-
104Das Zeugnis andererIn Martin Grajner & Guido Melchior (eds.), Handbuch Erkenntnistheorie, J.b. Metzler. pp. 136-144. 2019.This is a survey article about testimony. It discusses questions concerning the nature and the epistemology of the division of epistemic labour.
-
1659Trusting the Media? TV News as a Source of KnowledgeInternational Journal of Philosophical Studies 26 (2): 205-220. 2018.Why do we trust TV news? What reasons might support a recipient’s assessment of the trustworthiness of this kind of information? This paper presents a veritistic analysis of the epistemic practice of news production and communication. The topic is approached by discussing a detailed case study, namely the characteristics of the most popular German news programme, called the ‘Tagesschau’. It will be shown that a veritistic analysis can indeed provide a recipient with relevant reasons to consider …Read more
-
185Visual Representations in Science - Concept and EpistemologyRoutledge. 2018.Visual representations (photographs, diagrams, etc.) play crucial roles in scientific processes. They help, for example, to communicate research results and hypotheses to scientific peers as well as to the lay audience. In genuine research activities they are used as evidence or as surrogates for research objects which are otherwise cognitively inaccessible. Despite their important functional roles in scientific practices, philosophers of science have more or less neglected visual representation…Read more
-
1575Scientific Images as Circulating Ideas: An Application of Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought StylesJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 47 (2): 307-329. 2016.Without doubt, there is a great diversity of scientific images both with regard to their appearances and their functions. Diagrams, photographs, drawings, etc. serve as evidence in publications, as eye-catchers in presentations, as surrogates for the research object in scientific reasoning. This fact has been highlighted by Stephen M. Downes who takes this diversity as a reason to argue against a unifying representation-based account of how visualisations play their epistemic role in science. In…Read more
-
41Die Realität wissenschaftlicher BilderIn Dimitri Liebsch & Nicola Mößner (eds.), Visualisierung und Erkenntnis. Bildverstehen und Bildverwenden in Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften, Herbert Von Halem Verlag. pp. 96-112. 2012.In den Wissenschaften finden Bilder der unterschiedlichsten Art ihre Verwendung in unserem Streben nach Erkenntnis. Ein Merkmal vieler Arten wissenschaftlicher Visualisierungen besteht darin, dass sie bis dato nur theoretisch erfasste Entitäten sichtbar machen. Sie scheinen daher die Grenze zwischen Beobachtbarem und Unbeobachtbarem in entscheidender Weise zu verschieben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vielfach die konstruktivistische These vertreten, die Visualisierungen führten erst in ihrem Prod…Read more
-
1165Visual Information and Scientific UnderstandingAxiomathes 25 (2): 167-179. 2015.Without doubt, there is a widespread usage of visualisations in science. However, what exactly the _epistemic status_ of these visual representations in science may be remains an open question. In the following, I will argue that at least some scientific visualisations are indispensible for our cognitive processes. My thesis will be that, with regard to the activity of _learning_, visual representations are of relevance in the sense of contributing to the aim of _scientific_ _understanding_. Tak…Read more
-
2373Photographic Evidence and the Problem of Theory-LadennessJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (1). 2013.Scientists use visualisations of different kinds in a variety of ways in their scientific work. In the following article, we will take a closer look at the use of photographic pictures as scientific evidence. In accordance with Patrick Maynard’s thesis, photography will be regarded as a family of technologies serving different purposes in divergent contexts. One of these is its ability to detect certain phenomena. Nonetheless, with regard to the philosophical thesis of theory-ladenness of observ…Read more
-
76Das Zeugnis anderer als Untersuchungsgegenstand der sozialen Erkenntnistheorie, Ein LiteraturberichtZeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 63 (3): 466-485. 2009.
