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70Calculus CL as a Formal SystemIn Ahti Veikko Pietarinen, Peter Chapman, Leonie Bosveld-de Smet, Valeria Giardino, James Corter & Sven Linker (eds.), Diagrammatic Representation and Inference. Diagrams 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12169. 2020., . pp. 445-460. 2020.In recent years CL diagrams inspired by Lange’s Cubus Logicus have been used in various contexts of diagrammatic reasoning. However, whether CL diagrams can also be used as a formal system seemed questionable. We present a CL diagram as a formal system, which is a fragment of propositional logic. Syntax and semantics are presented separately and a variant of bitstring semantics is applied to prove soundness and completeness of the system.
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26Functions, Malfunctioning, and Negative CausationIn Antonio Piccolomini D’Aragona, Martin Carrier, Roger Deulofeu, Axel Gelfert, Jens Harbecke, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Lara Huber, Peter Hucklenbroich, Ludger Jansen, Elizaveta Kostrova, Keizo Matsubara, Anne Sophie Meincke, Andrea Reichenberger, Kian Salimkhani & Javier Suárez (eds.), Philosophy of Science: Between the Natural Sciences, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities, Springer Verlag. pp. 117-135. 2018.Functional explanations apply not only in cases of normal functioning, but also in the case of malfunctioning. According to a straightforward analysis, a bearer of the function to F is malfunctioning if and only if it does not F although it should do so. This makes malfunctions and malfunctionings analogous to negative causation and thus peculiarly problematic, because they seem to involve absent dispositions and absent processes. This analysis seems also to require that the function to F cannot…Read more
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28Philosophy 101 in the alexandrian school, fifth century ad - (m.) chase (trans.) Ammonius: Interpretation of Porphyry's introduction to Aristotle's five terms. Pp. VIII + 200. London and new York: Bloomsbury academic, 2020. Cased, £85. Isbn: 978-1-350-08922-8 (review)The Classical Review 70 (2): 360-362. 2020.
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84Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Formal Causation (edited book)Routledge. 2021.Introducing formal causation / Ludger Jansen and Petter Sandstad -- Form, intention, information : from scholastic logic to artificial intelligence / Gyula Klima -- Formal causation : accidental and substantial / David S. Oderberg -- A non-hylomorphic account of formal causation / Petter Sandstad and Ludger Jansen -- Formal causes for powers theorists / Giacomo Giannini and Stephen Mumford -- Away with dispositional essences in trope theory / Jani Hakkarainen and Markku Keinänen -- Functional po…Read more
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10Aristoteles’ Kategorie des Relativen zwischen Dialektik und OntologieHistory of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 9 (1): 79-104. 2006.
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8Niko Strobach: The Moment of Change. A Systematic History in the Philosophy of Space and TimeHistory of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 4 (1): 205-211. 2001.
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52Functions and Kinds of Art Works and Other ArtifactsGrazer Philosophische Studien 96 (1): 1-18. 2019.Currently, there is not yet a full-fledged philosophical sub-discipline devoted to artifacts. In order to establish such a general philosophical discourse on artifacts, two topics are of special importance: artifact functionality and artifact categorization. Both are central to the question of what artifacts are in general and in particular. This introduction first presents the current state of the art in the debates on functions, both in general and in the domain of artifacts in particular. It …Read more
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52Philosophy of Science: Between the Natural Sciences, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities (edited book)Springer Verlag. 2018.This broad and insightful book presents current scholarship in important subfields of philosophy of science and addresses an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary readership. It groups carefully selected contributions into the four fields of I) philosophy of physics, II) philosophy of life sciences, III) philosophy of social sciences and values in science, and IV) philosophy of mathematics and formal modeling. Readers will discover research papers by Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Keizo Matsubara, Kian…Read more
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38Gruppen und Institutionen. Eine Ontologie des SozialenSpringer. 2016.Was ist das Sein des Sozialen? Was konstituiert die Existenz von Gruppen und Institutionen, ihre Identität und Dauer in der Zeit? Dieses Buch resümiert den aktuellen Diskussionsstand der Sozialontologie und argumentiert für eine Ontologie des Sozialen, die sowohl formellen als auch informellen Institutionen gerecht wird. Es schlägt dafür eine Synthese aus Positionen vor, die in der gegenwärtigen Diskussion mit den Namen von John Searle und Margaret Gilbert verbunden sind.
