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24The Duty to Disclose (Even More) Adverse Clinical Trial ResultsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 9 (8): 33-34. 2009.No abstract
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161Free Trade, Poverty, and InequalityJournal of Moral Philosophy 8 (1): 5-44. 2011.Anyone familiar with The Economist knows the mantra: Free trade will ameliorate poverty by increasing growth and reducing inequality. This paper suggests that problems underlying measurement of poverty, inequality, and free trade provide reason to worry about this argument. Furthermore, the paper suggests that better evidence is necessary to establish that free trade is causing inequality and poverty to fall. Experimental studies usually provide the best evidence of causation. So, the paper conc…Read more
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28Review of Roderick T. long, Tibor R. Machan (eds.), Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country? (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2009 (4). 2009.
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174Nanotechnology, enhancement, and human natureNanoEthics 2 (3): 289-304. 2008.Is nanotechnology-based human enhancement morally permissible? One reason to question such enhancement stems from a concern for preserving our species. It is harder than one might think, however, to explain what could be wrong with altering our own species. One possibility is to turn to the environmental ethics literature. Perhaps some of the arguments for preserving other species can be applied against nanotechnology-based human enhancements that alter human nature. This paper critically examin…Read more
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113Free Trade and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Ethics 31 (1): 51-66. 2009.What should environmentalists say about free trade? Many environmentalists object to free trade by appealing the “Race to the Bottom Argument.” This argument is inconclusive, but there are reasons to worry about unrestricted free trade’s environmental effects nonetheless; the rules of trade embodied in institutions such as the World Trade Organization may be unjustifiable. Programs to compensate for trade-related environmental damage, appropriate trade barriers, and consumer movements may be nec…Read more
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11Globalization, Global Justice, and Global Health ImpactPublic Affairs Quarterly 28 (3): 231-258. 2014.
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114The human right to healthPhilosophy Compass 10 (4): 275-283. 2015.Is there a human right to health? If so, what are its grounds? Can a legal or moral human right to health provide any practical guidance when it comes to making decisions about, for instance, the allocation of scarce health resources? There are many possible answers to these questions in the literature. This article surveys some of these replies. First, however, it examines the distinctions between legal and moral human rights and rights to health vs. health care. It then surveys the literature …Read more
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24Measuring Health Burden without Discriminating Against the DisabledJournal of Public Health 39 (3): 633-639. 2016.
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526How People Think About Distributing AidPhilosophical Psychology 29 (7): 1029-1044. 2016.This paper examines how people think about aiding others in a way that can inform both theory and practice. It uses data gathered from Kiva, an online, non-profit organization that allows individuals to aid other individuals around the world, to isolate intuitions that people find broadly compelling. The central result of the paper is that people seem to give more priority to aiding those in greater need, at least below some threshold. That is, the data strongly suggest incorporating both a thre…Read more
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70Erratum to: New data on the representation of women in philosophy journals: 2004–2015Philosophical Studies 175 (6): 1465-1466. 2018.We correct a few typos.
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131New data on the representation of women in philosophy journals: 2004–2015Philosophical Studies 175 (6): 1441-1464. 2018.This paper presents new data on the representation of women who publish in 25 top philosophy journals as ranked by the Philosophical Gourmet Report for the years 2004, 2014, and 2015. It also provides a new analysis of Schwitzgebel’s 1955–2015 journal data. The paper makes four points while providing an overview of the current state of women authors in philosophy. In all years and for all journals, the percentage of female authors was extremely low, in the range of 14–16%. The percentage of wome…Read more
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19The Problem of Debt‐for‐Nature Swaps from a Human Rights PerspectiveJournal of Applied Philosophy 29 (4): 359-377. 2012.At first blush, debt‐for‐nature swaps seem to provide win‐win solutions to the looming problems of environmental degradation and extreme poverty. So, one might naturally assume that they are morally permissible, if not obligatory. This article will argue, however, that debt‐for‐nature swaps are sometimes morally questionable, if not morally impermissible. It suggests that some criticisms of traditional (economic) conditions placed on loans to poor countries also apply to the (environmental) cond…Read more
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10Institutional Theories and International DevelopmentGlobal Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric 7 12-27. 2014.A recent trend in international development circles is ‘New Institutionalism’. In a slogan, the idea is just that good institutions matter. The slogan itself is so innocuous as to be hardly worth comment. But the push to improve institutional quality has the potential to have a much less innocuous impact on aid efforts and other aspects of international development. This paper provides a critical introduction to some of the literature on institutional quality. It looks, in particular, at an argu…Read more
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27Individual Responsibility for Promoting Global Health: The Case for a New Kind of Socially Conscious ConsumptionJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 44 (2): 319-331. 2016.The problems of global health are truly terrible. Millions suffer and die from diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. One way of addressing these problems is via a Global Health Impact labeling campaign. If even a small percentage of consumers promote global health by purchasing Global Health Impact products, the incentive to use this label will be substantial. One might wonder, however, whether consumers are morally obligation to purchase any these goods or whether doing so is even …Read more
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40All people have human rights and there is a close connection between human rights, needs, and autonomy. Accounting for this connection is difficult on many of the traditional rights theories. On many traditional theories, human rights protect individuals’ important interests. These theories are well suited to account for the fact that human rights protect individuals from dire need. Even the non-autonomous have some needs, which constitute some of their important interests. But because these the…Read more
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30This note demonstrates that the property of Replication Invariance, generally considered to be an innocuous requirement for the extension of fixed-population poverty comparisons to variable- population contexts, is incompatible with other plausible variable-population axioms in the presence of specific canonical fixed-population axioms
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10Coercion, Legitimacy, and Individual FreedomJournal of Philosophical Research 39 191-198. 2014.In “World Poverty and Individual Freedom”, I argue that the global order—because it is coercive—is obligated to do what it can to ensure that its subjects are capable of autonomously agreeing to its rule. This requires helping them meet their basic needs. In “World Poverty and Not Respecting Individual Freedom Enough,” Jorn Sonderholm asserts that this argument is invalid and unsound, in part, because it is too demanding. This article explains why Sonderholm’s critique is mistaken and misses the…Read more
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