X. Wang

Based on the power basis theory, this study examined the relationship between high-level talents’ perceived overqualification and withdrawal behavior and the mediating role of sense of power. We also analyze the boundary effects of protected values and being trusted. The hypotheses of this study were tested through questionnaires gathered across three phases over 3 months from 371 high-level talents from 6 enterprises, 5 governments, and 13 universities in China. Hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping appraisals showed that: POQ has a positive relationship with withdrawal behavior; sense of power mediates the relationship between overqualification and withdrawal behavior, with high POQ resulting in low perceived power, which then reinforces withdrawal behavior; the negative relationship between POQ and sense of power is stronger for high-level talents with high protected value ; the negative relationship between sense of power and withdrawal behavior is stronger for high-level talents with highly being trusted ; moderated-mediation analyses reveal that the mediating effects of sense of power are stronger for employees with high protected values or being trusted. At the end of this study, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Smartphone addiction behaviors are becoming more and more common with the rapid popularity and widespread use of smartphones. Such behaviors are significantly influenced by the overuse of smartphones before bedtime. In this study, the overuse of smartphones after 9:00 pm before bedtime was investigated by an online questionnaire. The sample consists of 1,035 college students in China. The artificial neural networks were applied to predict the use time of smartphones before bedtime based on their different usages, and the relationship between smartphone usage and additive behaviors was analyzed. The results show that the neural network model can more accurately predict the usage time of smartphones according to the usage of smartphones before going to bed. At the same time, it is also found that the prediction accuracy of the samples that use the smartphone for less than half an hour and more than 3 h before bed is higher than that of other samples. Moreover, watching short videos and playing games are more likely to lead to mobile phone addiction behavior. These findings would help guide college students to correctly use phones and reduce smartphone addition, which is of great significance for mental health education.

This study investigates how national climate policy instruments interact with financial constraints to shape corporate decarbonization, using data on 12,749 domestic and multinational firms across 51 countries from 2005 to 2022. We show that regulatory enforcement and carbon pricing reduce emissions even when firms face capital scarcity, while targeted subsidies have no measurable effect. The impact of regulation depends on institutional context: ESG disclosure requirements and supportive informal norms such as social trust, individualism, and competitiveness amplify effectiveness, whereas strong shareholder rights or uncertainty-averse cultures substitute for regulation and diminish its marginal role. We also uncover ethical risks in global production. Financially constrained multinationals often reallocate emissions to affiliates in weaker jurisdictions rather than invest in abatement, undermining collective climate goals, while firms subject to stringent regulation gain privileged access to global capital, disadvantaging peers in laxer regimes. By integrating institutional theory with business ethics, our findings show that climate accountability is not only a matter of environmental effectiveness but also of justice and fairness. Well-designed and well-enforced policies, aligned with institutional contexts and coordinated internationally, are essential for ensuring that the burdens and benefits of decarbonization are equitably distributed.

China’s involvement in Chile’s transport sector has prompted both optimism and concern about potential risks that such involvement could bring about. Relying on a mixed-method approach encompassing quantitative and qualitative analyses, this chapter explores Chinese investment dynamics in Chile’s transport sector, evaluating its implications for Chile’s economic growth, as well as Latin America’s and China’s. Attention is paid to the relevance of bilateral political and economic engagements, market policies, infrastructure governance, institutional building, and China’s technological prowess for the lasting success of such investments. The chapter argues that China’s investment in and strategy for the Chilean transport sector have potential to satisfy Chile’s requirements and open avenues for economic growth. Moreover, it contends that Chile’s infrastructure governance and institution building efforts help mitigate concerns surrounding Chinese investments, effectively averting the pitfalls associated with potential sovereignty-related debt distress.

The sampling-based motion planner is the mainstream method to solve the motion planning problem in high-dimensional space. In the process of exploring robot configuration space, this type of algorithm needs to perform collision query on a large number of samples, which greatly limits their planning efficiency. Therefore, this paper uses machine learning methods to establish a probabilistic model of the obstacle region in configuration space by learning a large number of labeled samples. Based on this, the high-dimensional samples’ rapid collision query is realized. The influence of number of Gaussian components on the fitting accuracy is analyzed in detail, and a self-adaptive model training method based on Greedy expectation-maximization algorithm is proposed. At the same time, this method has the capability of online updating and can eliminate model fitting errors due to environmental changes. Finally, the model is combined with a variety of sampling-based motion planners and is validated in multiple sets of simulations and real world experiments. The results show that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has significantly improved the planning efficiency.

