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75Intellectual property and biotechnology: The U.s. Internal experience--part IKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 16 (1): 1-37. 2006.: In the development of biotechnology in the United States, many questions were raised about the appropriateness of applying to this area a traditional robust system of intellectual property rights. Despite these hesitations, the U.S. rejected suggested modifications. This was a mistake, and there is a need to develop a modified system that promotes more of the relevant ethical values
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18" Recovering the Traditions: Religious Perspectives in Medical EthicsChristian Bioethics 1 (2): 247. 1995.
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14Five. The Theory Of EssentialismIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 84-134. 1981.
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192Why settle for anything less than good old-fashioned aristotelian essentialismNoûs 7 (4): 351-365. 1973.
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40The president's commission: The need to be more philosophicalJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 14 (4): 369-383. 1989.This paper argues, contrary to what has sometimes been claimed, that public commissions need to be more philosophical than they have been in analyzing crucial bioethical issues. It argues (a) that the failure of the President's Commission to develop and use even simple distinctions between life and personhood led to flaws in both its discussion of death and its discussion of persistent vegetative patients, and (b) that its treatment of access to health care fails to develop a coherent approach p…Read more
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7Two. Enduring and Nonenduring ObjectsIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 24-42. 1981.
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24BACKGROUND: Many published accounts of clinical trials report no differences between the treatment arms, while being underpowered to find differences. This study determined how the authors of these reports interpreted their findings. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 54 reports of surgical trials chosen randomly from a database of 110 influential trials conducted in 2008. Seven that reported having adequate statistical power were excluded from further analysis, as were the 32 that reported significant d…Read more
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42Doubly distributing special obligations: what professional practice can learn from parentingJournal of Medical Ethics. 2016.A traditional ethic of medicine asserts that physicians have special obligations to individual patients with whom they have a clinical relationship. Contemporary trends in US healthcare financing like bundled payments seem to threaten traditional conceptions of special obligations of individual physicians to individual patients because their population-based focus sets a tone that seems to emphasise responsibilities for groups of patients by groups of physicians in an organisation. Prior to unde…Read more
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60Is there a philosophical problem about the identity of substances?Philosophia 1 (1-2): 43-59. 1971.
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18Six. Essence And ExplanationIn Graeme Forbes (ed.), Identity and Essence, Princeton University Press. pp. 135-156. 1981.
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22Readings in the philosophy of sciencePrentice-Hall. 1970.New edition (previously 1971) of an anthology for an undergraduate course. Comprises four parts: theories, explanation and causality, confirmation of scientific hypotheses, selected problems of particular sciences. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
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4Freedom And Responsibility In Genetic TestingSocial Philosophy and Policy 19 (2): 343-359. 2002.Public statements by various international groups emphasize that decisions to undergo genetic screening, either for disease-carrier status or for predisposition-to-disease status, and decisions about the use of the resulting information should be made voluntarily by the party to be screened. For example, the World Medical Association, in its Declaration on the Human Genome Project, says, “One should respect the will of persons screened and their right to decide about participation and about the …Read more
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14Public Goods and Fair Prices: Balancing Technological Innovation with Social Well‐BeingHastings Center Report 26 (2): 5-11. 1996.A recent controversy concerning the pricing of drugs and other technological innovations funded by public dollars raised profound moral and social questions, questions the bioethics community has long overlooked.
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7Moral rules and particular circumstancesPrentice-Hall. 1970.Morality based upon categorical imperatives. On a supposed right to tell lies from benevolent motives, by I. Kant.--Utilitarian morality, by H. Sidgwick.--What makes right acts right? by Sir D. Ross.--Utilitarianism, universalisation, and our duty to be just, by J. Harrison.--Extreme and restricted utilitarianism, by J. J. C. Smart.--What if everyone did that? by C. Strang.--Toward a credible form of utilitarianism, by R. B. Brandt.
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11Taking Issue: Pluralism and Casuistry in BioethicsGeorgetown University Press. 2003."When it comes to morality as it is practiced in medicine, Brody makes clear that the ethical issues are never as simple as black and white - that there are myriad factors and fine nuances that can and should challenge decision making as it is commonly practiced in difficult medical cases. In this collection, delving thoughtfully and systematically into methodology, research ethics, clinical ethics, and Jewish medical ethics, he tackles thorny life-and-death questions head-on and fearlessly. He …Read more
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Limiting life-prolonging medical treatment: A comparative analysis of the President's Commission and the New York State Task ForceIn Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby & Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine, National Academy Press. pp. 307--34. 1995.
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54Innovation in Human Research Protection: The AbioCor Artificial Heart TrialAmerican Journal of Bioethics 6 (5). 2006.Human clinical research has become a huge economic enterprise (Morin et al. 2002; Noah 2002). Because the human subject at the center can be so easily marginalized, many commentators recommend spec...
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56Intellectual property and biotechnology: The U.s. Internal experience--part IIKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 16 (2): 105-128. 2006.: Continuing the discussion begun in the March 2006 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, this paper further documents the failure of the United States to adequately consider possible modifications in the traditional robust system of intellectual property rights as applied to biotechnology. It discusses concrete suggestions for alternative disclosure requirements, for exemptions for research tools, and for improved access to clinical advances. In each of these cases, the modification…Read more
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94Redistribution Without EgalitarianismSocial Philosophy and Policy 1 (1): 71. 1983.I will, in this paper, set out the philosophical foundations and the basic structure of a new theory of justice. I will argue that both these foundations and the theory which is based upon them are intuitively attractive and theoretically sound. Finally, I will argue that both are supported by the fact that they lead to attractive implications such as the following: One can justify at least some governmental redistributive programs which presuppose that those receiving the wealth have a right to…Read more
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