Yan Zhang

Background: Endothelins are paracrine peptides with growth-promoting and vasoactive functions for a variety of cell types. Elevated activation of the endothelin signaling pathway induces cell proliferation and/or survival and is implicated in a variety of malignancies. Increased endothelin 1 was described in solar lentigines in previous reports, raising the possibility that the endothelin pathway may be of significance in keratinocyte proliferation-related disorders. However, detailed investigation on endothelins in skin malignancies is lacking. Objectives: This study aims to survey the expression of endothelins and their receptors in keratinocyte-derived benign and malignant tumors of the skin and to test the effects of endothelin inhibitors on the growth and survival of cultured keratinocytes. Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the level of gene transcription of three endothelins and two endothelin receptors. The genes with significant messenger ribonucleic acid expression abnormalities were confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis to examine expression differences at the protein levels. To analyze the effect of endothelin inhibitors on the keratinocyte growth and survival, keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of endothelin inhibitors and subjected to tetrazolium bromide assay to quantify the cell numbers over time. Results: ET-1 mRNA was found to be significantly up-regulated in seborrheic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. However, no significant expression increase was found in actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, or squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of ET-1 peptide confirmed increased expression. In cultured keratinocytes, peptide inhibitors of the endothelin pathway resulted in a marked reduction in cell survival. Conclusion: The endothelin signaling pathway, especially ET-1, is activated in basoloid keratinocyte neoplasms of the skin, such as basal cell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis. Blockade of this pathway can reduce cell survival in vitro. Therefore, endothelin inhibitors potentially offer a novel method for the treatment of some keratinocyte-derived skin tumors.

Resumo: O conceito de ensino superior é o acúmulo e a implicação filosófica da excelente cultura tradicional da China, bem como o espírito humanístico e o pensamento filosófico com características chinesas. No entanto, o conceito atual de ensino superior tem problemas, como o posicionamento de metas imprecisas, a ênfase no ensino teórico, a negligência da prática e a dificuldade de adaptação às necessidades sociais e do mercado. Como resolver esses problemas e promover o conceito de ensino superior, para que brilhe com nova vitalidade, na nova era, é uma questão urgente a ser resolvida neste momento. Portanto, este artigo se concentrou na cultura filosófica tradicional chinesa e explorou a relação interativa entre a cultura filosófica tradicional chinesa e os conceitos de ensino superior. O texto procurou analisar a relação entre a cultura filosófica tradicional chinesa e os conceitos de ensino superior, a partir da perspectiva de sua interação, importância e formas de alcançar a interação. O estudo constatou que a interação entre a cultura filosófica tradicional chinesa e os conceitos de ensino superior é de grande importância, e foi um importante ponto de partida para a reforma educacional demonstrar novas conquistas, na nova era. Com este artigo, espera-se que o estudo da relação interativa entre ambos possa ajudar as pessoas a entenderem melhor o conceito de ensino superior, compreender melhor a importância dos conceitos de ensino superior, na nova era, tanto do ponto de vista do conhecimento quanto do comportamento, e fornecer mais base teórica para a reforma do ensino superior.

The present study investigated whether physical cleansing can reduce the mindset effect in problem-solving in two experiments. Both experiments followed the same procedure. In the first stage, participants formed a mindset through the Luchins’ water-jar task (Experiment 1) or the idiom maze task (Experiment 2). The second stage is cleansing manipulation. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to clean their hands with wipes (cleansing condition) or examine the packaging of the wipes (no-cleansing condition). In Experiment 2, participants were asked to watch a washing-hands video (cleansing condition) or watch an examining-pen video (no-cleansing condition). At last, all participants completed the mindset effect test problems. The results showed that the participants in the cleansing condition were less affected by the mindset than those in the no-cleansing condition, indicating that physical cleansing reduced the mindset effect. Our results provide new evidence for the clean-slate effects and support the hypothesis that physical cleansing is an embodied process of psychological separation.

Attention and working memory are important cognitive functions that affect junior school students’ learning ability and academic performance. This study aimed to explore the relationships among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory and to explore differences in performance between a high trait mindfulness group and a low one in attention and working memory under different stressful situations. In study 1, 216 junior school students completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and their attention and working memory were tested in a non-pressure situation. The results showed that attention had a partial mediating effect between mindfulness and working memory. In study 2, the high trait mindfulness group and the low one were tested for attention and working memory under situations with single and multiple pressures. One notable result was that the attention and working memory performances of the high mindfulness group were all significantly higher than those of the low mindfulness group in every stress situation. Other important results were that trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between stress and attention and between stress and working memory. These results suggest that trait mindfulness has a protective effect in the process by which various stresses affect attention and working memory. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness is an important psychological quality that affects the attention and working memory of junior school students, and it is also an important psychological resource for effectively coping with the impact of stress on attention and working memory. Therefore, it is possible that improving trait mindfulness may help to improve junior school students’ attention and working memory and enable them to cope better with stress, thereby helping to improve academic performance. This research is of great significance for understanding the association between key psychological qualities and cognitive functions in different stressful situations. These findings also provide insight for future studies in educational psychology.

