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92Socially Naturalized Norms of Epistemic Rationality: Aggregation and DeliberationSouthern Journal of Philosophy 44 (S1): 43-48. 2006.In response to those who see rational deliberation as a source of epistemic norms and a model for well-functioning scientific inquiry, Solomon cites evidence that aggregative techniques often yield better results; deliberative processes are vulnerable to biasing mechanisms that impoverish the epistemic resources on which group judgments are based. I argue that aggregative techniques are similarly vulnerable and illustrate this in terms of the impact of gender schemas on both individual and colle…Read more
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276Community-Based Collaborative ArchaeologyIn Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds.), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction, Oxford University Press. pp. 68-82. 2014.I focus here on archaeologists who work with Indigenous descendant communities in North America and address two key questions raised by their practice about the advantages of situated inquiry. First, what exactly are the benefits of collaborative practice—what does it contribute, in this case to archaeology? And, second, what is the philosophical rationale for collaborative practice? Why is it that, counter-intuitively for many, collaborative practice has the capacity to improve archaeology in i…Read more
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601Feminist perspectives on scienceStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2010.**No longer the current version available on SEP; see revised version by Sharon Crasnow** Feminists have a number of distinct interests in, and perspectives on, science. The tools of science have been a crucial resource for understanding the nature, impact, and prospects for changing gender-based forms of oppression; in this spirit, feminists actively draw on, and contribute to, the research programs of a wide range of sciences. At the same time, feminists have identified the sciences as a sour…Read more
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9Review of Women in Prehistory by Margaret Ehrenberg, and Women in Roman Britain by Lindsay Allason-JonesJournal of Field Archaeology 18 (4): 501-507. 1991.
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Agnotology in/of ArchaeologyIn R. Proctor & L. Londa Schiebinger (eds.), Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance, Stanford University Press. pp. 183-205. 2008.
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ForewordIn Kurt E. Dongoske, Mark Aldenderfer & Karen Doehner (eds.), Working Together: Native Americans and Archaeologists, Society For American Archaeology. 2000.
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4Reasoning About Ourselves: Feminist Methodology in the Social SciencesIn Elizabeth D. Harvey & Kathleen Okruhlik (eds.), Women and Reason, . pp. 225-244. 1992.
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18An Analogy by Any Other Name is Just as Analogical: A Commentary on the Gould-Watson Dialogue,Anthropological Archaeology 1 382-401. 1982.
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1025Unification and Convergence in Archaeological Explanation: The Agricultural “Wave-of-Advance” and the Origins of Indo-European LanguagesSouthern Journal of Philosophy 34 (S1): 1-30. 1996.Given the diversity of explanatory practices that is typical of the sciences a healthy pluralism would seem to be desirable where theories of explanation are concerned. Nevertheless, I argue that explanations are only unifying in Kitcher's unificationist sense if they are backed by the kind of understanding of underlying mechanisms, dispositions, constitutions, and dependencies that is central to a causalist account of explanation. This case can be made through analysis of Kitcher's account of t…Read more
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2Philosophical Feminism: A Bibliographic Guide to Critiques of ScienceResources for Feminist Research 19 (2): 2-36. 1990.
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107Introduction: Special Issue on Feminist Science StudiesHypatia 19 (1). 2004.Feminist analyses of science have grown dramatically in scope, diversity, and impact in the years since Nancy Tuana edited the two-volume issue of Hypatia on “Feminism and Science” (Fall 1987, Spring 1988). What had begun in the 1960s and 1970s as a “trickle of scholarship on feminism and science” had widened by the mid-1980s “into a continuous stream” (Rosser 1987, 5). Fifteen years later, the stream has become something of a torrent. The essays assembled for this special issue of Hypatia repre…Read more
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13The Integrity of Narratives: Epistemic Constraints on MultivocalityIn Junko Habu, Clare Fawcett & John Matsunaga (eds.), Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationality, Colonialist, Imperialist Archaeologies, Springer. pp. 201-212. 2008.
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3Doing Social Science as a Feminist: The Engendering of ArchaeologyIn Angela N. H. Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck & Londa Schiebinger (eds.), Feminism in Twentieth Century Science, Technology, and Medicine, University of Chicago Press. pp. 23-45. 2001.
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2Moderate Relativism/Political ObjectivismIn Ronald F. Williamson & Michael S. Bisson (eds.), The Archaeology of Bruce Trigger: Theoretical Empiricism, Mcgill-queens University Press. pp. 25-35. 2006.
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1The Constitution of Archaeological Evidence: Gender Politics and ScienceIn Peter Galison & David J. Stump (eds.), The Disunity of Science: Boundaries, Contexts, and Power, Stanford University Press. pp. 311-343. 1996.
