Carlos Martinez

Viele Arbeitnehmer berichten bereits, dass sie sich von ihrer Arbeit entfremdet haben und ihren Arbeitsplatz als erdrückend oder wenig einladend empfinden, und erwarten, dass die Einführung neuer Technologien, einschließlich KI, ihre Unternehmenskultur nur noch weiter verschlechtern wird. In diesem Buch wird die Notwendigkeit eines humanen und verantwortungsvollen Umgangs mit dieser Technologie dargelegt, damit sich die Mitarbeiter nicht noch weiter vom Arbeitsplatz abwenden. Diese Änderung des Ansatzes sollte bedeuten, dass die Arbeitnehmer bei der Einführung von KI in einem Unternehmen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Gestaltung, Umsetzung und Bewertung dieser Technologie spielen. Auf diese Weise kann die Computertechnologie das menschliche Wohlergehen fördern, anstatt zu Entfremdung und Unsicherheit am Arbeitsplatz beizutragen. Dieses Buch ist eine Rückbesinnung auf eine Zeit, in der die hohe Theorie ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Diskussionen über Computertechnologie war. Es bringt verschiedene Disziplinen zusammen, um einige wichtige Fragen zu erörtern, die sich bei der Entwicklung und Anwendung von KI stellen, und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass diese Technologie derzeit von der falschen Theorie geleitet wird und eine humanistische Perspektive erforderlich ist, um ihr volles Potenzial zu erschließen. Die vorgestellten Ideen werden für Wissenschaftler und Studenten der KI von großem Interesse sein, die sich mit dem Arbeitsplatz, dem Verhalten von Organisationen und der Wirtschaftsethik beschäftigen. Die Übersetzung wurde mit Hilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz durchgeführt. Eine anschließende menschliche Überarbeitung erfolgte vor allem in Bezug auf den Inhalt. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

For some time, common sense has been viewed as a valuable source of knowledge in AI. Recently, a significant push is underway to accumulate a body of knowledge representative of common sense that can guide AI in a more socially-relevant manner. AI models are currently divorced from how everyday persons understand themselves, others, and their surroundings, and thus tend to hallucinate, or make inappropriate responses. The assumption is that a good dose of common sense may bring AI closer to how persons actually think and behave. Yet the search for common sense is guided by Cartesianism, and thus the resulting common sense does not reflect the daily lives of persons. In the Cartesian framework, the aim is to accumulate a large amount of objective data that allegedly represent the daily lives of persons. This essay advances an alternative, less dualistic philosophy that can bring AI closer to persons and how they make decisions. AI should be grounded in the lifeworld (Lebenswelt) of persons, a notion borrowed from phenomenology, so that this technology may become more individually and socially-attuned and relevant. FlourishingAI, a project in Bogotá, Colombia, is an example of how this philosophy can be put into practice. This essay envisions a more socially-responsible and less alienating AI that does not pose a threat to human existence.

The development of soft skills is highly relevant for a humanistic manager, for an inspirational leadership. However, MBAs around the world have not incorporated them as much as needed, which, in part, explain the global management crisis. Hence, in this chapter three top executives of two awarded companies were interviewed in order to know what skills they used to outperformed traditional management and obtain beyond excellent results. Once stated their soft skills they mastered, we compared them to a novel global initiative that is working in advancing the inner development—IDGs—in management and society. The results would give the reader elements to reflect and improve their management styles.

Bancoldex operates as a second-tier bank, affiliated with the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Tourism, embodying a mixed nature. It is categorized as an agency for business development and Colombian foreign trade. The management ethos of Bancoldex is rooted in the principle of conducting business while recognizing its employees as its most valuable asset. This perspective perceives employees not just as workers but as multifaceted individuals encompassing social, familial, and spiritual dimensions. Their aspirations, interests, challenges, and personal circumstances are acknowledged as factors that directly influence their productivity. Utilizing exploratory qualitative methodology, we conducted interviews with ten key executives at Bancoldex. Subsequently, employing grounded theory, this chapter illuminates the notable strides made by a governmental entity that places humanistic management at the forefront of its operations.

Many workers already report that they are alienated from their jobs and find their workplaces to be stifling or uninviting and expect that the introduction of new technologies, including AI, will only worsen their organizational culture. This book outlines the need for a humane and responsible approach to technology, so that employees are not further disengaged from the workplace. This shift in approach should mean that when AI is introduced into an organization, workers have a central role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of this technology. Computer technology can thus promote human flourishing instead of contributing to alienation and security in workplaces. This book is a throwback to a time when high theory was an important part of discussions about computer technology. It brings together diverse disciplines to interrogate some important issues facing the development and application of AI, ultimately concluding that this technology is currently being guided by the wrong theory and a humanistic perspective is needed to access its full potential. The ideas presented will be of great interest to scholars and students of AI who focus on the workplace, organizational behavior, and business ethics. John W. Murphy is Professor of Sociology at the University of Miami, USA. He is a social philosopher who works in the areas of technological studies, community planning, and organizational theory. Carlos Largacha-Martínez is Research Professor from the School of Management at the Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Colombia. He is a social futurist and quantic humanist who works in the areas of HCAI, humanistic management, and organizational behaviour.