Despite having established a policy system for Academic misconduct governance, China remains one of the countries with the highest retraction rates in the Physiology and Medicine sector worldwide. To clarify the shifting nature and categorization of Academic misconduct in this field and provide a theoretical basis for the development of standards to promote the governance responsibilities of research institutions we collated 8,823 retracted articles from mainland China between 2000 and 2023. We then conducted classified statistics according to research institution types, geographic affiliation, impact factors, JCR categories, and Academic misconduct definitions. Since 2016, the retraction rate has remained high at 0.3%. We found that educational institutions (EIs) have increasingly taken on a leadership role in scientific research, accounting for 83% (_n_ = 7,293) of retracted articles in China. Elite EIs exhibited significantly lower retraction rates than other EIs, with median retraction rates of 0.12% and 0.39% (_P_ = 0.0003). However, the period between publication and retraction was longer for elite EIs than for other EIs with a median of 1.95 and 1.84 years (_P_.

A nonlinear coupled wing model subject to unknown external disturbances is proposed in this paper. Since the model is modeled by partial differential equations, the traditional control design scheme based on the ordinary differential equation model is not applicable, and the control law design becomes very complex. In this paper, a new antidisturbance boundary control scheme based on a finite time convergent disturbance observer is proposed. The control laws are designed based on the new disturbance observers to make the external disturbance errors converge to zero in a finite time and ensure the uniformly bounded stability of the controlled system. Finally, the effectiveness of the controllers and the finite-time convergence of disturbance errors are verified by the simulation and comparison.

Despite having established a policy system for Academic misconduct governance, China remains one of the countries with the highest retraction rates in the Physiology and Medicine sector worldwide. To clarify the shifting nature and categorization of Academic misconduct in this field and provide a theoretical basis for the development of standards to promote the governance responsibilities of research institutions we collated 8,823 retracted articles from mainland China between 2000 and 2023. We then conducted classified statistics according to research institution types, geographic affiliation, impact factors, JCR categories, and Academic misconduct definitions. Since 2016, the retraction rate has remained high at 0.3%. We found that educational institutions (EIs) have increasingly taken on a leadership role in scientific research, accounting for 83% (n = 7,293) of retracted articles in China. Elite EIs exhibited significantly lower retraction rates than other EIs, with median retraction rates of 0.12% and 0.39% (P = 0.0003). However, the period between publication and retraction was longer for elite EIs than for other EIs with a median of 1.95 and 1.84 years (P < 0.0001). There are significant regional differences in the retraction rates of articles due to Academic misconduct, and the cooperation models of retracted articles exhibit distinct regional characteristics. Scientific distortion (SD) related to Academic misconduct in China exhibited a significant increase from 20% in 2005 to 70% since 2017. These findings suggest that policy regulation and refinement may be a potential tool for Academic misconduct governance. Given the significant disparities between provinces and research institutions, as well as the regional differences in the cooperation models of retracted papers, provincial-level authorities should take the lead in further strengthening the governance responsibilities of institutions. The high rate of SD-related Academic misconduct may significantly undermine trust in China’s scientific research.

Marxist semiotics provides a comprehensive and critical framework for understanding and challenging the contemporary information society’s socioeconomic dynamics. By integrating Marxist theory and semiotics, this paper is to examine how commodities function as both material objects and carriers of meaning, and how digital advancements have intensified phenomena, such as alienated labor and symbolic consumption. Secondary data sources, including case studies and theoretical analyses, are utilized to explore real-world contexts that demonstrate the material and symbolic roles of digital commodities. Currency, as a meta-sign, interprets commodity signs and shapes societal values and relationships. The study addresses the information society, where the production, circulation, exchange and consumption of information form a cohesive trinity of media, intelligence and consumption. The fundamental arguments include the transformation of human survival in the digital age and the need for new academic interpretations, which contributes to both policy and theoretical discussions by bridging the gap between economic production and symbolic consumption. The study concludes with recommendations for further research on the socioeconomic implications of digital technologies.

As it is essential to explore the influence of social communications on transportation routes in tourism, this article aims to examine the impacts of social communications on transportation routes in the field of tourism and to further explore the relationship between tourism destinations and their psychological perceptions. In terms of links between different tourism destinations in space and time dimensions, our empirical analysis draws the following conclusions: the behavior of tourist flow is a mediating variable on the links between tourist psychological perceptions and tour routes; three modes of point-line interaction are presented in the space and time of tourism destinations; and the scenic city’s location, name, and features are important to tourists’ psychological perceptions.