-
149Visualisierung und Erkenntnis. Bildverstehen und Bildverwenden in Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften (edited book)Herbert von Halem Verlag. 2012.In der Wissenschaft spielen Visualisierungen eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Sie sind zum einen Gegenstand der Forschung und zum anderen unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel bei der Präsentation und Distribution von Forschungsergebnissen. Beides stellt neue Anforderungen an den Wissenschaftler und seine praktische wie auch theoretische Arbeit und lässt nach einer kritischen Reflexion dieses Bildhandelns fragen. Was zeigen uns MRT-Bilder in der Medizin wirklich? Wie hat die Weiterentwicklung der Mikroskopie…Read more
-
69Testimoniale Akte neu definiert – Ein zentrales Problem des Zeugnisses andererGrazer Philosophische Studien 80 (1): 151-178. 2010.In comparison to other epistemic sources (perception, memory and reason) testimony is the only one dealing with the social aspects of gaining and justifying knowledge. One main problem of the current discussion about knowledge by testimony is the concept of testimony itself. It is quite unclear what the correct notion of testimony is supposed to be. In this essay I present a proposal to define the concept of testimony in making a distinction between the conditions which hold in the speaker’s con…Read more
-
23Können Bilder Argumente sein?In Manfred Harth & Jakob Steinbrenner (eds.), Bilder als Gründe, Herbert Von Halem Verlag. 2012.In the following text we will consider the question whether pictures can be regarded as arguments or not. Obviously, classical philosophical approaches lead to a different opinion about this topic than our common sense intuitions, which are fostered by our usage of ordinary language. On the one hand, logicians defend the thesis that arguments are of a linguistic kind. On the other hand, there are everyday contexts where, nevertheless, it seems appropriate to ascribe pictures the status of argume…Read more
-
35Against Coherence. Truth, Probability, and Justification (review)Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 61 (3). 2007.
-
98Wissen aus dem Zeugnis anderer - der Sonderfall medialer Berichterstattungbrill / mentis Verlag. 2010.Wendet man sich der Frage nach den Quellen unseres Wissens zu, so muss man feststellen, dass wir zweifelsohne einen großen Teil unseres Wissens über die Welt aus dem Zeugnis anderer gewinnen. In der gegenwärtigen erkenntnistheoretischen Diskussion wird nicht in Frage gestellt, dass das Zeugnis anderer zur Genese unseres Wissens beiträgt. Umstritten ist dagegen,ob die Anführung des Ursprungs solcher Überzeugungen auch zu deren Rechtfertigung in hinreichendem Maße beiträgt. Dieses Buch bietet eine…Read more
-
115Reasoning in Measurement (edited book)Routledge. 2016.This collection offers a new understanding of the epistemology of measurement. The interdisciplinary volume explores how measurements are produced, for example, in astronomy and seismology, in studies of human sexuality and ecology, in brain imaging and intelligence testing. It considers photography as a measurement technology and Henry David Thoreau's poetic measures as closing the gap between mind and world. By focusing on measurements as the hard-won results of conceptual as well as technical…Read more
-
78Ich bin gekränkt, also bin ich? Oder warum es so schwer ist, den Physikalismus zu akzeptierenIn Marius Backmann & Jan G. Michel (eds.), Physikalismus, Willensfreiheit, Künstliche Intelligenz, Brill/mentis. pp. 93-99. 2009.
-
3748The Concept of TestimonyIn Christoph Jäger & Winfried Löffler (eds.), Epistemology: Contexts, Values, Disagreement: Proceedings of the 34th International Ludwig Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg, 2011, De Gruyter. pp. 207-209. 2007.Many contributors of the debate about knowledge by testimony concentrate on the problem of justification. In my paper I will stress a different point – the concept of testimony itself. As a starting point I will use the definitional proposal of Jennifer Lackey. She holds that the concept of testimony should be regarded as entailing two aspects – one corresponding to the speaker, the other one to the hearer. I will adopt the assumption that we need to deal with both aspects. Nevertheless, I will …Read more
-
28Knowledge by Agreement. The Programme of Communitarian Epistemology (review)Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 60 (4): 619-623. 2006.
-
68Anna Leuschner: Die Glaubwürdigkeit der Wissenschaft. Eine wissenschafts- und erkenntnistheoretische Analyse am Beispiel der Klimaforschung (review)Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (2): 391-395. 2013.
