Jose Garcia

Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo sobre el método utilizado por Cornelio a Lapide. En primer lugar, ver cómo ha realizado su método. Él lo definió del siguiente modo: dar solidez, brevedad, método y claridad máxima al sentido auténtico y literal de sus comentarios al dato bíblico. Nos proponemos descubrir y mostrar no sólo el método reflejo de Cornelio a Lapide, sino además ver si el método se atiene a su propio objetivo, o bien si él en el desarrollo de su propia exégesis ha modificado o introducido otros criterios que no han sido expresados en el objetivo. No solo valoramos los criterios sino también la forma de ejecutarlos. En segundo lugar, ver qué valor toma dentro del método toda la reflexión teológica. Nos preguntaremos por el método teológico que emerge de sus comentarios.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) enables business consolidation, combined with the production of positive impact and improvements in society. Aligned with 2030 Agenda for the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, it is important to clarify the role of social entrepreneurs, as they are making visible the impact of their creative ideas in several areas, from civic engagement to the environment, health and learning. The main purpose of this study is to specify a model of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) and explore it by country, based on the dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behavior and how these are mediated by spirituality and optimism. With a convenience sample of 1476 Portuguese and Spanish students, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. For a deeply understanding, variables within the model were compared by country usingt-rest, and multivariate analysis was done by each one separately. The mean comparison between countries, demonstrated that there are differences only between perceived behavioral control (PBC), Spirituality, Optimism and SEI, with Portuguese students scoring the highest values, in all variables except Optimism. A mediation path was carried out, and Spirituality mediate a significant effect between the three TPB dimensions in Portuguese students, but not in students from Spain. Finally, after discussing the results, theoretical and practical contributions are analyzed, with regard to the field of SE in Portugal and Spain, and alternatives are pointed out for a more social and sustainable entrepreneurial future.

Desde que su mentor, Norberto Bobbio, le encargara la traducción de la segunda edición de la Teoría pura del derecho, la carrera de Mario G. Losano ha sido tan larga como polifacética. En esta entrevista, conversamos sobre su formación y sobre el contexto cultural que envolvió el inicio de su carrera académica en Italia. Posteriormente, nos centramos en dos de los principales temas de su producción académica. Por un lado, profundizamos en sus estudios kelsenianos, destacando el enfoque histórico que caracteriza su aproximación a los problemas iusfilosóficos. Y, por otro lado, abordamos el asunto de los orígenes y el desarrollo de la informática jurídica, de la cual el profesor Losano ha sido un destacado precursor.

RESUMENEl artículo propone una definición esencial del arte como símbolo. Plantea que la filosofía del arte no puede renunciar a preguntarse qué es lo que hace que algo sea arte, ni contentarse con una respuesta de tipo externalista. Discute en esa línea la definición histórica de N. Carroll. Formula unas condiciones básicas del simbolismo y busca caracterizar lo que hay de específico en el símbolo artístico, lo que lo diferencia de los otros símbolos. Se enfrenta a las críticas al simbolismo que actualmente se dan en ciertas teorías y prácticas artísticas.PALABRAS CLAVEDEFINICIÓN ESENCIALISTA. DEFINICIÓN HISTÓRICA. SIMBOLISMO. REPRESENTACIÓN.ABSTRACTThis article proposes an essential definition of art as symbol. The autor holds that the philosophy of art cannot give up the question about what is it that determines that something is to be considered as art and neither can be satisfied with an answer of an externalist type. This is why the historic definition of N.Caroll is discussed. The author establishes the basic conditions of symbolism and seeks to characterize the specific traits of the artistic symbol, which differentiates it from the other symbols. He faces the critics to symbolism which nowadays can be found in certain theories and artistic practices.KEY WORDSESSENTIALIST DEFINITION, HISTORIC DEFINITION, SYMBOLISM, REPRESENTATION.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. People who have this disorder are characterized by presenting difficulties in the processes of sustained attention, being very active, and having poor control of their impulses. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder and the existence of various tests used for its diagnosis, few data are available regarding the usefulness and diagnostic validity of these tools. Given the difficulties that these subjects present in executive functions, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions battery for Children allows to establish specific profiles of executive performance for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The sample was made up of 197 participants of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years age. A nonexperimental design was followed, using a comparative descriptive study method. The results indicated that the scales of phonological fluency, color path, rings, and interference are the most associated with the diagnosis of ADHD, providing data on inhibition, mental flexibility, sustained and selective attention, planning, verbal fluency, and working memory, among others. The practical implication of these results is in line with providing support in the clinical diagnosis that is carried out in children’s mental health units. In addition, the ENFEN tool can be valued as a suitable psychometric instrument in the psychoeducational field, helping professionals in a school environment to be more aware of the areas of cognitive development in which a student diagnosed with ADHD will have more difficulties and, in doing so, providing more adjusted and effective psychopedagogical measures when it comes to supporting students in their adaptation to the school environment.

