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7Two. Enduring and Nonenduring ObjectsIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 24-42. 1981.
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24BACKGROUND: Many published accounts of clinical trials report no differences between the treatment arms, while being underpowered to find differences. This study determined how the authors of these reports interpreted their findings. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 54 reports of surgical trials chosen randomly from a database of 110 influential trials conducted in 2008. Seven that reported having adequate statistical power were excluded from further analysis, as were the 32 that reported significant d…Read more
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18Six. Essence And ExplanationIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 135-156. 1981.
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42Doubly distributing special obligations: what professional practice can learn from parentingJournal of Medical Ethics. 2016.A traditional ethic of medicine asserts that physicians have special obligations to individual patients with whom they have a clinical relationship. Contemporary trends in US healthcare financing like bundled payments seem to threaten traditional conceptions of special obligations of individual physicians to individual patients because their population-based focus sets a tone that seems to emphasise responsibilities for groups of patients by groups of physicians in an organisation. Prior to unde…Read more
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62Is there a philosophical problem about the identity of substances?Philosophia 1 (1-2): 43-59. 1971.
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22Readings in the philosophy of sciencePrentice-Hall. 1970.New edition (previously 1971) of an anthology for an undergraduate course. Comprises four parts: theories, explanation and causality, confirmation of scientific hypotheses, selected problems of particular sciences. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
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14Public Goods and Fair Prices: Balancing Technological Innovation with Social Well‐BeingHastings Center Report 26 (2): 5-11. 1996.A recent controversy concerning the pricing of drugs and other technological innovations funded by public dollars raised profound moral and social questions, questions the bioethics community has long overlooked.
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4Freedom And Responsibility In Genetic TestingSocial Philosophy and Policy 19 (2): 343-359. 2002.Public statements by various international groups emphasize that decisions to undergo genetic screening, either for disease-carrier status or for predisposition-to-disease status, and decisions about the use of the resulting information should be made voluntarily by the party to be screened. For example, the World Medical Association, in its Declaration on the Human Genome Project, says, “One should respect the will of persons screened and their right to decide about participation and about the …Read more
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11Taking Issue: Pluralism and Casuistry in BioethicsGeorgetown University Press. 2003."When it comes to morality as it is practiced in medicine, Brody makes clear that the ethical issues are never as simple as black and white - that there are myriad factors and fine nuances that can and should challenge decision making as it is commonly practiced in difficult medical cases. In this collection, delving thoughtfully and systematically into methodology, research ethics, clinical ethics, and Jewish medical ethics, he tackles thorny life-and-death questions head-on and fearlessly. He …Read more
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7Moral rules and particular circumstancesPrentice-Hall. 1970.Morality based upon categorical imperatives. On a supposed right to tell lies from benevolent motives, by I. Kant.--Utilitarian morality, by H. Sidgwick.--What makes right acts right? by Sir D. Ross.--Utilitarianism, universalisation, and our duty to be just, by J. Harrison.--Extreme and restricted utilitarianism, by J. J. C. Smart.--What if everyone did that? by C. Strang.--Toward a credible form of utilitarianism, by R. B. Brandt.
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Limiting life-prolonging medical treatment: A comparative analysis of the President's Commission and the New York State Task ForceIn Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby & Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine, National Academy Press. pp. 307--34. 1995.
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95Redistribution Without EgalitarianismSocial Philosophy and Policy 1 (1): 71. 1983.I will, in this paper, set out the philosophical foundations and the basic structure of a new theory of justice. I will argue that both these foundations and the theory which is based upon them are intuitively attractive and theoretically sound. Finally, I will argue that both are supported by the fact that they lead to attractive implications such as the following: One can justify at least some governmental redistributive programs which presuppose that those receiving the wealth have a right to…Read more
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55Innovation in Human Research Protection: The AbioCor Artificial Heart TrialAmerican Journal of Bioethics 6 (5). 2006.Human clinical research has become a huge economic enterprise (Morin et al. 2002; Noah 2002). Because the human subject at the center can be so easily marginalized, many commentators recommend spec...
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56Intellectual property and biotechnology: The U.s. Internal experience--part IIKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 16 (2): 105-128. 2006.: Continuing the discussion begun in the March 2006 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, this paper further documents the failure of the United States to adequately consider possible modifications in the traditional robust system of intellectual property rights as applied to biotechnology. It discusses concrete suggestions for alternative disclosure requirements, for exemptions for research tools, and for improved access to clinical advances. In each of these cases, the modification…Read more
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20Philosophical reflections on clinical trials in developing countriesIn Rosamond Rhodes, Margaret P. Battin & Anita Silvers (eds.), Medicine and Social Justice: Essays on the Distribution of Health Care, Oup Usa. pp. 197. 2002.
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78Pharmacogenetics: Ethical issues and policy optionsKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12 (1): 1-15. 2002.: Pharmacogenetics offers the prospect of an era of safer and more effective drugs, as well as more individualized use of drug therapies. Before the benefits of pharmacogenetics can be realized, the ethical issues that arise in research and clinical application of pharmacogenetic technologies must be addressed. The ethical issues raised by pharmacogenetics can be addressed under six headings: regulatory oversight, confidentiality and privacy, informed consent, availability of drugs, access, and …Read more
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6One. The Theory of Identity for Enduring ObjectsIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 1-23. 1981.
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29Ethical Issues in Drug Testing, Approval and Pricing: The Clot-Dissolving DrugsBioethics 12 (1): 79-81. 1998.
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112The ethics of biomedical research: an international perspectiveOxford University Press. 1998.A broad critical review of national policies on biomedical research - human, epidemiologic, clinical trials, genetic, reproductive, etc.
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