Francisco Martinez

Animal vocalizations convey important information about the emitter, including sex, age, biological quality, and emotional state. Early on, Darwin proposed that sex differences in auditory signals and vocalizations were driven by sexual selection mechanisms. In humans, studies on the association between male voice attributes and physical formidability have thus far reported mixed results. Hence, with a view to furthering our understanding of the role of human voice in advertising physical formidability, we sought to identify acoustic attributes of male voices associated with physical formidability proxies. Mean fundamental frequency, formant dispersion, formant position, and vocal tract length data from a sample of 101 male voices was analyzed for potential associations with height, weight, and maximal handgrip strength. F0 correlated negatively with HGS; Pf showed negative correlations with HGS, height and weight, whereas VTL positively correlated with HGS, height and weight. All zero-order correlations remained significant after controlling for false discovery rate with the Benjamini–Hochberg method. After controlling for height and weight—and controlling for FDR—the correlation between F0 and HGS remained significant. In addition, to evaluate the ability of human male voices to advertise physical formidability to potential mates, 151 heterosexual female participants rated the voices of the 10 strongest and the 10 weakest males from the original sample for perceived physical strength, and given that physical strength is a desirable attribute in male partners, perceived attractiveness. Generalized linear mixed model analyses—which allow for generalization of inferences to other samples of both raters and targets—failed to support a significant association of perceived strength or attractiveness from voices alone and actual physical strength. These results add to the growing body of work on the role of human voices in conveying relevant biological information.

En el presente artículo se pretende demostrar que lo sonoro, lo luminoso y lo líquido, como elementos semánticos, son fundamentales para la construcción de lo fantástico y lo sepulcral en la leyenda El miserere de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. Estos elementos se interrelacionan por medio del ambiente sepulcral que se presenta en el texto, por medio de metáforas que los vinculan, y por medio de la forma en que se manifiestan en lo posible y lo imposible, cuya unión permite que lo fantástico sea posible.

Se defiende una política de lo común a partir de las aportaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas de Espinosa y de Deleuze. Una política capaz de articular las diferentes reivindicaciones de las minorías buscando escapar de la caída en los esencialismos identitarios excluyentes que definen de forma rígida quien es un verdadero proletario o una verdadera mujer, etc. Una política de lo común que partiendo de las diferencias se orienta hacia una política “de todo el mundo” y “para todo el mundo”, a través de devenires minoritarios que concluyen en un “devenir imperceptible”; es decir, es una política de las diferencias que desemboca en la indiferencia de cada cual, ya que se refiere a lo que tienen de común los individuos más que en aquello que los separa. Es una política basada en la razón, pero una razón que hace las cuentas con las pasiones, en la estela espinosiana, y con los factores inconscientes, en la estela deleuziana. Una razón, pues, situada y abierta a la sensibilidad, los afectos y los sentimientos, pero sin caer en retóricas irracionalistas o sensibleras.

El Jubileo Extraordinario de la Misericordia ha sido un importante acontecimiento eclesial, que ha permitido profundizar en esta realidad que el Papa Francisco define como “la viga maestra que sostiene la vida de la Iglesia”. En la historia de la Iglesia, los santos han vivido la experiencia de la misericordia de Dios de diversas maneras, y como vivencia personal la han reflejado en sus escritos. Es el caso de San Juan de Ávila, quien trató abundantemente sobre la misericordia tanto en sus obras impresas como en su epistolario y en sus predicaciones. El presente artículo pretende resumir la riqueza del magisterio del Apóstol de Andalucía sobre la misericordia.

Background: The field of voice and speech analysis has become increasingly popular over the last 10 years, and articles on its use in detecting neurodegenerative diseases have proliferated. Many studies have identified characteristic speech features that can be used to draw an accurate distinction between healthy aging among older people and those with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Speech analysis has been singled out as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting the presence of both conditions. In this research, a systematic review was conducted to determine these features and their diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was located across multiple databases, involving studies that apply new procedures of automatic speech analysis to collect behavioral evidence of linguistic impairments along with their diagnostic accuracy on Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The risk of bias was assessed by using JBI and QUADAS-2 checklists.Results: Thirty-five papers met the inclusion criteria; of these, 11 were descriptive studies that either identified voice features or explored their cognitive correlates, and the rest were diagnostic studies. Overall, the studies were of good quality and presented solid evidence of the usefulness of this technique. The distinctive acoustic and rhythmic features found are gathered. Most studies record a diagnostic accuracy over 88% for Alzheimer's and 80% for mild cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Automatic speech analysis is a promising tool for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The reported features seem to be indicators of the cognitive changes in older people. The specific features and the cognitive changes involved could be the subject of further research.

In recent decades, the expansion of economic activity has been accompanied by negative environmental impacts. In response, there have been dramatic changes worldwide in terms of an increased demand for environmentally friendly products and services. To achieve these eco-innovations, firms have sought to acquire knowledge and implement operational flexibility by cooperating with different agents such as universities through a value cocreation system that is also expected to enhance firms’ performance. Using a sample of 250 companies, the present paper examines the role of cooperation with universities in the development of diverse environmental innovations and building operational flexibility and, through this, improving firm performance. Results show that firms that value cooperation with universities develop a wider range of environmental innovations and increase their sales and benefits.

