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71,,[...] wollen wir den Begriff der Pflicht vor uns nehmen [...]". Die vier ersten der,drei Sätze' in Grundlegung I (04:397–400)Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 72 (4): 492-501. 2018.In the first section of the Groundwork, Kant claims that his definition of,,duty" follows as a consequence (,,Folgerung") from two antecedent propositions – but he only makes the,,second" one explicit. Over the last seventy years, scholars have tried without success to pinpoint Kant's,,first proposition". This paper uncovers the first proposition in the text, establishes the validity of the,,consequence", and shows its importance for the argument of the book as a whole.
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75Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 109 Heft: 1 Seiten: 47-71.
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115Die „consequente Denkungsart der speculativen Kritik“Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 58 (4): 595-628. 2010.In his critical writings before 1786 Kant argues that trans¬cendental freedom is a problem for speculative philosophy and that this problem was solved satisfyingly in 1781 by his own Transcendental Idealism. In the Groundwork, 1785, after having linked the moral law inseparably to transcendental freedom by his discovery of autonomy, Kant claimed that the moral law can be deduced from freedom thus established. But in May 1786 he was persuaded by a review-article that his 1781/85-deduction of fr…Read more
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88What Is Newton's Law of Inertia About? Philosophical Reasoning and Explanation in Newton's PrincipiaScience in Context 5 (1): 139-163. 1992.The ArgumentIn this paper it will be shown that Newton'sPrincipiagives an explication of and an argument for the first Law of Motion, that seems to be outside the scope of today's philosophy of science but was familiar to seventeenth-century commentators: The foundation of classical mechanics is possible only by recurrence to results of a successful technical practice. Laws of classical mechanics gain their meaning as well as their claims to validity only when considered as statements about arti…Read more
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1Naturrecht ohne Grundsatz? John Locke über die "Reasonableness of morality"Jahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 12. 2004.At the latest following Pufendorf's Jus naturae et gentium , the attempt to develop natural law out of one basic principle is prominent. Although John Locke characterizes Pufendorf's natural law as worthy of emulation and his own Treatises of Government reveal obvious traces of Pufendorf's ideas, still one fails to find any influence by the "basic-principle idea." Furthermore, Locke never explicates the mathematically demonstrative principle for law and morals, which he introduced in his Essay C…Read more
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5Is nature's inevitable goal a republic? Some reflections on a puzzling passage in Kant's peace writingKant Studien 88 (2). 1997.
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5Die Begründung Einer Autonomen Moralwissenschaft in Thomas Hobbes' LeviathanJahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 8. 2000.Hugo Grotius und Thomas Hobbes stehen beide in unterschiedlicher Weise für einen Neubeginn in der Politischen Philosophie bzw. in der Rehtsphlosophie. Während bei Grotius die Anknüpfung an die vorangehende Tradition des Christlichen Naturrechts gleichwohl unübersehbar ist, ist Hobbes' Beziehung zum Naturrecht kontrovers. In der Konfrontation beider Autoren mit dem in der scholastischen Diskussion herausgearbeiteten Naturgesetzbegriff zeigt sich, wie die Auseinandersetzung zwischen den voluntaris…Read more
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1Zum Frieden verurteilt? Was „garantiert“ die Natur in Kants Traktat vom Ewigen Frieden?Jahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 13. 2005.In a famous passage in Perpetual Peace , Kant discusses a “natural guarantee“ of perpetual peace. Basically, this natural guarantee relieves human beings of the obligation to actively promote the development of law in the world, because one can expect it to develop anyway. Yet Kant calls the guarantee practical, meaning the guarantee has no direct prognostic value. One can see that this guarantee is merely a guarantee of success, which ensures that human conduct aimed toward attaining perpetual …Read more
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39Kants Kritisches StaatsrechtJahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 2. 1994.Contrary to popular assumption, Kant's theory of state experienced a major transformation during the period between "On the Common Saying" of 1793 and the "Metaphysical First Principles of the Doctrine of Right" of 1797. This transformation is primarily expressed in the systematic new formulation of the relationship between "noumenal state" and "phenomenal state". Kant's new system permits him, on the one hand, to develop the idea of state a priori from his theory of private right and thus to sy…Read more
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145'The right of a state' in Immanuel Kant's Doctrine of RightJournal of the History of Philosophy 28 (3): 403-415. 1990.It is a widely accepted opinion that the Doctrine of Right is an imperfect product of Kant's later life, affected by the author's senility. This article shows (by focusing on the 'Right of a State') there is strong evidence that the printed version of 1797 delivers not the text Kant intended to publish, but an incorrect composition out of his manuscript, being assembled by third hand. In the paper the originally intended text is reconstructed by following the internal cross-references given by t…Read more
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2Kants Rechtslehre. Mit einer Untersuchung zur Drucklegung Kantischer Schriften von Werner StarkTijdschrift Voor Filosofie 52 (1): 141-141. 1990.
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5Die 'praktische Vernunft' - Ein Hölzernes Eisen? Zum Verhältnis Von Voluntarismus Und Rationalismus In Kants MoralphilosophieJahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 5. 1997.It is first Kant who makes "practical reason" a central term in moral philosophy. He departs from a tradition which assigned clearly distinct roles within the theory of moral obligation to "ratio" on the one hand, and "voluntas" on the other. Using an example of a Christian natural law approach employed before Kant, the article isolates and portrays each of these roles. Against this background it shows that Kant transforms a theological argument for God's self-obligation though His own will to c…Read more
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33Comment on Brandt's: Does nature tend ineluctably to a republic?Kant Studien 89 (1): 80-83. 1998.