PurposeThe effect of sensorimotor stripping on neuroplasticity and motor imagery capacity is unknown, and the physiological mechanisms of post-amputation phantom limb pain (PLP) illness remain to be investigated.Materials and methodsIn this study, an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis was conducted using a bilateral lower limb motor imagery (MI) paradigm. The differences in the execution of motor imagery tasks between left lower limb amputations and healthy controls were explored, and a correlation analysis was calculated between level of phantom limb pain and ERD/ERS.ResultsThe multiple frequency bands showed a significant ERD phenomenon when the healthy control group performed the motor imagery task, whereas amputees showed significant ERS phenomena in mu band. Phantom limb pain in amputees was negatively correlated with bilateral sensorimotor areas electrode powers.ConclusionSensorimotor abnormalities reduce neural activity in the sensorimotor cortex, while the motor imagination of the intact limb is diminished. In addition, phantom limb pain may lead to over-activation of sensorimotor areas, affecting bilateral sensorimotor area remodeling.

In recent years, the network has become more complex, and the attacker’s ability to attack is gradually increasing. How to properly understand the network security situation and improve network security has become a very important issue. In order to study the method of extracting information about the security situation of the network based on cloud computing, we recommend the technology of knowledge of the network security situation based on the data extraction technology. It converts each received cyber security event into a standard format that can be defined as multiple brochures, creating a general framework for the cyber security situation. According to the large nature of network security situation data, the Hadoop platform is used to extract aggregation rules, and perform model extraction, pattern analysis, and learning on a network security event dataset to complete network security situation rule mining, and establish a framework for assessing the state of network security. According to the results of the federal rule extraction, the level of network node security risk is obtained in combination with signal reliability, signal severity, resource impact, node protection level, and signal recovery factor. A simulation test is performed to obtain the intrusion index according to the source address of the network security alarm. Through the relevant experiments and analysis of the results, the attack characteristics obtained in this study were obtained after manually reducing the network security event in the 295 h window. The results show that after the security event is canceled, the corresponding window attack index decreases to 0, indicating that this method can effectively implement a network security situation awareness. The proposed technique allows you to accurately sense changes in network security conditions.

This study takes the Chinese technology-intensive listed companies from 2009 to 2019 as the research sample to study the relationship between board faultlines and innovation strategy decisions of companies, and examines the impact of property rights background and institutional environment on the above relationship from the perspective of external governance environment of Chinese-listed companies. The results show that social-related faultlines of the board of directors have a negative influence on corporate innovation strategy decisions; cognitive-related faultlines have a positive effect on corporate innovation strategy decisions. At the same time, this research proves that the property rights background and institutional environment have a regulating role in the relationship between board faultlines and innovation strategy decisions, and can play an active role in the board faultlines.

In the context of social norms, based on faultline theory, using samples of Chinese A-share listed companies of technology-intensive industries from 2009 to 2015, this paper studies how board faultlines influence innovation strategy decisions and test the influences of a dual chairman/CEO and board ownership on that relationship. The results of the study are as follows. Social-related faultlines have a significant negative influence on innovation strategy decisions. Cognitive-related faultlines have a significant positive influence on innovation strategy decisions. A dual chairman/CEO has no moderating effect between social-related faultlines and innovation strategy decisions, but weakens the positive effect between cognitive-related faultlines and innovation strategy decisions. Board ownership weakens the negative effect between social-related faultlines and innovation strategy decisions but enhances the positive effect between cognitive-related faultlines and innovation strategy decisions.

Modernization in China is accompanied by some specific features: aging, individualization, the emergence of the nuclear family, and changing filial piety. While young Chinese people are still the main caregivers for older adults, understanding the attitudes of young Chinese people toward aging and living independently in the context of modernization is important because it relates to future elderly care problems in China. By using in-depth interviews and qualitative methods, 45 participants were enrolled in the study, 38 were women and 37 had no siblings. The ages ranged from 17 to 25 years. Results revealed that participants held diverse attitudes about older adults, but the general attitudes were that older adults are lonely, financially disadvantaged, have poor social support, lack hobbies, and care about their children more than themselves. Chinese college students were affected both by traditional filial piety and individualism; however, of the two, they seemed put greater value on independence. Moreover, traditional filial piety is changing in a modern direction, affected by Western ideas of individualism: the status of the senior is diminishing, and living with one’s parents is no longer regarded as a necessary component. Implications concerning age stereotypes, elderly care policies, and strategies are discussed.