Buddhism Between Religion and Philosophy by Rafal K. Stepien is a spirited take on not only Nāgārjuna but also the modern scholarship surrounding him. Stepien’s main contention is that other scholars, coming from a philosophical background, shy away from “taking Nāgārjuna’s words on their own terms” (p. 64), particularly when Nāgārjuna advocates for the abandonment of all views. Instead, Stepien proposes a way to make sense of such a prescription, which he finds more faithful to Nāgārjuna’s soteriological motivations, even if it goes beyond the strict confines of logic.The introduction, “Emptiness Between the Lines,” identifies two problems with contemporary studies of Nāgārjuna. First, “pronounced emphasis has... Read More.

Background Although the Internet has become an important part of clinical nurses’ professional and personal lives, there are currently no defined indicators to assess the level of cyber ethics literacy of clinical nurses. Research aim This study aims to develop an evaluation index system for evaluating the cyber ethics literacy of clinical nurses. Research design A Delphi study. Participant and research context Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted from March 2024 to May 2024, with 20 experts participating in the first round and 18 experts in the second round. Ethical considerations Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee (No. 2022-0018). Results The degree of expert positivity was 100% and 90%, the coefficients of expert authority were 0.863 and 0.883, and Kendall’s W coefficient were 0.143 and 0.151, respectively ( p

A recent publication in Nature (Cogitate et al. 2025) aimed at enriching the progressive build-up of a valid theory of conscious processing using valuable multicentric experimentation and massive data-sharing open to new analyses (Bryant and Whyte 2025). It is important to stress that several of the analyses reported in this Nature article validate key predictions of the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT) including (i) transient ignition following stimulus onset in the predicted time-window (200-800 ms), (ii) irrespective of stimulus duration and (iii) of stimulus relevance, as well as (iv) decoding of “conscious content in visual, ventrotemporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses […] and content specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas.” In other words, this article confirmed that stimuli that are clearly consciously visible elicit a brain-wide activation and synchronization between sensory areas and prefrontal cortex, even in the absence of task relevance, validating a non-trivial prediction of the GNWT. Also, given that this study only used clearly visible stimuli, it could not test the most central predictions of the GNWT, which tackle the critical contrast between conscious and non-conscious processing. Hence, several conclusions drawn by the authors about GNWT predictions need to be reconsidered.

In accordance with the principle of historical materialism, nature of the property depends primarily on the fact that the actual possession of the property, rather than on their legal ownership first. Accordingly, the Isle of Man from the stock of the "separation of ownership 'departure, the actual property is not recognized joint-stock private property, but" social property ", so they also hopes to achieve socialism in stock. However, the situation at the time, the Isle of Man is sometimes still only legal private ownership of property from the stock starting to think so, sometimes with analysis of private enterprise, "Das Kapital" residual value analysis on the model of joint-stock company, joint-stock property changes on the significant underestimate, even such as the stock is still equivalent to private ownership. According to the principle of materialism, the feature of property first depends on the reality of factual possession of property, but does not first depend on its legal ownership. Hence, from the theory of share holding system of its "separdtion of ownership and manageship" , Marx and Engels considered that the property of share holding system is actually not the private property, but the "public property". They, therefore, put the hope of realizing socialism on the share holding system. But under that situation, Marx and Engels could only consider the problems from the legal private ownership of the property of share holding system by using the theory of surplus values ​​and even regard the share holding system as private ownership

Although sarcasm is commonly used worldwide, little is known about the interpretation of sarcasm in intercultural communications. We conducted an experiment investigating the effect of common ground in intercultural communication by manipulating communicators’ cultural background, with high common ground communicators from the same culture and low common ground communicators from different cultures. Specifically, 201 UK participants and 201 Chinese participants read scenarios describing speakers and recipients from the UK or China. The target comment was either literal or sarcastic criticism. Participants rated the critical comment in terms of how sarcastic, aggressive, amusing, and polite they perceived it to be. Results showed that critical comments made between characters who had low common ground (i.e. UK speaker and Chinese recipient, Chinese speaker and UK recipient) were considered as being more aggressive than those with high common ground (i.e. UK speaker and UK recipient, Chinese speaker and Chinese recipient). Sarcastic criticism, specifically, was viewed as being less amusing when characters had low common ground compared to those with high common ground. The findings have implications for theories developed to explain the social functions of sarcasm, specifically, mutual knowledge shared between communicators plays an important role in sarcasm interpretation in intercultural communications.