Various terms have been used to highlight the ecological and conservation importance of tapirs. Some of them are more research-oriented, while others focus more on raising awareness of the importance of tapir conservation. Despite their primary use, it is highly desirable to know the extent to which these terms are supported by scientific evidence. We assess the suitability of the terms: umbrella species, forest gardeners, and landscape architects to be applied to tapirs, based on the analysis of empirical and published data focusing on Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii). We found that the distribution of tapirs in Mexico overlapped with that of 43 mammal species, while 28 mammal species overlapped with a set of random habitat patches of the same size as the tapir distribution. We also found that the Baird’s tapir is one of the most critical mammalian frugivores of three large-seeded tree species in the Lacandon forest of southern Mexico. We discuss the possible use of the term landscape gardener to highlight the spatial extent of the effects of tapir seed dispersal. Our results support the use of the terms umbrella species and forest gardener to refer to tapirs, but also highlight the need for a more coordinated research effort on tapir ecology.

Complaints and fears about AI have begun to mount and critics and supporters are talking about the need to develop a human-centric version of this technology. As a result, organizations have become the focus of attention, in an attempt to properly contextualize this technology. But there has been a blind-spot in this effort to introduce effectively AI into organizations. Specifically, organizations are treated very abstractly, that is, as empty vessels where AI is dumped. Organizations, however, are not abstract—they are mediated by social imagery, management theories, cultural elements, and the market. But some of these factors may inhibit the smooth integration of AI into an organization. This omission may become especially problematic when trying to humanize AI. Therefore, what is accomplished in this chapter are the following: (1) the character of these mediating factors is discussed, (2) their impact on organizational change is noted, and (3) how these organizational elements can be arranged to develop a human-centric AI that fuels a human-driven capitalism is examined. The overall aim of this contribution is to highlight some considerations that have been overlooked when discussing the implementation of AI in organizations and discuss how this technology can be contextualized to foster human flourishing at the workplace and support a sustainable capitalism.

AI-developers face a challenge when seeking to use models that aim to be culturally sensitive. While we agree that culture is an emergent reality, there is always the risk of creating algorithms that treat culture as objective to account for various facets of the social realm. As a result, culture becomes prepackaged and autonomous. Nonetheless, culture is not only emergent but dialogically and socially invented. In this article, the point is to advance the discussion about culture by addressing a crucial philosophical issue and proposing some practical themes on how to avoid culturalism in AI development.

AI is considered to be very abstract to a range of critics. In this regard, algorithms are referred to regularly as black boxes and divorced from human intervention. A particular philosophical maneuver supports this outcome. The aim of this article is to (1) bring the philosophy to the surface that has contributed to this distance between AI and people and (2) offer an alternative philosophical position that can bring this technology closer to individuals and communities. The overall goal of the analysis in this paper is the humanising of AI by addressing the shortcomings of conceptualising algorithms as black boxes.

Most workers report that they are alienated from their jobs and find their workplaces to be stifling and uninviting. Given this condition, the introduction of computer technology, including AI, will only make matters worse, unless a more humane organizational culture is created. The key point in this article is the need to produce a responsible technology, so that employees are not further overworked and manipulated. To achieve this end, phenomenology is invoked, particularly the life world, to provide technology with a human foundation. In practice, this shift in philosophy means that when AI is introduced into an organization, workers have a central role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of this technology. Computer technology can thus promote human flourishing instead of control and alienation in workplaces.

Most workers report that they are alienated from their jobs and find their workplaces to be stifling and uninviting. Given this condition, the introduction of computer technology, including AI, will only make matters worse, unless a more humane organizational culture is created. The key point in this article is the need to produce a responsible technology, so that employees are not further overworked and manipulated. To achieve this end, phenomenology is invoked, particularly the life world, to provide technology with a human foundation. In practice, this shift in philosophy means that when AI is introduced into an organization, workers have a central role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of this technology. Computer technology can thus promote human flourishing instead of control and alienation in workplaces.

Critics are calling for the decolonization of AI (artificial intelligence). The problem is that this technology is marginalizing other modes of knowledge with dehumanizing applications. What is needed to remedy this situation is the development of human-centric AI. However, there is a serious blind spot in this strategy that is addressed in this paper. The corrective that is usually proposed—participatory design—lacks the philosophical rigor to undercut the autonomy of AI, and thus the colonization spawned by this technology. A more radical or substantial proposal is advanced in this discussion that is known as community-based design. This alternative makes a theoretical maneuver that allows AI design to be directed by human agency, thereby introducing a safeguard that may help to prevent colonization by this technology.

