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12Philosophical Foundations of Human Research EthicsPerspectives in Biology and Medicine 65 (3): 499-513. 2022.ARRAY
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17Authorship Issues When Articles are Retracted Due to Research Misconduct and Then ResubmittedScience and Engineering Ethics 28 (4): 1-25. 2022.In the last 20 years, there has been a sharp increase in the incidence of retractions of articles published in scientific journals, the majority of which are due to research misconduct. In some cases, researchers have revised and republished articles that were retracted due to misconduct, which raises some novel questions concerning authorship. Suppose that an article is retracted because one of the authors fabricated or falsified some data, but the researchers decide to salvage the useable data…Read more
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51Environmental justice and climate change policiesBioethics 36 (7): 735-741. 2022.Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 7, Page 735-741, September 2022.
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17Precautionary Reasoning in Environmental and Public Health PolicySpringer Verlag. 2021.This book fills a gap in the literature on the Precautionary Principle by placing the principle within the wider context of precautionary reasoning and uses philosophical arguments and case studies to demonstrate when it does—and does not—apply. The book invites the reader to take a step back from the controversy surrounding the Precautionary Principle and consider the overarching rationales for responding to threats to the environment or public health. It provides practical guidance and probing…Read more
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12Group Solidarity Versus Individual Autonomy in Research Involving American Indian/Alaskan Native CommunitiesAmerican Journal of Bioethics 21 (10): 17-19. 2021.Since the first European settlers arrived in the Americas, American Indian and Alaskan Native people have suffered from devastating diseases, violence, and genocide. During the conquest of...
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46Informed Consent, Understanding, and TrustAmerican Journal of Bioethics 21 (5): 61-63. 2021.Valid Informed consent to medical treatment or research participation has traditionally been viewed as consisting of the following requirements: the person has t...
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15A Study of Reliance Agreement Templates Used by U.S. Research InstitutionsIRB: Ethics & Human Research 40 (3): 6-10. 2018.
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10Public Engagement and the Social Risks of ScienceHastings Center Report 51 (2): 41-42. 2021.This letter responds to the article “The Social Risks of Science,” by Jonathan Herington and Scott Tanona, published in the November‐December 2020 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
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105The Price of Truth: How Money Affects the Norms of ScienceOup Usa. 2007.Modern science is big business. Governments, universities, and corporations have invested billions of dollars in scientific and technological research in the hope of obtaining power and profit. For the most part, this investment has benefited science and society, leading to new discoveries, inventions, disciplines, specialties, jobs, and career opportunities. However, there is a dark side to the influx of money into science. Unbridled pursuit of financial gain in science can undermine scientific…Read more
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16Reviews in Medical Ethics: The Ethics and Regulation of Research with Human Subjects, Carl Coleman, Jerry Menikoff, Jesse Goldner, and Nancy Dubler, eds., (LexisNexis) 2005Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34 (2): 465-466. 2006.The Ethics and Regulation of Research with Human Subjects, edited by Professors Carl Coleman of Seton Hall, Jerry Menikoff of the University of Kansas, Jesse Goldner of Saint Louis University, and Nancy Dubler of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, is an up-to-date and authoritative collection of readings on ethical, legal, and policy issues in research with human subjects. The authors have modeled their text on the casebook style commonly used in law schools. At 746 pages, plus front matte…Read more
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9Biological Warfare and Scientific ResponsibilityBulletin of Science, Technology and Society 19 (2): 113-116. 1999.As we approach the 21st century, the threat of nuclear Armageddon has lessened somewhat, but a new threat has emerged: biological warfare. The splitting of the atom eventually led to the detonation of atomic bombs, and the discovery of DNA may soon lead to the use of genetic weapons. This article argues that the scientific community has a responsibility to help protect the world against the threat of biological weapons.