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334Die Unzulänglichkeit von Richard Swinburnes Versuch, die Existenz einer Seele modallogisch zu beweisenZeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 53 (2). 1999.Die Zeiten, in denen der Leib-Seele-Dualismus als Ansatz der Philosophie des Geistes durch ein herrschendes Dogma als diskussionsunwürdig galt, sind vorbei. Der Dualismus darf wieder diskutiert werden. Er muß diskutiert werden, wenn in diskussionswürdiger Strenge für ihn argumentiert wird – auch wenn das, wie sich zeigen wird, manchmal ein ziemlich technisches Geschäft ist. In diesem Sinne soll im folgenden Richard Swinburnes Versuch behandelt werden, die Existenz einer Seele und damit die Wahrh…Read more
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426We are no plural subjectProtoSociology 35 167-196. 2018.In "On Social Facts" (1989) and subsequent works, Margaret Gilbert has suggested a plural subject account of the semantics of ‘we’ that claims that a central or standard use of ‘we’ is to refer to an existing or anticipated plural subject. This contrasts with the more general approach to treat plural pronouns as expressions referring to certain pluralities. I argue that (i) the plural subject approach cannot account for certain syntactic phenomena and that (ii) the sense of intimacy, which Gilbe…Read more
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703In Silico Approaches and the Role of Ontologies in Aging ResearchRejuvenation Research 16 (6): 540-546. 2013.The 2013 Rostock Symposium on Systems Biology and Bioinformatics in Aging Research was again dedicated to dissecting the aging process using in silico means. A particular focus was on ontologies, as these are a key technology to systematically integrate heterogeneous information about the aging process. Related topics were databases and data integration. Other talks tackled modeling issues and applications, the latter including talks focussed on marker development and cellular stress as well as …Read more
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51Peter van Inwagen: Materialism, Free Will and God (edited book)Springer. 2018.This book discusses the philosophy of influential contemporary philosopher Peter van Inwagen. Looking at perennial philosophical problems from a modern point of view, Peter van Inwagen’s philosophy masterfully combines positions that have been considered irreconcilable: incompatibilism concerning free will, materialism, organicism, theism and realism concerning fictional entities. As readers will discover, his arguments are witty, surprising and deep. The book includes Peter van Inwagen’s Münste…Read more
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334Permanent generic relatedness and silent changeIn Niels Grewe, Ludger Jansen & Barry Smith (eds.), Formal Ontology and Information Systems, Ceur, Vol. 1060. pp. 1-5. 2016.Given the assertion of a relation between two types, like: “Epidermis has part some Keratinocyte”, we define silent change as any kind of change of the instance-relata of the relation in question that does not change the truth-value of the respective type-level assertion. Such assertions are notoriously difficult to model in OWL 2. To address this problem, we distinguish different modes of type-level relatedness giving rise to this problem and describe a conservative extension to the BFO top-le…Read more
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51Potentialität als Grund von ModalitätDeutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 65 (3): 589-594. 2017.Name der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 65 Heft: 3 Seiten: 589-594.
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31Constructed RealityIn Katharina Neges, Josef Mitterer, Sebastian Kletzl & Christian Kanzian (eds.), Realism - Relativism - Constructivism: Proceedings of the 38th International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg, De Gruyter. pp. 255-268. 2017.A popular argument goes thus: This is a construction, hence it is not real. Adding an appropriate adjective (social, mental, human, …) in front of “construction” or cognate terms like “(legal) fiction” yields a whole family of related arguments, all of which, or so I will argue, are fallacious. Contrary to popular opinion, these arguments fail both on the epistemic and the ontic sense of construction. Ontic constructions exist at least at one point in time, while epistemic constructions may well…Read more
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64A Plural Subject Approach to the Responsibilities of Groups and InstitutionsMidwest Studies in Philosophy 38 (1): 91-102. 2014.Margaret Gilbert has defended the claim that her plural subject theory can give a reasonable account of retrospective (or backward-looking) collective responsibility. On one occasion, publishing in this periodical, she writes that she deliberately left out the discussion of prospective (or forward-looking) collective responsibility, or the “responsibilities” of a collective. In the present paper, I want to show that plural subject theory, in fact, also allows accounting for prospective responsi…Read more
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577The Diachronic Identity of Social EntitiesIn Kanzian Christian (ed.), Persistence, Ontos. pp. 49-71. 2007.
