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968Die Bedeutung des Hintergrundwissens für die Rechtfertigung testimonialer ErkenntnisFacta Philosophica 9 (1): 133-159. 2007.
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16Wie wirklich ist die Wirklichkeit. Wissenschaftliche Fotografien als DatenIn Richard Heinrich, Elisabeth Nemeth & Wolfram Pichler (eds.), Bild und Bildlichkeit in Philosophie, Wissenschaft und Kunst (Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science, and the Arts), Papers of the 33 rd International Wittgenstein Symposium, Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. pp. 216-219. 2010.Fotografien können als paradigmatische Instanzen des Bildbegriffs aufgefasst werden. Sie finden umfangreiche Verwendung in den Wissenschaften. Die kausale Relation zum abgebildeten Objekt sowie die vermeintliche Ähnlichkeit des Bildes mit seinem Gegenstand scheinen ihren Gebrauch als Belege im Forschungsprozess zu legitimieren. Anhand einer Fallstudie zur Oberflächenerfassung des Planeten Mars mit Hilfe einer digitalen Spezialkamera soll in diesem Beitrag untersucht werden, inwiefern Fotografien…Read more
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754Scientific Images as Circulating Ideas: An Application of Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought StylesJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 47 (2): 307-329. 2016.Without doubt, there is a great diversity of scientific images both with regard to their appearances and their functions. Diagrams, photographs, drawings, etc. serve as evidence in publications, as eye-catchers in presentations, as surrogates for the research object in scientific reasoning. This fact has been highlighted by Stephen M. Downes who takes this diversity as a reason to argue against a unifying representation-based account of how visualisations play their epistemic role in science. In…Read more
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13Die Realität wissenschaftlicher BilderIn Dimitri Liebsch & Nicola Mößner (eds.), Visualisierung und Erkenntnis. Bildverstehen und Bildverwenden in Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften, Herbert Von Halem Verlag. pp. 96-112. 2012.In den Wissenschaften finden Bilder der unterschiedlichsten Art ihre Verwendung in unserem Streben nach Erkenntnis. Ein Merkmal vieler Arten wissenschaftlicher Visualisierungen besteht darin, dass sie bis dato nur theoretisch erfasste Entitäten sichtbar machen. Sie scheinen daher die Grenze zwischen Beobachtbarem und Unbeobachtbarem in entscheidender Weise zu verschieben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vielfach die konstruktivistische These vertreten, die Visualisierungen führten erst in ihrem Prod…Read more
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30Visual Data – Reasons to Be Relied on?In Nicola Mößner & Alfred Nordmann (eds.), Reasoning in Measurement, Routledge. pp. 99-110. 2017.In today’s science, the output of measurement processes are often visual representations of the data detected. Moreover, we find such visual data as parts of scientific reasoning in different contexts. In this article, we will take a look at two of them. On the one hand, visual representations are used as a kind of surrogate for the real object to ask questions about it – we will call this the exploratory use of visual data. On the other hand, visualisations are often used to communicate researc…Read more
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1125Photographic Evidence and the Problem of Theory-LadennessJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (1). 2013.Scientists use visualisations of different kinds in a variety of ways in their scientific work. In the following article, we will take a closer look at the use of photographic pictures as scientific evidence. In accordance with Patrick Maynard’s thesis, photography will be regarded as a family of technologies serving different purposes in divergent contexts. One of these is its ability to detect certain phenomena. Nonetheless, with regard to the philosophical thesis of theory-ladenness of observ…Read more
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42Das Zeugnis anderer als Untersuchungsgegenstand der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie, Ein LiteraturberichtZeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 63 (3): 466-485. 2009.
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82Visualisierung und Erkenntnis. Bildverstehen und Bildverwenden in Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften (edited book)Herbert von Halem Verlag. 2012.In der Wissenschaft spielen Visualisierungen eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Sie sind zum einen Gegenstand der Forschung und zum anderen unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel bei der Präsentation und Distribution von Forschungsergebnissen. Beides stellt neue Anforderungen an den Wissenschaftler und seine praktische wie auch theoretische Arbeit und lässt nach einer kritischen Reflexion dieses Bildhandelns fragen. Was zeigen uns MRT-Bilder in der Medizin wirklich? Wie hat die Weiterentwicklung der Mikroskopie…Read more
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24Testimoniale Akte neu definiert – Ein zentrales Problem des Zeugnisses andererGrazer Philosophische Studien 80 (1): 151-178. 2010.In comparison to other epistemic sources (perception, memory and reason) testimony is the only one dealing with the social aspects of gaining and justifying knowledge. One main problem of the current discussion about knowledge by testimony is the concept of testimony itself. It is quite unclear what the correct notion of testimony is supposed to be. In this essay I present a proposal to define the concept of testimony in making a distinction between the conditions which hold in the speaker’s con…Read more
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22Können Bilder Argumente sein?In Manfred Harth & Jakob Steinbrenner (eds.), Bilder als Gründe, Herbert Von Halem Verlag. 2012.In the following text we will consider the question whether pictures can be regarded as arguments or not. Obviously, classical philosophical approaches lead to a different opinion about this topic than our common sense intuitions, which are fostered by our usage of ordinary language. On the one hand, logicians defend the thesis that arguments are of a linguistic kind. On the other hand, there are everyday contexts where, nevertheless, it seems appropriate to ascribe pictures the status of argume…Read more
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9Against Coherence. Truth, Probability, and Justification (review)Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 61 (3). 2007.
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680Visual Information and Scientific UnderstandingAxiomathes 25 (2): 167-179. 2015.Without doubt, there is a widespread usage of visualisations in science. However, what exactly the _epistemic status_ of these visual representations in science may be remains an open question. In the following, I will argue that at least some scientific visualisations are indispensible for our cognitive processes. My thesis will be that, with regard to the activity of _learning_, visual representations are of relevance in the sense of contributing to the aim of _scientific_ _understanding_. Tak…Read more
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62Reasoning in Measurement (edited book)Routledge. 2017.This collection offers a new understanding of the epistemology of measurement. The interdisciplinary volume explores how measurements are produced, for example, in astronomy and seismology, in studies of human sexuality and ecology, in brain imaging and intelligence testing. It considers photography as a measurement technology and Henry David Thoreau's poetic measures as closing the gap between mind and world. By focusing on measurements as the hard-won results of conceptual as well as technical…Read more
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12Ich bin gekränkt, also bin ich? Oder warum es so schwer ist, den Physikalismus zu akzeptierenIn Marius Backmann & Jan G. Michel (eds.), Physikalismus, Willensfreiheit, Künstliche Intelligenz, Brill/mentis. pp. 93-99. 2009.
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2698The Concept of TestimonyIn Christoph Jäger & Winfried Löffler (eds.), Epistemology: Contexts, Values, Disagreement. Papers of the 34th International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium in Kirchberg, 2011, The Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. pp. 207-209. 2007.Many contributors of the debate about knowledge by testimony concentrate on the problem of justification. In my paper I will stress a different point – the concept of testimony itself. As a starting point I will use the definitional proposal of Jennifer Lackey. She holds that the concept of testimony should be regarded as entailing two aspects – one corresponding to the speaker, the other one to the hearer. I will adopt the assumption that we need to deal with both aspects. Nevertheless, I will …Read more
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13Knowledge by Agreement. The Programme of Communitarian Epistemology (review)Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 60 (4): 619-623. 2006.
Hanover, NDS, Germany
Areas of Specialization
Social Epistemology |
Testimony |
Epistemology |
General Philosophy of Science |
Journalism and Media |