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10Gender Theory and the Archaeological RecordIn Margaret Wright Conkey & Joan M. Gero (eds.), Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory : Conference Entitled "Women and Production in Prehistory" : Papers, . pp. 31-54. 1991.
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68‘Simple’ analogy and the role of relevance assumptions: Implications of archaeological practiceInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science 2 (2). 1988.There is deep ambivalence about analogy, both as an object of philosophical fascination and in contexts of practice, like archaeology, where it plays a seemingly central role. In archaeology there has been continuous vacillation between outright rejection of analogical inference as overtly speculative, even systematically misleading, and, when this proves un-tenable, various stock strategies for putting it 'on a firmer foundation'. Frequently these last are accomplished by assimilating analogy t…Read more
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A Proliferation of New Archaeologies: Skepticism, Processualism, and Post-ProcessualismIn Norman Yoffee & Andrew Sherratt (eds.), Archaeological Theory: Who Sets the Agenda?, Cambridge University Press. pp. 20-26. 1993.
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Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of ScienceIn Kang Ouyang & Steve Fuller (eds.), Contemporary British and American Philosophy and Philosophers, People's Press. 2002.
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49Rethinking objectivity: Nozick's neglected third optionInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science 14 (1). 2000.
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An Expanded Behavioral Archaeology: Transformation and Redefinition Twenty Years OnIn James M. Skibo, William H. Walker & Axel E. Nielsen (eds.), Expanding Archaeology: A Behavioral Approach to the Archaeological Record, University of Utah Press. pp. 198-209. 1995.
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736Women in Philosophy: The Costs of Exclusion—Editor's IntroductionHypatia 26 (2): 374-382. 2011.Philosophy has the dubious distinction of attracting and retaining proportionally fewer women than any other field in the humanities, indeed, fewer than in all but the most resolutely male-dominated of the sciences. This short article introduces a thematic cluster that brings together five short essays that probe the reasons for and the effects of these patterns of exclusion, not just of women but of diverse peoples of all kinds in Philosophy. It summarizes some of the demographic measures of ex…Read more
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Philosophy of ArchaeologyIn Edward Craig (ed.), The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge. pp. 354-359. 1998.
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10On "Heavily Decomposing Red Herrings": Scientific Methodology in Archaeology and the Ladening of Evidence with TheoryIn Lester Embree (ed.), Metaarchaeology: Reflections by Archaeologists and Philosophers, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. pp. 269-288. 1992.Internal debates over the status and aims of archaeology—between processualists and post or anti-processualists—have been so sharply adversarial, and have generated such sharply polarized positions, that they obscure much common ground. Despite strong rhetorical opposition, in practice, all employ a range of strategies for building and assessing the empirical credibility of their claims that reveals a common commitment to some form of mitigated objectivism. To articulate what this comes to, an a…Read more
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33The Philosophy of Ambivalence: Sandra Harding onThe Science Question in FeminismCanadian Journal of Philosophy 17 (sup1): 58-73. 1987.In the past three decades scholars in virtually every humanistic and social scientific research discipline, and in some natural sciences, have drawn attention to quite striking instances of gender bias in the modes of practice and theorizing typical of traditional fields of research. They generally begin by identifying explicit androcentric biases in definitions of the subject domains appropriate to specific scientific fields. Their primary targets, in this connection, have been research that le…Read more
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33Epistemological Issues Raised by a Structuralist ArchaeologyIn Ian Hodder (ed.), Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, Cambridge University Press. pp. 39-46. 1982.Insofar as the material residues of interest to archaeologists are cultural and, as such, have specifically symbolic significance, it is argued that archaeology must employ some form of structuralist analysis (i.e. as specifically concerned with this aspect of the material). Wylie examines the prevalent notion that such analysis is inevitably 'unscientific' because it deals with a dimension of material culture which is inaccessible of any direct, empirical investigation, and argues that this res…Read more
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13On Scepticism, Philosophy, and Archaeological ScienceCurrent Anthropology 33 (2): 209-214. 1992.
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31Testing Scientific Theories, John Earman (Ed.): Explaining Confirmation Practice:Testing Scientific Theories John EarmanPhilosophy of Science 55 (2): 292-. 1988.The contributions to Testing Scientific Theories are unified by an in-terest in responding to criticisms directed by Glymour against existing models of confirmation—chiefly H-D and Bayesian schemas—and in assessing and correcting the "bootstrap" model of confirmation that he proposed as an alternative in Theory and Evidence (1980). As such, they provide a representative sample of objections to Glymour's model and of the wide range of new initiatives in thinking about scientific confirmation that…Read more
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