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204Tendencies and Other Realizables in Medical Information SciencesThe Monist 90 (4): 534-554. 2007.In order to develop the ontology of tendencies for use in the representation of medical knowledge, tendencies are compared with other kinds of entities possessing the realizable-realization structure, specifically: dispositions, propensities, abilities and virtues. The peculiarities of tendencies are discussed and a standard schema of tendency ascription is developed in order to represent the relations between the ascriptions of tendency tokens to particulars and the ascriptions of tendency type…Read more
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12Four Rules for Classifying Social EntitiesIn Ruth Hagengruber (ed.), Philosophy’s Relevance for Information Science, . forthcoming.
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34Representing DispositionsJournal of Biomedical Semantics 2 (4). 2011.Dispositions and tendencies feature significantly in the biomedical domain and therefore in representations of knowledge of that domain. They are not only important for specific applications like an infectious disease ontology, but also as part of a general strategy for modelling knowledge about molecular interactions. But the task of representing dispositions in some formal ontological systems is fraught with several problems, which are partly due to the fact that Description Logics can only de…Read more
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70Categories: The top-level ontologyIn Katherine Munn & Barry Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Ontos. pp. 173--196. 2008.
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481Die Ontologie des GeschlechtsIn Hella Ehlers, Beate Rudlof, Heike Trappe, Gabriele Linke & Heike Kahlert (eds.), Geschlechterdifferenz – und kein Ende? Sozial- und geisteswissenschaftliche Beiträge zur Genderforschung, Lit-verlag. pp. 19-39. 2009.
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244Moderne Moral?In Marcus Willashek (ed.), Ernst Tugendhat: Moralbegründung und Gerechtigkeit,, Lit-verlag. pp. 55-61. 1997.This paper discusses Tugendhat's project of a "modern ethics" (moderne Moral) in contrast to "traditional ethics" (traditionelle Moral). We argue that this distinction is not as clear cut as Tugendhat would like it to be, and that Tugendhat's modern ethics shares important features with traditional ethics.
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23Formal ontologies in biomedical knowledge representationIn M.-C. Jaulent, C. U. Lehmann & B. Séroussi (eds.), Yearbook of Medical Informatics 8, . pp. 132-146. 2013.Objectives: Medical decision support and other intelligent applications in the life sciences depend on increasing amounts of digital information. Knowledge bases as well as formal ontologies are being used to organize biomedical knowledge and data. However, these two kinds of artefacts are not always clearly distinguished. Whereas the popular RDF(S) standard provides an intuitive triple-based representation, it is semantically weak. Description logics based ontology languages like OWL-DL carry a…Read more
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650Aristotle's Theory of Dispositions From the Principle of Movement to the Unmoved MoverIn Gregor Damschen, Robert Schnepf & Karsten Stueber (eds.), Debating Dispositions. Issues in Metaphysics, Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind, De Gruyter. pp. 24-46. 2009.No one influenced and shaped our thinking about dispositions and causal properties more than Aristotle. What he wrote about power (dynamis), nature (physis) and habit (hexis) has been read, systematised and criticised again and again during the history of philosophy. In this chapter I sketch Aristotle's thoughts about dispositions and argue that his theory can still be regarded as a good one.
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432Who has got our Group-Intentions?In Johann C. Marek & Maria E. Reicher (eds.), Erfahrung und Analyse. Beiträge des 27. Internationalen Wittgenstein-Symposiums, Ilwg. pp. 151-153. 2004.There are group-actions, and if actions are intentional, there should also be group-intentions. Who has got these intentions? The groups? This seems to be the natural answer. But then: Groups do not have a mind or brain of there own to form any mental attitude. Different kinds of individualistic analyses of group-intentions have been suggested in the literature. On the one hand there are suggestions to reduce group intentions to a complex of different Iattitudes. John Searle, on the other hand, …Read more
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7Andreas Diekmann/Thomas Voss (Hgg.), Rational-Choice-Theorie in den Sozialwissenschaften. Anwendungen und Probleme (review)Philosophisches Jahrbuch 116 (116): 230. 2009.
Ludger Jansen
PTH Brixen College
Universität Rostock
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PTH Brixen CollegeProfessor
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