Nowadays, the development of big data is getting faster and faster, and the related research on motion sensing recognition and complex systems under the background of big data is gradually being valued. At present, there are relatively few related researches on vertical Baduanjin in the academic circles; research in this direction can make further breakthroughs in motion sensor recognition. In order to carry out related action recognition research on the lifting action of vertical Baduanjin, this paper uses sensor technology to collect the motion video image of vertical Baduanjin based on the background of big data and uses action recognition technology and related algorithms to obtain the action. Recognize the video image to obtain the data, get the acceleration, angular velocity, and EMG data, and count the end time and duration according to the change of the action. According to the data table and graph change trend compiled at the end of the experiment, we can see the following: after the data is preprocessed, the acceleration signal change range is limited to [−1, 1], and the acceleration change has a clear directionality; and, after 15 lifts of the detected object, its angular velocity in X-axis direction is basically negative. However, when the ninth lift is performed, the angular velocity of the movement in X-axis direction is 36.09, the largest of all angular velocities. When performing the 15th lifting action, the angular velocity of this action in Z-axis direction is −26.05, which is the smallest of all angular velocities. The longest duration of the left muscle discharge during the lifting action of the subject is 15.24 for the tibial anterior muscle and 8.91 for the external oblique muscle with the shortest duration. The longest discharge duration of the right muscle is also the tibial anterior muscle with 12.15, and the shortest duration is the erector spinae with 8.79.

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.Few-layer thick MoSe2 and WSe2 possess non-trivial spin textures with sizable spin splitting due to the inversion symmetry breaking embedded in the crystal structure and strong spin-orbit coupling. We report a spin-resolved photoemission study of MoSe2 and WSe2 thin film samples epitaxially grown on a bilayer graphene substrate. We only found spin polarization in the single-and trilayer samples-not in the bilayer sample-mostly along the out-of-plane direction of the sample surface. The measured spin polarization is found to be strongly dependent on the light polarization as well as the measurement geometry, which reveals intricate coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in this class of material.

The present study aimed to examine whether a self-related stimulus produces a self-related process bias between pathological-tendency internet users and ordinary internet users. Participants were asked to judge the color of the target stimulus’ frame (internet pictures) in an implicit priming task, which enclosed the prime of self/other-related words and the target of the online image in sequence. Results from Experiment 1 showed that the main effect of priming type and the interaction of the priming type and the subject group were significant. Further analysis revealed that response time (RT) under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that of the other related conditions. Simple effect analysis indicated that RT under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that under the other-related conditions for pathological-tendency internet users but not for ordinary internet users. In Experiment 2, behavior results demonstrated the main effects of priming type and subject group. Further analysis suggested that RT under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that in the other-related tasks for both groups, and the RT of the pathological-tendency internet users was shorter than that of ordinary internet users. ERP data showed that the amplitudes of late positive components under the self-related condition were smaller than that under the other-related conditions. The N2 amplitude was larger under the self-related condition than under the other-related conditions for pathological-tendency internet users but not for ordinary internet users. This finding suggested that internet use influenced the inhibition control and was automatically retrieved during the processing of self-related stimuli.

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Modern revolution as the beginning of founding a new political order has to confront the vicious circle inhered in all beginnings: in so far as it is the beginning, where does its principle come from? Or, if there is no principle, how could the beginning establish one? Set in the context of modern political experience, the aporia is equal to the problem of how modern politics to be self-grounded or how to reestablish political authority in modernity? By an exploration into the relevant writings of Hannah Arendt, the article tries to investigate the vicious circle of beginning and principle in the political realm, and to point out that Arendt has told a story about the mutual generating of beginning and principle, turning the so-called vicious circle into a hermeneutic circle, in which those implicit principles become explicit through the performance of founding actions.

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.The evaporative-cooling roof is a popular passive energy conservation technique. This article presents a novel approach for modelling and analysing the influence of evaporation on roof thermal performance. A multivariate nonlinear model was developed for the prediction of the evaporation rate from porous tile. A computer program was then developed based on the one-dimensional roof unsteady heat transfer theory. Finally, the computer program and hourly weather data of Guangzhou, China, were used to analyse the impacts of evaporation and slope orientation on roof thermal performance. Evaporation beginning at 11:00 can reduce the external surface temperatures of a horizontal roof and 30°-inclined east-sloping and west-sloping roofs by up to 11.3, 10.7, and 9.8 °C, respectively, from those of a non-evaporative roof. This, in turn, can reduce the peak-hour internal surface heat flux. Additionally, with the horizontal roof, the reduction in the peak-hour heat flux can be doubled if the evaporative layer is frequently replenished with water.