By extending the quantifier-free predicate logic (without equality, constant and function symbols) with a bundled modality ∃x□\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\exists x\Box $$\end{document}, which packs the quantifier ∃x\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\exists x$$\end{document} and the modality □\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Box $$\end{document} together, we obtain a fragment of first-order modal logic, namely, ∃□\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\exists \Box $$\end{document}-bundled fragment. In this paper, we prove that the Craig interpolation theorem holds for systems of the ∃□\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\exists \Box $$\end{document}-bundled fragment based on K/D/T/4/S4, while it fails for the system based on S5.

This review examines global human genetic resources management, focusing on genetic data policies and repositories in high- and middle-low-income countries. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including official government websites and Google, to gather relevant literature on human genetic resources management policies and genetic resource databases. Documents were screened for relevance, focusing on high-income countries (United States, United Kingdom, Japan) and middle-low-income countries (China, India, Kenya). Data were extracted, coded, and analyzed to identify common themes and differences in genetic resource management practices. High-income countries benefit from robust legal frameworks and advanced technological infrastructures. The United States enforces the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act to protect privacy and facilitate data sharing, while Japan relies on the Act on the Protection of Personal Information and ethical guidelines. Additionally, high-income countries host a variety of genetic databases and biobanks that support scientific research. In contrast, middle-low-income countries like China, India, and Kenya are still developing their frameworks. China has regulations such as the Biosecurity Law and the Regulations on the Management of Human Genetic Resources, but still requires more unified standards. India’s policies focus on genetic research and data protection through the Biological Diversity Act, while Kenya seeks to improve data management through the 2019 Data Protection Act. Significant disparities exist in human genetic resources management between high-income and middle-low-income countries. High-income countries have robust systems balancing privacy protection with research facilitation, supported by comprehensive and large-scale databases for scientific research. Middle-low-income countries need to enhance legal frameworks and build population-specific databases. Promoting equitable data sharing and adopting best practices from high-income countries are essential for advancing global scientific discovery and ensuring fair management of genetic resources.

This study explores how Macao, a semi-autonomous colonial territory under Portuguese neutrality, governed epidemic crises between 1937 and 1949 through a civic-driven, multi-actor approach. It examines how local responses to epidemics were formulated and sustained amid institutional fragility, political isolation, mass refugee inflows, and in the absence of strong centralized authority. Drawing on 1036 contemporaneous reports from Overseas Chinese News, the study employs procedural grounded theory to inductively reconstruct Macao’s epidemic governance logic. The findings reveal six interrelated strategies: real-time epidemiological monitoring and disclosure, universal compulsory vaccination, cross-institutional and transregional collaboration, grassroots hygiene education, institutionalized civil society participation, and strict quarantine and sanitation enforcement.The study proposes a “Civic-Driven Epidemic Governance Framework under Neutrality”, illustrating how decentralized collaboration, institutional improvisation, and social capital compensated for limited state control. The Macao case offers a historically grounded alternative to state-centric public health models by underscoring the role of civic engagement and cross-border cooperationFinally, it highlights the media’s dual role as a platform for public communication and a driver of social mobilization. These findings contribute to broader debates on resilient, inclusive and adaptive governance in politically fragmented or fragile contexts.

Evidence accumulation has been the core component in recent development of perceptual and value-based decision-making theories. Most studies have focused on the evaluation of evidence between alternative options. What remains largely unknown is the process that prepares evidence: how may the decision-maker sample different sources of information sequentially, if they can only sample one source at a time? Here we propose a normative framework in prescribing how different sources of information should be sampled proactively to facilitate the decision process: beliefs for different noisy sources are updated in a Bayesian manner and participants can proactively allocate resource for sampling (i.e. saccades) among different sources to maximize the information gain in such process. We show that our framework can account for human participants’ actual choice and saccade behaviors in a two-alternative value-based decision-making task. Moreover, our framework makes novel predictions about the empirical eye movement patterns.

A survey study was conducted to look into the effect of Confucian ethics and the psychological foundations of morality on business managers' perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using responses from 393 Chinese managers, we first conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model and then employed hierarchical regression to explore the relationships among Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and managers' shareholder value perspectives. The results indicate that both Confucian ethics and managers' moral foundations had significant influence on shareholder value perspectives. In fact, moral foundations and Confucian ethics interacted and jointly affected managers' positions on the shareholder value model of corporate responsibility. This study demonstrates the importance of psychological foundations of morality to managers' CSR orientations and substantiates the persistent impact of Confucian ethics/cultural traditions on today' business practices.