-
59Wie wirklich ist die Wirklichkeit. Wissenschaftliche Fotografien als DatenIn Richard Heinrich, Elisabeth Nemeth & Wolfram Pichler (eds.), Bild und Bildlichkeit in Philosophie, Wissenschaft und Kunst (Image and Imaging in Philosophy, Science, and the Arts), Papers of the 33 rd International Wittgenstein Symposium, Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. pp. 216-219. 2010.Fotografien können als paradigmatische Instanzen des Bildbegriffs aufgefasst werden. Sie finden umfangreiche Verwendung in den Wissenschaften. Die kausale Relation zum abgebildeten Objekt sowie die vermeintliche Ähnlichkeit des Bildes mit seinem Gegenstand scheinen ihren Gebrauch als Belege im Forschungsprozess zu legitimieren. Anhand einer Fallstudie zur Oberflächenerfassung des Planeten Mars mit Hilfe einer digitalen Spezialkamera soll in diesem Beitrag untersucht werden, inwiefern Fotografien…Read more
-
126Richard Swinburne: Christian Philosophy in a Modern World (edited book)ontos. 2008.Richard Swinburne is one of the most influential contemporary proponents of the analytical philosophy of religion. He is, above all, a traditional theist. However, his interests are very wide-ranging. He has written about nearly all central theological and philosophical issues such as epistemology, metaphysics, theory of mind and ethics. During the “Münstersche Vorlesungen 2007” students and faculty members of the Department of Philosophy at Münster University entered into a skilful and interes…Read more
-
1552Is the Principle of Testimony Simply Epistemically Fundamental or Simply not? Swinburne on Knowledge by TestimonyIn Nicola Mößner, Sebastian Schmoranzer & Christian Weidemann (eds.), Richard Swinburne: Christian Philosophy in a Modern World, Ontos. pp. 61. 2008.The recently much discussed phenomenon of testimony as a social source of knowledge plays a crucial justificatory role in Richard Swinburne's philosophy of religion. Although Swinburne officially reduces his principle of testimony to the criterion of simplicity and, therefore, to a derivative epistemic source, we will show that simplicity does not play the crucial role in this epistemological context. We will argue that both Swinburne's philosophical ideas and his formulations allow for a fundam…Read more
-
116Das Beste aus zwei Welten? Ludwik Fleck über den sozialen Ursprung wissenschaftlicher KreativitätIn Philipp Hubmann & Till Julian Huss (eds.), Simultaneität - Modelle der Gleichzeitigkeit in den Wissenschaften und Künsten, Transcript. pp. 111-131. 2013.In der heutigen schnelllebigen Welt erscheint uns der Begriff der Simultanität – der Gleichzeitigkeit – häufig eher negativ konnotiert. Er steht für das Gefühl der Überforderung im Berufs- und Alltagsleben, in welchen wir immer mehr Aufgaben in immer kürzerer Zeit erledigen, immer mehr Informationen verarbeiten, immer mehr Aufmerksamkeiten delegieren, immer mehr Aktivitäten koordinieren und in dem doch nicht länger werdenden Tagesablauf unterbringen sollen. Simultanität – in diesem umgangssprach…Read more
-
4490Thought styles and paradigms—a comparative study of Ludwik Fleck and Thomas S. KuhnStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42 (2). 2011.At first glance there seem to be many similarities between Thomas S. Kuhn’s and Ludwik Fleck’s accounts of the development of scientific knowledge. Notably, both pay attention to the role played by the scientific community in the development of scientific knowledge. But putting first impressions aside, one can criticise some philosophers for being too hasty in their attempt to find supposed similarities in the works of the two men. Having acknowledged that Fleck anticipated some of Kuhn’s later …Read more
-
2460Knowledge, Democracy, and the InternetMinerva 55 (1): 1-24. 2017.The internet has considerably changed epistemic practices in science as well as in everyday life. Apparently, this technology allows more and more people to get access to a huge amount of information. Some people even claim that the internet leads to a democratization of knowledge. In the following text, we will analyze this statement. In particular, we will focus on a potential change in epistemic structure. Does the internet change our common epistemic practice to rely on expert opinions? Does…Read more
-
1431Die Bedeutung des Hintergrundwissens für die Rechtfertigung testimonialer ErkenntnisFacta Philosophica 9 (1): 133-159. 2007.
Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
Areas of Specialization
| Social Epistemology |
| Testimony |
| Epistemology |
| General Philosophy of Science |
| Journalism and Media |