Lorenzo Peña

This paper develops several insights put forward in the book Republican Studies. It goes into the difference between republicanism as a concept pertaining to legal theory, i.e. a system free from dynastic power, and the political-philosophy trend which currently goes by the same name, also known as `civicism', hinging upon the notion of freedom as non-domination. As against such a view, the value of a classical notion of liberty is maintained. Further grounds to choose a republic rather than a monarchy are analyzed. A Parlamentarian Republic is shown to offer a reasonable balance of powers. International implications of this conception are also sketched out, opening the prospect of a universal republic. Reparations for past grievances are advanced as a means to approach a system of international relations oriented towards a just integration of Planet Earth

La filosofía analítica ha contribuido a esclarecer la cuestión de los dilemas morales, sobre todo gracias a la utilización de la lógica deóntica. Vienen aquí examinados los debates recientes en el seno de dicha corriente filosófica sobre los conflictos de obligaciones.. Se pone de manifiesto cuán difícil es admitir conflictos- morales sin pagar el precio de aceptar contradicciones verdaderas. Pero, a la inversa de lo habitual en quienes sostienen esa tesis, el artículo, en vez de pronunciarse en contra de que haya conflictos morales, trata de mostrar que sí los hay y, a tenor de ello, aboga por el reconocimiento de contradicciones verdaderas en la vida moral. Tales contradicciones pueden entenderse en el marco de una metafísica a la vez gradualista y aspectualista.

Orayen proposes some kind of intensional approach in philosophy of logic, with meanings playing a central role in implementing the notion of logical truth. Orayen regards Quine as his main interlocutor. The major topic gone into through the book is logical form, validity and logical truth. As an outgrowth, Quine's operationalist view of language receives an extensive coverage and discussion. The investigation into the notion of logical truth and validity leads to a critical assessment of the relevantist challenge to the classical conception. This critical notice casts doubt on Orayen's defence of analyticity as a requirement for logical truth