elle développe sur le phénomène du comprendre, mais aussi parce que tout le projet de Heidegger est lui-même centré sur la compréhension de l’être 0Seinsverständnis), que son ouvrage propose d’élucider en un effort d’interprétation-explicitation (Auslegung) dont le § 32 de Sein und Zeit consacré à Y Auslegung présentera la théorie. Si ces analyses sont célèbres, c’est parce qu’elles ont connu un écho retentissant, notamment dans la réflexion théologique de Rudolf Bultmann (1884-1976), qui en a tiré l’inspiration de son exégèse existentiale du Nouveau Testament (Bultmann 1950) et la philosophie herméneutique défendue par Hans- Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) et Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005). On peut dire que sans l’herméneutique du comprendre de Heidegger, cette philosophie herméneutique n’aurait probablement jamais vu le jour.

This article reflects on Truth and Method , the seminal work of Hans Georg Gadamer. The main argument developed here justifies why the work has become a classic in the philosophical literature. Further arguments survey the thematic aspects that make up the book and the importance that Truth and Method grants to humanism as a horizon from which the status of the humanities and humanistic knowledge is justified. The article also presents a smooth approach to the main categories of Gadamer's hermeneutics and is an open invitation to re-read this classic. Resumen En este artículo se reflexiona sobre “ Verdad y Método ”, la obra fundamental de Hans Georg Gadamer. El argumento principal desarrollado justifica por qué la obra ha llegado a ser un clásico de la literatura filosófica. Los argumentos secundarios se detienen en los aspectos temáticos que componen el libro y en la importancia que “ Verdad y Método ” concede al humanismo como horizonte desde el cual se justifica el status de las humanidades y los saberes humanísticos. El artículo presenta también una fluida aproximación a las principales categorías de la hermenéutica gadameriana y es una invitación abierta a la relectura de este clásico

Jean Grondin’s starting point in his impressive book is what Hans-Georg Gadamer refers to as the universal claim of hermeneutics. Gadamer is better known for the limits his hermeneutics seems to place on universal claims. Against the reliance the Enlightenment placed on the insights of a reason common to humanity, Gadamer stresses the prejudiced and partial character of attempts to understand meaning. And against more contemporary attempts to ground Enlightenment conceptions in universal human competencies, he stresses the historicity and finitude of human knowledge. Our attempts to understand the meaning of texts, conversations, historical events, and social actions and practices are conditioned by the horizon of our language, our own historical experiences, and our assumptions and expectations. Still, Gadamer ends his Truth and Method by stressing not only the linguistic character of understanding but the infinite capacity of all languages to find and express new dimensions of meaning. “Language,” he writes, “forestalls any objection to its jurisdiction. Its universality keeps pace with the universality of reason.”

"Daß der philosophisch Interessierte ein aufwendig recherchiertes und... im Detail verläßliches Werk vor sich hat, attestiert man gern, wobei die Benutzerfreundlichkeit unter anderem durch die ausführliche Chronik im Anhang gewährleistet ist.... der Verfasser [stellt] sein sicheres Gespür für das Eigenartige und Markante sowie die ungewöhnliche Rhythmik des nachgezeichneten Lebens unter Beweis."Ulrich Horstmann in Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 19./20.6.1999, S. V"Die gründliche Gadamer-Biographie von Jean Grondin ist im wesentlichen frei von hagiographischen Zügen. Um so überzeugender entwirft sie das Porträt eines zunächst zögernden und unsicheren, eines unpolitischen und anpassungsfähigen, aber stets liberalen und selbstkritischen, vom gutbürgerlichen Elternhaus mit Klugheit, Sensibilität und sicherem Blick ausgestatteten, humanistisch gebildeten und unabhängig urteilenden Geistes."Jürgen Habermas in Neue Zürcher Zeitung vom 12./13.2.2000, S. 49.

We have many reasons to be grateful to Gianni Vattimo for his ongoing contribution to philosophy and public life. Undoubtedly, his most decisive philosophical impulses have come from the German philosophical tradition, and mostly from the Holy Trinity of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Gadamer, who was his teacher. Yet, he was not German, but a proud Italian, and, for some reason, more able than others to carry this tradition further. The issue I would like to discuss here is whether hermeneutics, and thus philosophy itself, must be seen as a form of nihilism. If nihilism only means a tolerance for the view of others to the extent that they do not violently limit the liberty of others, one can agree with Gianni Vattimo. But if one understands under “nihilism” the notion that there are no truths in the sense of adaequatio, one can challenge this view. Vattimo often faults Gadamer for not acknowledging fully the consequences of his own thought, i.e. the nihilistic consequences of his hermeneutic ontology. Yet one must ask: Why is it that Gadamer failed to proclaim a nihilistic hermeneutics? In other words, why did Gadamer resist the postmodernism of some of his followers?

Based on some interpretations about the Critique of Pure Reason, the author holds a real answer to the question about the possibility of Metaphysics remains in the uncertainty there. Without any proper Conclusion of the work, this question is displaced to the background and it is, in certain way, superseded by the question about God's existence and a future life. In II, The Transcendental Doctrine of Method, Kant points towards the Highest Good as a determining ground of the ultimate end of pure reason