En el presente artí- culo abordamos la situación sociohistórica subyacente a 1 Clemente y basándonos en los estudios socioló- gicos sobre 1 Cor, en particular los de G. Theissen, demostramos cómo 1 Clem. 3, 3 describe el conflicto de Corinto en categorías esencialmente socio-económicas, considerando que el motivo que propició la revuelta obedece básicamente al enfrentamiento entre grupos de distinto estatus para alcanzar el liderazgo y evitar la vergüenza. Ello indica que Clemente presenta el conflicto como una lucha de poder para conseguir el prestigio social, en un mundo estrechamente marcado por la cultura del honor y la institución del patronazgo.

In recent years, the study of women entrepreneurship has experienced great growth, gaining a broad consensus among academics and contributing above all to understanding all those factors that explain the difficulty of women in undertaking an entrepreneurial career. This document tries to contribute to the field of study, thanks to a systematic analysis through the publications present in the topic. For this purpose, 2,848 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed, published between 1950 and 2019, using the Scopus database (SCImago Research Group). Through the use of a series of bibliometric indicators it was possible to define the current state of research on the international scene. The analysis revealed that it is a multidisciplinary field of study and that has started to expand further since 2006, culminating in 2019, which makes it become a current and valid object of study. The analysis of the clusters allowed to isolate 6 different lines of research in which emerged, on the one hand, the importance of entrepreneurial education, social entrepreneurship and the socio-cultural context of reference (e.g. culture, family and institutional support) as tools to overcome the gender gap, on the other, the importance that women entrepreneurship assumes in the economic growth of the country (especially in developing economies), promoting social inclusion and combating poverty and discrimination. The study presents an important contribution to reflect on current policies and to outline future lines of investigation.

This work begins by proposing the need for exploring the mode of being of mental disorders. It is a philosophical study in an Aristotelian perspective, with special emphasis on the anthropological–cultural dimension. It is difficult for such an inquiry to be carried out from within psychiatry or clinical psychology, committed as these fields are to their own logic and practical conditions. The issues are, in any case, more ontological than strictly clinical in nature. We therefore turn to Aristotle, and specifically his doctrine of the four “causes,” to flesh out the social and cultural dimensions of mental disorders. In accordance with the present analysis, the material cause of disorders would be found in the contingencies of life; the formal cause would pertain primarily to the way clinical conditions themselves can serve as models of ‘being ill’ in our society; the efficient cause would correspond to the patients themselves, understood as active (albeit less than fully conscious) agents as well as to the pharmaceutical industry and the mass media; the final cause would be found in different adaptive functions served by the disorder. We conclude that the “mode of being” of most (if not all) mental disorders—in particular, their status as mental disorders—can often have more to do with cultural forms than with biological factors.

El artículo se propone mostrar que las concepciones semántica y pragmática del significado, asumidas por Heidegger y Merleau-Ponty, respectivamente, dan lugar a interpretaciones disímiles de la diferencia la política-lo político, de gran difusión en el pensamiento contemporáneo. La tesis es que Heidegger y la llamada izquierda heideggeriana, Lacoue-Labarthe, Nancy, asumiendo la prevalencia epocal del inicio ontológico occidental, se comprometen con una concepción semántica, en último término esencialista. La historia de Occidente queda orientada por una metafísica identificada con la tecnología, con lo que, por una parte, la libertad subjetiva moderna y los derechos a los que da lugar quedan traslapados por aquella, y por otra, la política y lo político quedan escindidos y la primera es impotente para alterar lo segundo. Según la pragmática, sustentada entre otros por Merleau-Ponty, el significado no está dado por una previa apertura de mundo sino que va siendo establecido por un sentido inmanente a las prácticas, las cuales tienen el poder de abrir mundo. La filosofía, en este enfoque, tiene por tarea sustituir el sentido latente de las prácticas por un sentido manifiesto. En esa línea, Claude Lefort sostiene una concepción no esencialista de lo político, enfatiza la novedad de la democracia moderna y la relevancia de los derechos humanos.

