Lorenzo Peña

Introductory Remarks Why Paradigm Variation is Ensuant upon Contradiction How Externalistic Warrant Parries the Threat of [Truth] Relativism Why Not to Ward Relativism off by Means of Foundationalistic Justification Defending a relativistic View of Warrant A Transcendental Argument against [Truth] Relativism Towards [Partial] convergence A Gradualistic Paraconsistent Way to Convergence 7.1. - Perspectivism and Non Copulative Paraconsistent Logics 7.2. - The Strength and Weakness of Two Copulative Approaches to Paraconsistent Logic 7.3. - The Logic of Contradictorial Gradualism 7.4. - Implementing the Notion of Relative Truth Bibliographic References..

Hay dos tipos de bienes y derechos: de bienestar y de libertad. Los primeros, irrenunciables, acarrean deberes positivos, de dar o hacer. Los derechos de libertad, en cambio, sólo imponen a otros deberes negativos, dejando a su titular libre para ejercerlos o no según quiera. Sostenemos que el derecho a la vida es un derecho de libertad. De ahí se sigue que no es obligatorio aceptar el don de la vida salvo cuando el ordenamiento permite a los progenitores presumir el futuro consentimiento retroactivo del nuevo ser humano por nacer. Cuando las circunstancias hagan irrazonable tal presunción, es ilícita toda acción causal que contribuya a ese nacimiento salvo únicamente la acción voluntaria y libre de la madre de no abortar —por ser ése un derecho suyo. Matizamos nuestra teoría y la articulamos en un enfoque gradualista que da cuenta de la existencia de conflictos jurídicos

In his 1686 essay GI Leibniz undertook to reduce sentences to noun-phrases, truth to being. Such a reduction arose from his equating proof with conceptual analysis. Within limits Leibniz’s logical calculus provides a reasonable way of surmounting the dichotomy, thus allowing a reduction of hypothetical to categorical statements. However it yields the disastrous result that, whenever A is possible and so is B, there can be an entity being both A and B. Yet, Leibniz was in the GI the forerunner of 20th century combinatory logic, which (successfully!) practices - sometimes for reasons not entirely unlike Leibniz’s own grounds - reductions of the same kinds he tried to carry out.

This paper develops several insights put forward in the book Republican Studies. It goes into the difference between republicanism as a concept pertaining to legal theory, i.e. a system free from dynastic power, and the political-philosophy trend which currently goes by the same name, also known as `civicism', hinging upon the notion of freedom as non-domination. As against such a view, the value of a classical notion of liberty is maintained. Further grounds to choose a republic rather than a monarchy are analyzed. A Parlamentarian Republic is shown to offer a reasonable balance of powers. International implications of this conception are also sketched out, opening the prospect of a universal republic. Reparations for past grievances are advanced as a means to approach a system of international relations oriented towards a just integration of Planet Earth

Es tarea de todos aplicar una ley, o sea realizar y ejecutar aquellos actos jurídicos y hechos prácticos que desembocan en su cumplimiento o lo constituyen. Se aplica una norma de carácter implicativo cuando, ante la existencia de un supuesto de hecho previsto en ella, se concluye la obligación contenida en su consecuencia jurídica, actuándose de conformidad con ello. Eso es incompatible con la separación de lo normativo y lo fáctico, propia del normativismo de Kelsen. Y es que hay situaciones jurídicas que es imposible que se den cuando suceden ciertos hechos. El cambio de paradigma requerido para entender el hecho jurídico pasa por adoptar una lógica jurídica totalmente diferente de la lógica deóntica estándar

¿Están comprendidos los extranjeros en el ámbito de aplicación de los derechos y deberes fundamentales estipulados por las constituciones modernas? Lamentablemente, no. Ha habido, a lo largo de la historia, progresos y retrocesos en la conciencia jurídica de los derechos migratorios. Hoy tienden a establecerse cláusulas de libre circulación en los espacios de integración económica, al paso que, de manera general , viene prohibida la inmigración del sur al norte. Esa orientación actual es injusta. Ni se atiene a un principio de justicia natural ni respeta la tradición jurídica . Es dudoso que tengan los estados derecho a prohibir la inmigración foránea. Menos aún es admisible que se considere un delito el auxilio a la inmigración no autorizada. Frente a los criterios hoy imperantes, este artículo formula la propuesta de reconocer el derecho universal humano de migración por todo el Planeta

Three (apparent ) deontic antinomies are discussed: the paradoxes of the watchman and the praiser, as weIl as deontic dilemmas. A paraconsistent deontic logic, Ad, is put forward whose underlying 1st-order calculus is an infinite-valued tensorial logic. Several arguments are offered bearing out be existence of deontic contradictions, while two ways of dealing with conditional obligation paradoxes within the framework of Ad are canvassed. While the aggregation rule and the ought-implies-can principle are upheld, sundry schemata are shown not to obtain which involve iterated deontic operators (most conspicuously: that whatever ought to be obligatory is obligatory; and that it is obligatory that whatever ought to be the case should in fact be the case).

Phonemes are minimal segments within the spoken message whose presence is relevant for distinguishing one message from a different one with another meaning. Each phoneme underlies different phonetic realizations. What sets a phoneme from another is fuzzy cluster of the fuzzy features. Thus the study of phonemic structures is likely to have much to gain from a gradualistic approach. Through a gradualistic treatment synchronic phonology could tally with the diachronic study in a simpler way than is customary. In this connection, an obstacle to be overcome is a widespread adherence to classical logic.