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243Intellectual property, state sovereignty, and biotechnologyKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 20 (1). 2010.The issue of biopiracy has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The Convention on Biological Diversity adopted a principle of state sovereignty over biological resources and the genetic information contained within those resources to address this issue. It is argued that this principle has not been adequately justified and that there are other solutions to the issue of biopiracy, based on different theories of justice, that deserve greater consideration. These alternatives include t…Read more
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20Should All Research Subjects Be Treated the Same?Hastings Center Report 45 (1): 17-20. 2015.One of the founding principles of research ethics is that subjects should be treated equally. In the words of the Belmont Report, “equals ought to be treated equally.” This principle does not imply that all subjects should be treated exactly the same. Rather, subjects who are similar in relevant respects should receive similar treatment. Clinical status is clearly relevant to determining how subjects should be treated. Greater resources should be devoted to subjects who have worse diseases. In c…Read more
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42Research Ethics: International PerspectivesCambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6 (4): 376. 1997.In recent years, bioethics has increasingly become an international area of inquiry with major contributions being made not only in North America but also in Europe and in the Pacific Rim countries. This general observation is particularly true for research ethics. Little attention has been paid, however, to this internationalization of bioethics in general and research ethics in particular, and there are few studies comparing what has emerged in the different countries
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20The Role of Private Philanthropy in a Free and Democratic StateSocial Philosophy and Policy 4 (2): 79. 1987.This paper will attempt to defend the thesis that it is impossible to understand the proper role of private philanthropy in a free and democratic society without examining certain fundamental questions about the proper roles of the state and about the rights and obligations of owners of private property. It will defend that thesis by presenting arguments for four subordinate theses: there are historical and philosophical reasons for being skeptical about the role of private philanthropy in a fre…Read more
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71Freedom and responsibility in genetic testingSocial Philosophy and Policy 19 (2): 343-359. 2002.Public statements by various international groups emphasize that decisions to undergo genetic screening, either for disease-carrier status or for predisposition-to-disease status, and decisions about the use of the resulting information should be made voluntarily by the party to be screened. For example, the World Medical Association, in its Declaration on the Human Genome Project, says, “One should respect the will of persons screened and their right to decide about participation and about the …Read more
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33Marriage, Morality, & Sex‐Change Surgery: Four Traditions in Case EthicsHastings Center Report 11 (4): 8-13. 1981.
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50The International Defense of Liberty: BARUCH A. BRODYSocial Philosophy and Policy 3 (1): 27-42. 1985.It seems to me that those who place great value on the right to human freedom can be badly divided on the question of the use of force by states to defend the liberties of those who are not citizens of that particular state. Concerned about the liberties to be defended, they might be enthusiastic supporters of the use of such force by liberty-loving countries throughout the world. Concerned about the liberties that might be violated when the state marshals its forces for use internationally, the…Read more
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175Life and death decision makingOxford University Press. 1988.Integrating theory with case studies, this book examines the practical application of moral theory in clinical decision-making through 40 composite cases based on actual clinical experience. Complex, realistic, and challenging, these examples contain the multiplicity of factors faced in clinical crises, making this a superb exploration of the ways in which theory relates to actual life-or-death situations.
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76Intellectual property and biotechnology: The U.s. Internal experience--part IKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 16 (1): 1-37. 2006.: In the development of biotechnology in the United States, many questions were raised about the appropriateness of applying to this area a traditional robust system of intellectual property rights. Despite these hesitations, the U.S. rejected suggested modifications. This was a mistake, and there is a need to develop a modified system that promotes more of the relevant ethical values
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18" Recovering the Traditions: Religious Perspectives in Medical EthicsChristian Bioethics 1 (2): 247. 1995.
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14Surgical EthicsOxford University Press USA. 1998.This is the first textbook of surgical ethics. It is a practical, clinically comprehenive, well-organized guide to ethical issues in surgical practice, research, and education written by leading figures in surgery and bioethics. The authors cover the surgeon-patient relationship, the full range of surgical patients, surgical education and research, and surgery and managed care. Their chapters are not abstract discussions of ethical principles; rather, they connect directly with the everyday conc…Read more
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192Why settle for anything less than good old-fashioned aristotelian essentialismNoûs 7 (4): 351-365. 1973.
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14Five. The Theory Of EssentialismIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 84-134. 1981.
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41The president's commission: The need to be more philosophicalJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 14 (4): 369-383. 1989.This paper argues, contrary to what has sometimes been claimed, that public commissions need to be more philosophical than they have been in analyzing crucial bioethical issues. It argues (a) that the failure of the President's Commission to develop and use even simple distinctions between life and personhood led to flaws in both its discussion of death and its discussion of persistent vegetative patients, and (b) that its treatment of access to health care fails to develop a coherent approach p…Read more
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7Two. Enduring and Nonenduring ObjectsIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 24-42. 1981.
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25BACKGROUND: Many published accounts of clinical trials report no differences between the treatment arms, while being underpowered to find differences. This study determined how the authors of these reports interpreted their findings. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 54 reports of surgical trials chosen randomly from a database of 110 influential trials conducted in 2008. Seven that reported having adequate statistical power were excluded from further analysis, as were the 32 that reported significant d…Read more
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62Is there a philosophical problem about the identity of substances?Philosophia 1 (1-2): 43-59. 1971.
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18Six. Essence And ExplanationIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 135-156. 1981.
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