Background The birth plan is a tool that allows the self-learning and thoughtful analysis of the women during the birthing process, facilitating their making of decisions and participation, in agreement with the bioethical principles of autonomy and no malfeasance. Goal: To understand the perception and satisfaction of women who presented a birth plan. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The population of the study was composed of 21 women who presented a birth plan regulated in a Hospital ever since the recording of the presentation of the birth plan was started until 2015. Place: Cartagena. Techniques/methods: Semistructured interview. Results-Discussion: Most women considered the plan as a useful self-learning tool on the meaning of the birthing process, as it favored the communication between the expectant mothers/health professionals. Our informants sought information related to the birthing process from informal sources; most perceived a level of respect of their wishes during the process of giving birth. The use of the birth plan did not imply the perception of loss of the degree of control during the birth, although attention to the written document could be improved. Conclusions The use of the birth plan is a very satisfactory and useful experience for their involvement in their self-care, although in some cases, the births did not proceed according to their plans. Nevertheless, the prevalence of the principle of Non-Malfeasance over Autonomy was evidenced.

A partir del conjunto de datos bíblicos, donde se muestra la existencia de una doctrina asentada en lo concerniente a las relaciones de la fe y los sacramentos, el artículo ofrece algunas reflexiones y prospectivas que ayuden al derecho y a la pastoral sacramental a superar la dificultad que representan en la actualidad muchas situaciones de inadecuación entre la fe y el sacramento. Las principales cuestiones tratadas son: el papel de la fe personal en el proceso de la iniciación cristiana, la recuperación del carácter “sacramental” del catecumenado y el valor propedéutico e iniciático de las celebraciones pre-sacramentales.

El artículo propone una reflexión sobre la incidencia del contexto en el pensar teológico sobre la cristología. Con ella se quiere mostrar la necesidad no solo de una reflexión, sino igualmente de una didáctica que ayude a los alumnos a apropiarse significativamente de los contenidos dogmáticos de forma que puedan insertarlos en la dinámica de la evangelización. La idea de fondo es que no existe una cristología acontextual, sino solo contextuada o descontextuada, lo que obliga a una continua reapropiación de sus contenidos que muestre que el señorío de Cristo puede asumir todas las culturas y todos los momentos de la historia humana consumándolos salvíficamente.

El artículo presenta una lectura de fondo del Decreto de Reforma de los estudios eclesiás-ticos de Filosofía centrándose en la presentación del contexto cultural que lo enmarca. Este contexto está definido por la reducción de la comprensión de la verdad y del sen-tido a verdad instrumental y sentido subjetivo. La reflexión propone una lectura de la situación y de las pers-pectivas que deben desarrollarse a partir del símil de la analogía, con sus tres vías de aproximación a la realidad de Dios. Finalmente deja constancia de la nueva normativa que ofrece el Decreto

En primer lugar convendría preguntarse qué sentido tiene hoy a principios del siglo veintiuno recordar a un autor del siglo dieciséis y además teólogo escolástico, dos atributos de dudoso reconocimiento en nuestros días. Aparte del mero interés localista de recuperar las celebridades autóctonas hay al menos dos motivos que podrían justificar el recuerdo del maestro de Tarancón. En primer lugar, su pertenencia a una Escuela, la de Salamanca, cuya importancia en la filosofía no sólo española sino ibérica, dada la conexión tan íntima que siempre existió entre la Universidad de Salamanca y las de diversas ciudades portuguesas como las de Coimbra o Évora, por ejemplo, es muy destacable. Si tiene algún sentido reivindicar una filosofía hispánica, aunque no solo escrita en español, sino también en latín y portugués, no se puede olvidar que algunas de las grandes cumbres de dicha filosofía estarían en los maestros salmantinos, entre los que destacaba Melchor Cano. Por otra parte, y esto en relación con el debate acerca de la noción de modernidad y sus orígenes filosóficos y teológicos, cada vez es más evidente para todos los estudiosos que se acercan a la gé- nesis de la filosofía moderna, la importancia central que en dicha génesis tiene la Escolástica tardía hispánica, especialmente la monumental obra de Suárez.

Spain’s Roma community has its own cultural and moral values. These values influence the way in which end-of-life decision-making is confronted. The objective of this study was to explore the perspective of Roma women on end-of-life decision-making. It was a qualitative study involving thirty-three Roma women belonging to groups for training and social development in two municipalities. We brought together five focus groups between February and December 2012. Six mediators each recruited five to six participants. We considered age and care role to be the variables that can have the most influence on opinion regarding end-of-life decision-making. We considered the discussion saturated when the ideas expressed were repeated. Data analysis was carried out according to five steps: describing, organizing, connecting, corroborating/legitimating, and representing the account. The main ideas gleaned from the data were as follows: the important role of the family in end-of-life care, especially the role of women; the large influence of community opinion over personal or family decisions, typical of closed societies; the different preferences women had for themselves compared to that for others regarding desired end-of-life care; unawareness or rejection of advance directives. Roma women wish for their healthcare preferences to be taken into account, but “not in writing.” The study concluded that the success of end-of-life healthcare in Roma families and of their involvement in the making of healthcare decisions depends upon considering and respecting their idiosyncrasy