Jose Garcia

Este texto se inscribe en una copiosa tradición bibliográfica que ha buscado los puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre las figuras fenomenológicas más importantes del siglo XX: Husserl y Heidegger. De esta forma, y partiendo de las bases crítica que supone la irrupción pública del proyecto de la ciencia originaria heideggeriana en 1919, me propongo, en primer lugar, repasar la crítica de Heidegger a la historia de la filosofía, la cual, a su juicio, ha cometido el pecado original de ser teórica; y, en esa línea, cómo dicha teorización se ha visto, principalmente, en la absolutización de la percepción al momento de describir la relación originaria entre el ser humano y el mundo. Este hilo crítico, aunque no sea explícito, llega hasta las canteras de Husserl. Frente a esto, en segundo lugar, ensayo una posible respuesta a dicha crítica a la luz del descubrimiento husserliano del flujo absoluto, el cual podemos extraer de las Lecciones sobre la conciencia interna del tiempo.

The dissertation is a study of Berkeley's ideas on mathematics in which an evaluation is made of their merit and of their possible relevance to present day studies on the subject. ;The study is divided in five chapters and four appendices, in which the following subjects are discussed: Berkeley's arguments against infinite divisibility; his ideas on arithmetic and algebra, plus an appendix on the several views on numbers held by philosophers and mathematicians contemporaneous to or of about Berkeley's time. A third chapter deals with Berkeley's ideas on geometry; I add two appendices: one on Berkeley and the Pythagoreans, where I consider with some detail problems which arise within Berkeley's perceptual geometry and irrational magnitudes; the second one, on Berkeley and Epicurus on minima, where I argue that Berkeleyan minima have to be extended, and I show that this view was held also by Epicurus, whom I take as a strong influence on Berkeley's thought. Chapter four is a schematic survey of the historical of the calculus, from its Greek origins to the eighteenth century, underlining the several methods used by the mathematicians to obtain their results, methods which will come under attack in Berkeley's Analyst. Finally, in chapter five I study Berkeley's attack to the foundations of the calculus as is put forth in The Analyst. I conclude the dissertation with a brief appendix on A. Robinson's work on infinitesimals, which sheds light both on why infinitesimals were so useful to XVIIth and XVIIIth century mathematicians, and why they were so difficult to be subjected to a systematic treatment by means of the mathematical tools then available. ;My overall appraisal of Berkeley's work is not uniform: there are points where he was ahead of his time, in his views on arithmetic and algebra; at other points, in geometry, say, he did not have a clear view of what was the aim of the mathematicians. As regards the calculus, I consider his criticism pointed in the right direction and was an important element in moving the mathematicians to look for sounder foundations for their discipline.

Este trabajo es una reflexión teórica con evidencias empíricas sobre los sueños o las ensoñaciones —o composiciones oníricas, como las llamaba Freud— a partir de la investigación “El papel de la conciencia en las experiencias oníricas. En este artículo se busca en primera instancia una descripción desde diferentes autores que han aportado a la fenomenología de los sueños; luego se plantea una reflexión que apunta a defender el ser-en-los-sueños. Posteriormente, se presenta la caracterización sobre el mundo de los sueños como una alternativa del mundo de la vida de Husserl y, por último, se evidencia las descripciones con algunos sueños que se han tomado de la investigación de origen, para culminar con algunos enunciados conclusivos que han de continuar fortaleciendo la fenomenología de los sueños.

The aim of the article is to provide a research result to support the process of consensual and collegiate decision-making in order to mix study models in undergraduate degree courses and postgraduate projects in higher education. The deductive method was used as a starting point and a mixed phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was applied for the methodological design, based on the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques, for which a sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students was selected from the active student population in the year 2021. A structured survey was applied as a technique and a nominal scale was used to collect and analyse the data, which made it possible to determine the students' preferences according to the face-to-face or virtual modality, as well as the incidence of the mixture of both modalities for learning. The results of the research show that undergraduate students show a preference for the face-to-face modality, while postgraduate students prefer the virtual modality. From the examination of the problem, the analysis of the theoretical framework and the applied methodology, it is concluded that the results of the research can help in the process of collegiate decision making by the management agents of higher education institutions, to adequately dose the time load of the face-to-face or virtual modalities, as appropriate to the degree courses and projects.

This paper expounds a symbolic interactionist theory of consciousness as an emergent phenomenon. It relates Michael Arbib's theory of the origin of language and Erving Goffman's frame analysis, especially as it bears on our understanding of the subject and of personal experience. Reflexivity and fictional mimesis are shown to be inherent to the origin of language and to the continuing emergent creativity of human communicative action. The emergent aspect of consciousness is also dealt with from the perspective of a narrative theory of subjective experience and of human temporality which can usefully complement and relate Arbib's and Goffman's views.

Fundamental records of Post-Husserlian Philosophy are highlighted by Sein und Zeit, Lʼêtre et le néant and the Phénoménologie de la perception, the work by Merleau-Ponty that deals with the problem of intersubjectvity, starting from a very particular concept of the body understood as «a work of art». However, the reasoning developed in his work of 1945 is about the sociopolitical dimensions of present intersubjectivity. This article carries out the analysis of later works by Merleau-Ponty, in which he studies the relationship between Perception and everyday life to continue with the consideration of the aesthetic and pictorial sphere in order to develop a theory of Vision that has to be understood as a complement to the theory of Perception. This theory would be the ground to transcend the contingency and locate the relationship present-past as the final step of the theory of Intersubjectivity