Introducción. En este artículo abordamos la noción heideggeriana de “preciencia”, puesto que se trata de conocer y pensar la incidencia de las características del existente en su actividad. Antes de todo está la existencia, que es condición de posibilidad para toda disciplina. El tiempo, que determina a la existencia, se va a convertir en el fenómeno radical que define al ser humano como Dasein. Este es el término dado al sujeto de la “preciencia” y que traduciremos por Extar, pues creemos que así se puede entender mejor un pensar caracterizado por la finitud. Metodología. Hemos elaborado este trabajo mediante un análisis hermenéutico de carácter genealógico fundado en el despliegue de la eseidad. Resultados y conclusiones. El tiempo no es un tema científico sino precientífico. Por tanto, es la ontología, y no la ciencia, la que se ocupa de él. No es un fenómeno de la física sino un fenómeno afectivo.

This book is devoted to discussion of the views of Pierre Musso and starts with a central chapter written by Musso, entitled Network Ideology: from Saint-Simonianism to the Internet. Pierre Musso is a French philosopher and is one of the most original thinkers in the history of the network society. His thought develops a critique of information and communication technologies through their imaginary and social representations and of the information society, based on the network metaphor. The main question on which Musso has focused his attention is how the network metaphor is one of the most powerful ways of understanding the complex societies in which we live. Showing characteristic attention to detail, and drawing on the history of ideas, political philosophy and sociology, Musso traces the genealogy of the network imaginary, and points out that it did not emerge with the Internet. He shows how its modern roots can be found in Henri de Saint-Simon and his disciples, engineers and entrepreneurs such as Michel de Chevalier, and Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin, who developed channel networks, railroads, and the telegraphic network in France in the nineteenth century. In addition to the central piece written by Musso, the book includes a general introduction and six commentaries from experts on information technologies and networks. It displays a wide range of perspectives from a diverse set of authors in terms of nationalities and universities, as well as disciplinary backgrounds.

One of the most original philosophers to have addressed the world of information and computing technology in his writings, the Frenchman Pierre Musso, took a degree in Philosophy at the École Nationale Supérieure des Postes et Télécommunications, before obtaining a doctorate in Political Science at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Musso is professor of Information and Communication Sciences at the University of Rennes 2 and at Télécom Paris Tech. The technical network is the key topic and concept in his critical approach to information and communication technologies. Musso has carried out in-depth research on the dissemination and prevalence of networked power, not only in its instrumental aspects, but also and above all in its cultural and political aspects, adopting an approach involving a multidisciplinary dialogue. Musso’s research looks to history, the philosophy of technology and the social sciences in his search for the origins of the idea of the network. He argues that the concept did not arise with the Internet, but has its roots in the ideas – or perhaps it would be more accurate to say in the plans – of Henri Saint-Simon and his disciples who became high priests of industrial development, Saint-Amand Bazard, Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin, and Michel Chevalier, among others. In addition to this introduction, this book brings together various researchers' contributions on Musso's theories, and the final chapter contains his brief comments on those contributions.

Reflexión sobre la validez contemporánea de los estudios políticos descriptivos, desarrollados y difundidos por la ciencia política, disciplina en la que los politólogos anglo-americanos ocupan un lugar de privilegio. Considerando a Giovanni Sartori como el más importante propagador de estas teorías en la Europa continental, la metodología y las propuestas prácticas de su famoso ensayo The Theory of Democracy son contrastadas, por un lado, con los principales críticas que Adorno plantea al descriptivismo; por otro, con los argumentos con los que la realidad misma se enfrenta a su descripción putativa

El archivo fundamental de la filosofía posthusserliana está marcado por Sein und Zeit, L´être et le néant y la Phénoménologie de la perception, la obra de Merleau-Ponty que aborda en su parte última el problema de la intersubjetividad a partir de una particular concepción del cuerpo, entendido como «obra de arte». Sin embargo, el fundamento que se desarrolla en la obra del 45 está ceñida a la intersubjetividad actual en sus dimensiones socio-políticas. El presente artículo analiza las obras posteriores de Merleau-Ponty, que se desplazan desde la consideración de la relación entre Percepción y vida cotidiana hasta el tratamiento de la esfera estético-pictórica para desarrollar una teoría de la Visión que debe ser comprendida como un complemento de la teoría de la Percepción y que vendría a proponer una fundamento que transciende la inmediatez para situar en la relación pasado-presente la culminación de la teoría de la Intersubjetividad