Jose Perez

Pese a la protección otorgada por la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, la discapacidad psicosocial está todavía presa del modelo médico, lo que provoca que las personas con esta discapacidad a menudo queden fuera de su protección. El artículo estudia como los diagnósticos, la práctica psiquiátrica y los tratamientos con psicofármacos contribuyen a la invisibilidad y vulneración de derechos de este colectivo. En concreto, se sostiene que el consumo de psicofármacos puede considerarse una nueva forma de institucionalización para las personas con malestar psíquico, una forma más sutil que pasa desapercibida y que deja atrás otras formas más explícitas como el internamiento o la hospitalización. En el artículo se exploran vías alternativas, como la atención comunitaria o la valoración de la diversidad mental, así como la pertinencia o no del reconocimiento específico de derechos para estas personas.

The multisymplectic Hamiltonian formalism is a generalization of the Hamiltonian formalism that manifestly preserves covariance in the description of fields and that has been proposed as a possible framework for developing a Lorentz-covariant, canonical quantization scheme. However, the possibility of defining multiple Poisson brackets within this formalism has significantly limited its practical use in field theory. In this paper, we establish a connection between the Lagrangian and multisymplectic descriptions of classical fields interacting with point particles in the field’s momentum representation by deriving the image of the de Donder–Weyl function for a general tensor representation of the Lorentz group. The calculation is carried out explicitly for the complex scalar field, the electromagnetic field, and the classical Dirac field. On this basis, we propose a Lorentz-covariant Poisson bracket with respect to the canonical variables of the fields, thereby opening the possibility of studying the complete system within a consistent relativistic and canonical framework.

La agroecología tiene como objetivo el conocimiento de los elementos y procesos claves en el funcionamiento de los agrosistemas, para su eficaz gestión en armonía con el ambiente. La protección vegetal ha sido enfocada tradicionalmente, bajo el concepto de lucha y control, utilizando arsenales químicos o biológicos y, en estos momentos, biotecnológicos. La aplicación de criterios ecológicos en protección vegetal ha permitido desarrollar procesos como la biofumigación, fundamentada en la utilización de los gases resultantes de la biodescomposición de la materia orgánica para el manejo de organismos patógenos de los vegetales. Es de esperar que el futuro de la agricultura muestre una mayor preocupación por el ambiente, la conservación de los recursos naturales, la salud de las personas y se destaque su contribución a la reducción de la pobreza, así como su aportación al desarrollo de los agrocombustibles.

The detection of hydrocarbon spills in marine environments is a critical challenge due to their severe impact on aquatic ecosystems. Hyperspectral imaging technology has emerged as a promising tool for detecting such spills, offering high-resolution spectral data for accurate identification. This work aims to develop an automated procedure for detecting hydrocarbon spills in local marine areas using a compact hyperspectral camera installed on a drone. The methodology integrates machine learning with hyperspectral technology, employing hyperspectral signatures of various hydrocarbons and water to create a spectral knowledge base for classification. A novel approach is used in the classifier training, where hyperspectral signatures are directly utilized as input to an artificial neural network, bypassing the need for extensive image labelling, eliminating the requirement for a large image dataset, and significantly reducing the computational costs associated with deep learning models. The trained classifiers, using autoencoders for encoding hyperspectral signatures, were applied to classify hyperspectral profiles (hyperpixels) in hyperspectral images. The results were highly promising, with the classifiers achieving near-perfect accuracy in detecting contaminated water and distinguishing between different hydrocarbons. Recall and F-score values above 0.90 demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, offering an efficient, scalable solution for real-time monitoring of marine spills.

This article presents a toy model and a case study on how a mathematical notion gains acceptance over competing alternatives. We argue that the main criteria is success, in the sense of: (a) the new notion fitting the “mathematical landscape” and (b) it empowering mathematicians to prove publishable results in the modern academic landscape. Both criteria go hand in hand. We identify one particular way that both things can be established, namely by creating counterparts of existing structures in another area of mathematics, i.e. by making sure that analogical results hold. Unlike in previous accounts of analogical reasoning, we hold that, sometimes, this process involves intentional creation of parallelisms between domains rather than mere discovery. We show this by discussing the case of Hamiltonicity results for infinite graphs. We argue that a prominent aim of this new notion is to shape the target domain so that knowledge can be transferred from the source domain. In our case study this notion enables knowledge transfer from finite combinatorics to infinite combinatorics in graph theory. We study how the first suggested notion for the counterpart of cycle, namely the notion of the double ray, was replaced by a topologically motivated approach to better fit the general mathematical landscape and thus aiding with knowledge transfer across fields.

Panaetius of Rhodes (2nd century BC) is often considered a heterodox Stoic, exhibiting significant differences from his predecessors, Zeno, Cleanthes and Chrysippus. Notably, scholars of Stoicism have observed that Panaetius appears to have lost interest in the figure of the wise man as a model of moral and epistemic perfection, as conceived by the early Stoics. However, the textual evidence that would confirm this abandonment is inconclusive. The reasons behind this shift are also unclear. Therefore, this work has two objectives. Firstly, it aims to critically review the textual material that suggests Panaetius lost interest in the wise man. Secondly, it aims to explain why Panaetius changed his focus. To achieve this, Panaetius will be presented as a recipient of a philosophical tradition interested in types of life. As such, he will criticise and modify the positions of his predecessors, who attached great importance to the sage. He will also introduce new theoretical developments that diminish the relevance of such a wise figure. At the same time, he will approach those who do not pay attention to the wise man in their study of types of life.