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3Copernicus, Darwin, and Human EmbryosBulletin of Science, Technology and Society 22 (1): 45-47. 2002.This article explores the impact of the Copernican and Darwinian revolutions on our view of human-kind’s place in the universe and locates the current debates about stem cell research within this larger sociohistorical context. The article argues that the past 500 years of science support the idea that the morally significant features of human beings reside in the unique cognitive, emotive, and social traits that are often described as the “soul,” not in any special features of human physiology,…Read more
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55Researchers’ Perceptions of Ethical Authorship Distribution in Collaborative Research TeamsScience and Engineering Ethics 26 (4): 1995-2022. 2020.Authorship is commonly used as the basis for the measurement of research productivity. It influences career progression and rewards, making it a valued commodity in a competitive scientific environment. To better understand authorship practices amongst collaborative teams, this study surveyed authors on collaborative journal articles published between 2011 and 2015. Of the 8364 respondents, 1408 responded to the final open-ended question, which solicited additional comments or remarks regarding …Read more
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29Misconduct and Misbehavior Related to Authorship Disagreements in Collaborative ScienceScience and Engineering Ethics 26 (4): 1967-1993. 2020.Scientific authorship serves to identify and acknowledge individuals who “contribute significantly” to published research. However, specific authorship norms and practices often differ within and across disciplines, labs, and cultures. As a consequence, authorship disagreements are commonplace in team research. This study aims to better understand the prevalence of authorship disagreements, those factors that may lead to disagreements, as well as the extent and nature of resulting misbehavior. M…Read more
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22Scientific Realism and the Patent SystemJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 47 (1): 69-77. 2016.The patent system appears to make three ontological assumptions often associated with scientific realism: there is a natural world that is independent of human knowledge and technology; invented products can be unobservable things; and invented products have causal powers. Although a straightforward reading of patent laws implies these ontological commitments, it is not at all clear that what the patent system has to say about the world has any bearing on issues of scientific realism. While real…Read more
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10Proportionality in Public Health Regulation: The Case of Dietary SupplementsFood Ethics 2 (1): 1-16. 2018.The idea that the degree of infringement public health interventions have on individual rights should be proportional to the degree of expected benefits has emerged as an influential principle in public health ethics and policy. While proportionality makes sense in theory, it may be difficult to implement in practice, due to the inherent conflict between individual rights and the common good underlying the principle. To apply the proportionality principle to a decision of policy, one must still …Read more
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1Review of Ethics and Health Care: An Introduction by John C. Moskop: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2016, ISBN 978-1-107-60175-8, 376 pp + xi (review)Monash Bioethics Review 36 (1-4): 94-95. 2018.
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16Coercion as Subjection and the Institutional Review BoardAmerican Journal of Bioethics 19 (9): 56-58. 2019.Volume 19, Issue 9, September 2019, Page 56-58.
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11Institutional Review Board Oversight of Citizen Science Research Involving Human SubjectsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 19 (8): 21-23. 2019.In their target article, “The Rise of Citizen Science in Health and Biomedical Research,” Andrea Wiggins and John Wilbanks (2019) summarize some of the emerging ethical issues related to citizen sc...
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13Commentary on Koplin and WilkinsonJournal of Medical Ethics 45 (7): 449-450. 2019.In their feature article, ‘Moral uncertainty and the farming of human-pig chimeras,’ Koplin and Wilkinson argue that there is a tension between thinking that creating pig-human chimaeras with partly humanised brains as a source of organs for transplantation as morally problematic because of the uncertainty of their moral status and thinking that the raising normal pigs for food is not morally problematic because of the certainty concerning their moral status.1 Koplin and Wilkson claim that the r…Read more
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130This book provides a framework for approaching ethical and policy dilemmas in research with human subjects from the perspective of trust. It explains how trust is important not only between investigators and subjects but also between and among other stakeholders involved in the research enterprise, including research staff, sponsors, institutions, communities, oversight committees, government agencies, and the general public. The book argues that trust should be viewed as a distinct ethical prin…Read more
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15Difficulties with Applying a Strong Social Value Requirement to Clinical ResearchHastings Center Report 48 (6): 35-37. 2018.In an insightful article published in this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Danielle Wenner criticizes what she describes as transactional approaches to the social value requirement in clinical research and defends a “basic structure approach.” Transactional approaches understand social value obligations as arising from transactions (or relationships) between research subjects, investigators, sponsors, and other parties. The basic structure approach, by contrast, understands social value obl…Read more
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94Value-entanglement and the integrity of scientific researchStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 75 1-11. 2019.
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22Practical Problems Related to Health Research Funding DecisionsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 18 (11): 21-22. 2018.
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2Roger Scrution: How to think seriously about the planet: the case for environmental conservatism (review)Monash Bioethics Review 33 (2-3): 229-230. 2015.
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11Paula Boddington: Ethical challenges in genomics research: a guide to understanding ethics in context: Springer, Berlin, 2012, xiv + 232 pp., ISBN 978-3-642-23699-0, e-ISBN 978-3-642-23699-0 (review)Monash Bioethics Review 32 (3-4): 291-292. 2014.
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39Reporting suspected abuse or neglect in research involving childrenJournal of Medical Ethics 44 (8): 555-559. 2018.In this article, we explore the ethical issues related to the reporting of suspected abuse or neglect in research involving children. Ethical dilemmas related to reporting child maltreatment are often complex because the rights of children and their adult caregivers may conflict and determinations of abuse or neglect are socially constructed judgments that depend on particular circumstances. We argue that when reporting is legally mandated, investigators must follow the law and report their susp…Read more
Areas of Specialization
Applied Ethics |
Philosophy of Biology |
General Philosophy of Science |