Tomasz Kubalica

The aim of the paper is an analysis of the theory of knowledge as a reflection (Abbildtheorie), which was presented by Martin Heidegger in the earliest phase his philosophy, when he was under great influence of Neo-Kantian thought. The papers compare Heideggers position with the arguments of the neo-Kantians such as Heinrich Rickert and Ernst Cassirer. These early beliefs are referenced to the subsequent position, when was shown by Heidegger in the work Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik in 1929, where he undertakes the polemics with the Neo-Kantianism.

In the article I analyze the theory of consciousness understood as a asymmetric binary relation. This concept was formulated by Paul Natorp in Allgemeine Psychologie nach kritischer Methode and by Heinrich Rickert in Der Gegenstand der in Erkenntnis. According to this theory, consciousness is neither the act nor the action or the condition, but a clear relationship of subject to the object. Consciousness in this perspective is the relation of asymmetric and differential. This means that the subject cannot be recognized as an object and vice versa. Only the object can be conscious by the subject.Key words NATORP, CONSCIOUSNESS, RELATION.

The paper is devoted to an issue of Polish reception of Kant’s thought and an history of Polish research on this philosophy. It concerns the impact of Neo- Kantianism to assimilate the ideas of Kant in Poland. Its subjectis the comparison of the philosophical ideas of the twothinkers in different ways related to Polish: Johannes Volkelt from Lipnik and professor of philosophy at the Jan Kazimierz University of Lviv Mścisław Wartenberg. Philosophically connect their research on the thought of Kant and the defense of the scientific nature of metaphysics. The purpose of this comparison is to identify the border between the literal reading of Kant’s philosophy and the spirit expressed in a new way by the Neo-Kantians.