-
67Politics in its place: a study of six ideologiesOxford University Press. 1986.Deftly combining political science and philosophy, Graham systematically examines the central political ideologies of the Western world, including liberalism, socialism, democracy, nationalism, fascism, anarchy, and conservatism. He provides a clear account of the place of ideology in politics, touching on various sociological explanations as well as Marxist definitions. He explores the ideas of Mill, Marx, Locke, Luther, Fanon, Mussolini, and Burke as well as those of recent writers such as Rob…Read more
-
Macintyre's fusion of history and philosophyIn John Horton & Susan Mendus (eds.), After Macintyre: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair Macintyre, University of Notre Dame Press. 1994.
-
56Aesthetics as a Normative ScienceRoyal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 75 249-264. 2014.It is well known that we owe the term ‘aesthetics’ in its philosophical sense to the 18th century German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten. The eighteenth century's interest in aesthetics, however, pre-dated the invention of the term. In 1725, Francis Hutcheson published an Inquiry into the Original of Our Idea of Beauty and Virtue. This may be said to be the first sustained and significant work in philosophical aesthetics as we now know it. Hutcheson's volume preceded Baumgarten's by 10 years, a…Read more
-
Significance of Reid's Practical EthicsIn Sabine Roeser (ed.), Reid on ethics, Palgrave-macmillan. 2009.
-
26Politics, Religion, and National IdentityRoyal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 45 73-84. 2000.This essay is not a further contribution to the debate about liberal individualism, the chief topic of discussion in political and social philosophy for the last twenty-five years or more. Nevertheless it is necessary to begin by rehearsing some features of that debate, claims that will be very familiar to contemporary political philosophers. Inspired largely by John Rawls, the modern version of political liberalism has tried to make coherent a conception of politics according to which political…Read more
-
30Nature, Kant, and GodFaith and Philosophy 33 (2): 163-178. 2016.This paper draws on some lines of thought in Kant’s Critique of Judgment to construct an aesthetic counterpart to the moral argument for the existence of God that Kant formulates in the Critique of Practical Reason. The paper offers this aesthetic version as a theistic way of explaining how the natural world can be thought valuable independently of human desires and purposes. It further argues that such an argument must commend itself to anyone who is as deeply committed to the preservation of n…Read more
-
SCRUTON, ROGER From Descartes to Wittgenstein: A Short History of Modern Philosophy (review)Philosophy 57 (n/a): 419. 1982.
-
8Conceptions of natureIn Nicholas Adams, George Pattison & Graham Ward (eds.), The Oxford handbook of theology and modern European thought, Oxford University Press. pp. 399. 2013.
-
11The shape of the pastOxford University Press. 1997.Can human history as a whole be interpreted in any meaningful way? Has there been real progress between stone age and space age? Does history repeat itself? Is there evidence of divine providence? Questions such as these have fascinated thinkers, and some of the greatest philosophers, notably Kant and Hegel, have turned their minds to philosophical history. As a branch of philosophy, however, it has received little attention in the analytical tradition. This pioneering work aims to bring the met…Read more
-
14Reason and Religion. A Royal Institute of Philosophy SymposiumPhilosophical Quarterly 29 (117): 378. 1979.
-
315 Tolerance, Pluralism, and RelativismIn Paul K. Moser (ed.), Moral Relativism: A Reader, Oup Usa. pp. 226. 2000.
-
61Public opinion and the public sphereIn Christian Emden & David R. Midgley (eds.), Beyond Habermas: democracy, knowledge, and the public sphere, Berghahn Books. pp. 29. 2013.