This chapter has two aims: (1) to analyze the position of meaning in life and the lack thereof as a contemporarily refined construct in the classical demarcations between mental disorder and non-disorder and in transdiagnostic psychopathology, and (2) to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each system for this construct in particular. As the chapter shows, meaning in life is a case of a construct that conceptually fits the underlying philosophical assumptions of both systems and therefore there is some leeway to choose. I argue that, on pragmatic grounds, the transdiagnostic approach to psychopathology has a few advantages over the classical approach in the case of meaning in life and the lack thereof. The chapter concludes with some remarks on aspects of meaning in life that neither system addresses and points to future directions.

Simple Summary: The present study evaluates the effects of two dietary supplements (guanidinoacetic acid [GAA] and zilpaterol hydrochloride [ZLH]) on the productive performance of fattening lambs over a 60-day period. The inclusion of these additives did not result in significant differences in the parameters studied. However, serum glucose and creatinine levels in the GAA group were higher than those in the control group. These findings suggest that further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of GAA supplementation to enhance lamb growth and meat production. Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZLH) on productive performance, carcass traits, and blood chemistry in non-castrated male lambs over 60 days. Twenty-four Pelibuey × Dorper crossbred lambs (16.3 ± 2.7 kg) were adapted to housing and diet for 14 days before being randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) Control: total mixed ration (TMR) without additives; (2) GAA: TMR with 0.2% GAA; and (3) ZLH: TMR with 6 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of ZLH for the last 30 days. No significant differences were observed in productive performance or carcass traits among treatments. However, lambs fed GAA showed higher serum glucose and creatinine levels than the control group (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential effect on energy metabolism. ZLH supplementation had no measurable impact on the parameters evaluated. These findings indicate that while GAA may influence certain metabolic indicators, further research with extended feeding periods or varying dosages is needed to clarify its effects on growth and carcass characteristics in lambs.

This paper develops a theoretical framework to better understand how implicit biases about social identity (e.g., gender, race, class, seniority, or institutional affiliation) may influence different stages of knowledge production. To do so, it makes use of hinge epistemology to describe how inter- (results of applications of mathematical rules) and extra-mathematical (e.g., stereotypes and prejudices) factors play a role in our mathematical practices and knowledge production. Accordingly, we will describe how these different factors confer or remove normative power from mathematical pieces in a broad economy of credibility. By doing so, we intend to unify two strands of hinge epistemology that have hitherto been separate: that of mathematical practices and that of testimonial justification. The upshot of this proposal is the development of a theoretical framework that enables more effective, appropriately informed measures to ameliorate both epistemic injustice in social contexts and epistemic harm within mathematics.

The objective of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the two models of growth and development that were applied in Peru over the past six decades (1961-2021). The objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of the Import Substitution Model (ISM) and the Liberal Model (LM), to determine which of these models has demonstrated superior performance in terms of economic growth and social welfare for the country. In this instance, the documentary and systematic review of the material obtained from both physical and virtual libraries was employed as a method. Consequently, a variety of economic indicators have been examined, including the primary indicator of economic growth, gross domestic product (GDP), to account for the effects of inflation and ensure the accuracy of the data. Furthermore, the principal social indicators have been examined and contrasted to gauge the nation's social well-being. The findings of the study demonstrate that the ML has demonstrably outstripped the MSI in terms of economic growth and the enhancement of social welfare for Peruvian society over the past three decades. However, it would be erroneous to assume that this model has entirely resolved the country's economic and social challenges.

This paper has two aims. First, we argue that Wittgenstein’s notion of petrification can be used to explain phenomena in advanced mathematics, sometimes better than more popular views on mathematics, such as formalism, even though petrification usually suffers from a diet of examples of a very basic nature (in particular a focus on addition of small numbers). Second, we analyse current disagreements on the absolute undecidability of CH under the notion of petrification and hinge epistemology. We argue that in contemporary set theory the usage of construction techniques for set-theoretic models in which the Continuum Hypothesis holds and those in which it fails have petrified into the normative demand that CH remain undecidable. That is, the continuous and successful practices involving the construction of various set-theoretic models now act as a normative hinge shared among practitioners, i.e., have normative force in the discipline. However, not all hinges are universal, which is why we find disagreements in set theory. We will show that this is a refinement of, and partially conflicts with, the arguments presented by set theorist Joel David Hamkins.

Epistemologists have developed a diverse group of theories, known as hinge epistemology, about our epistemic practices that resort to and expand on Wittgenstein's concept of ‘hinges’ in On Certainty. Within hinge epistemology there is a debate over the epistemic status of hinges. Some hold that hinges are non-epistemic (neither known, justified, nor warranted), while others contend that they are epistemic. Philosophers on both sides of the debate have often connected this discussion to Wittgenstein's later views on mathematics. Others have directly questioned whether there are mathematical hinges, and if so, these would be axioms. Here, we give a hinge epistemology account for mathematical practices based on their contextual dynamics. We argue that 1) there are indeed mathematical hinges (and they are not axioms necessarily), and 2) a given mathematical entity can be used contextually as an epistemic hinge, a non-epistemic hinge, or a non-hinge. We sustain our arguments exegetically and empirically.