The current study analyzed the relationship between Coronavirus Awareness, mental health, and willingness to seek professional psychological help. This was made through a quantitative approach, using online questionnaires to collect data from 855 subjects. The questionnaires included the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure mental health indicators, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale–Short Form, and the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-10. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that three factors underlie the CAS-10: Coronavirus Concern, Exaggerated Perception, and Immunity Perception. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Coronavirus Concern and both general anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms. Immunity Perception is positively related to paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms. A Mediation Analysis determined that Coronavirus Concern has a significant positive direct effect on Openness to Seeking Psychological Treatment, while Exaggerated Perception and Immunity Perception scores have significant direct negative effects on the Value and Need in Seeking Treatment scores. Indirectly, the relationship between Coronavirus Concern and OPST is significantly mediated by anxiety symptoms. Similar results were found for the VNST subscale. There is a negative significant effect of Immunity Perception over OSPT mediated by Paranoid Ideation. However, the overall model only achieved small r2 coefficients for the OSPT and VNST scores. Comparisons in Coronavirus Awareness between sex, age, and the presence of children and older adults at home were also made. These results are discussed regarding their practical implications for mental health providers and policymakers.

The Kantian notion of sublime is taken to be a dynamic kind of feeling that human beings can experiment on/with. For example, when an alpinist is on a mountain, alone, at a snowy edge, close to the peak he wants to conquer or when he watches a sunrise; in these moments the alpinist realizes how wonderful the nature is, how incredible the world is, and he realizes that only a thin line separates that feeling and death. There is just a void over that edge, a scary fall for hundreds of meters. This paper suggests that the sublime is a consequence of the approach, through these kinds of activities, to the environment; a feeling that provides us with knowledge of the limitless and, most importantly, a knowledge of our human condition. In the mountaineering, as in other kinds of physical, exploratory activities, the sublime is possible due to the physical skill and the power of decision and adaptation to the hazards of being in an extreme situation. This paper also shows how, through these kinds of activities, the sublime is maintained in confrontation with the western “society of simulation” and the ideas of virtual experience and “safe experience”.

The Kantian notion of sublime is taken to be a dynamic kind of feeling that human beings can experiment on/with. For example, when an alpinist is on a mountain, alone, at a snowy edge, close to the peak he wants to conquer or when he watches a sunrise; in these moments the alpinist realizes how wonderful the nature is, how incredible the world is, and he realizes that only a thin line separates that feeling from death. There is just a void over that edge, a scary fall for hundreds of meters. This paper suggests that the sublime is a consequence of the approach, through these kinds of activities, to the environment; a feeling that provides us with knowledge of the limitless and, most importantly, a knowledge of our human condition. In the mountaineering, as in other kinds of physical, exploratory activities, the sublime is possible due to the physical skill and the power of decision and adaptation to the hazards of being in an extreme situation. This paper also shows how, through these kinds of activities, the sublime is maintained in confrontation with the western “society of simulation” and the ideas of virtual experience and “safe experience”.

El revisionismo austríaco discutió la tesis de la historiografía económica clásica en torno a una supuesta incomprensión escolástica del mercado fundada en el “justo precio” y en la concepción aristotélica del valor, y vio en dicha concepción la raíz de la teoría subjetiva del valor sostenida por la primera generación de austríacos. Aquí mostramos, sin embargo, que los principales revisionistas austríacos realizaron una interpretación sesgada de la distinción entre valor de uso y valor de cambio en Aristóteles, e indicamos las claves esenciales en torno a las cuales debería girar la recuperación de la auténtica dimensión del valor económico en Aristóteles.

The aim of the article is to establish the way in which Resurrección [Resurrection], a novella by Jose Maria Rivas Groot, reflects the debates over the psychophysiological conception of consciousness that took place in Colombia at the beginning of the twentieth-century. The analysis, made from the standpoint of cultural history, explores the ideas of experimental psychologists and intellectuals, such as Claude Bernard, William James, Émile Zola or Paul Bourget, who, contrary to hegemonical discourses, suggested a sensory cause for consciousness. The article also studies, through a hermeneutical approach, the way in which such conception is developed within Rivas Groot’s work. This study reveals the interest of the writers of this period to explore the aesthetic elements provided by this new conception of the human being, which was undertaken by contrasting it with the forms and paradigms of the metaphysical stance and preferring the latter as the most plausible explanation for existence.

A través de la última distinctio del II Liber Sententiarum de Pedro Lombardo se instala en la currícula universitaria la discusión acerca del dominium de un hombre sobre otro, en el significativo contexto del acuerdo post-gregoriano entre el Sacerdotium y el Regnum fundador de la Christianitas. El artículo analiza las respuestas de los jóvenes bachilleres Buenaventura y Tomás de Aquino : el primero avanzando una tesis fundada en la adaequatio hominum, que mina los principios mismos del acuerdo ; y el segundo refutándola punto por punto, para justificar – desde la fundación metafísica de un ordo –, el sistema vigente, limitando la discusión filosófica sobre el dominium a un plano prevalentemente ético