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101A careful examination of the concept of a "physical law" in modern experimental science reveals that "cause" is a purely metatheoretical term in physics: Causal knowledge is merely pre-nomological knowledge about the explanatory and predictive relevance of our nomological knowledge, and that is: of our theories. While effects are facts, that is, events under a certain (theory-dependent) description, causes are just events. Causal talk comes into play only when physical explanations of certain fa…Read more
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107Review: Adam, Despotie der Vernunft? Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel (review)Journal of the History of Philosophy 38 (4): 591-593. 2000.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Despotie der Vernunft? Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant HegelBernd LudwigArmin Adam. Despotie der Vernunft? Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant Hegel. Reihe praktische Philosophie. Műnchen: Karl Alber Verlag, 1999. Pp. 304. Cloth, DM 74.00.Eine Philosophie der Vernunft bedroht die Freiheit, weil der Versuch einer konsequenten Begründung der politischen Institutionen aus Freiheit und Vernunft den Absolutismus ebendieser Institutionen begünstigt …Read more
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45„Ohne alles moralische Gefühl ist kein Mensch…“ – lebendige, vernünftige und sittliche Weltwesen bei KantIn Inga Römer (ed.), Affektivität und Ethik bei Kant und in der Phänomenologie, De Gruyter. pp. 117-142. 2014.
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48Kants Bruch mit der schulphilosophischen Freiheitslehre im Jahre 1786 und die „Consequente Denkungsart der speculativen Critik"In Stefano Bacin, Alfredo Ferrarin, Claudio La Rocca & Margit Ruffing (eds.), Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht. Akten des XI. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, De Gruyter. pp. 371-384. 2013.
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39Die Freiheit des Willens und die Freiheit zum Bösen. Inhaltliche Inversionen und terminologische Ausdifferenzierungen in Kants Moralphilosophie zwischen 1781 und 1797In Heiko Puls (ed.), Kants Rechtfertigung des Sittengesetzes in Grundlegung III: Deduktion oder Faktum?, De Gruyter. pp. 227-268. 2014.
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2Kants Verabschiedung der Vertragstheorie - Konsequenzen für eine Theorie sozialer GerechtigkeitJahrbuch für Recht Und Ethik 1. 1993.Characterizations of Kant's legal and political philosophy with regard to its affinity toward basic socio-political positions generally range between the two extremes of a social welfare state, on the one hand, and a libertarian laissez-faire state, on the other. The purpose of this article is to provide a three-tiered analysis showing that the issue of "social justice" is not raised at all within the narrower framework of Kant's legal philosophy, that instead Kant's legal philosophy is mainly n…Read more
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81Hat Thomas Hobbes gegen Ende seines Pariser Exils mit "Elements", "Rudiments" und "Leviathan" nur verschiedene englische Versionen seiner Politischen Philosophie für unterschiedliche Adressaten veröffentlicht? Eine derartige Erklärung von Hobbes' publizistischer 'broadside on England' scheitert jedoch bereits an der Tatsache, daß die Wiederveröffentlichung der beiden älteren Schriften ohne Hobbes' Wissen oder gar Zutun geschah: Es waren royalistische Raubdrucke. Hobbes' endgültige Darstellung de…Read more
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49Commentary on Kant's treatment of constitutional right (metaphysics of morals II: general remark A, §§ 51-52 conclusion, appendix)In Karl Ameriks (ed.), Kant's Moral and Legal Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. pp. 265. 2009.
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44Whence Public Right? The Role of Theoretical and Practical Reasoning in Kant's Doctrine of RightIn Mark Timmons (ed.), Kant's Metaphysics of morals: interpetative essays, Oxford University Press. 2002.
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52EinleitungIn Mario Brandhorst, Andree Hahmann & Bernd Ludwig (eds.), Sind wir Bürger zweier Welten?: Freiheit und moralische Verantwortung im transzendentalen Idealismus, Meiner. pp. 9-20. 2012.
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131Scientia civilis more geometrico - Die philosophische Methode als architektonisches Prinzip in Hobbes' LeviathanHobbes Studies 8 (1): 46-87. 1995.
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290Kant, garve, and the motives of moral actionJournal of Moral Philosophy 4 (2): 183-193. 2007.against Garve' constitute his reaction to the latter's remarks on Cicero's De Officiis . Two related criticisms of Kant's against Garve are discussed in brief in this paper. A closer look is then taken at Garve's claim that `Kantian morality destroys all incentives that can move human beings to act at all'. I argue that Kant and Garve rely on two different models of human action for their analyses of moral motivation; these models differ in what each takes to be salient for the explanation of hu…Read more
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79Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft hat die Wirklichkeit der Freiheit nicht bewiesen, ja nicht einmal deren MöglichkeitKant Studien 106 (3): 398-417. 2015.A famous passage in the first Critique (A 557 f.) often gives rise to the belief that Kant had not yet delivered a full treatment of freedom in 1781 and intended to shift this treatment to future writings. However, a closer inspection of the passage reveals that, to the contrary, Kant claims that due to the limitations of human reason his critical account of freedom given thus far must be considered complete. And indeed, this account reappears unchanged in the Groundwork. When considered in this…Read more
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62"Handle äußerlich so, daß der freie Gebrauch deiner Willkür mit der Freiheit von jedermann nach einem allgemeinen Gesetz zusammenbestehen könne." Dieses oberste Rechtsprinzip formulierte Kant im ersten Teil der "Metaphysik der Sitten", der "Rechtslehre" (1797). Bereits bei Erscheinen zog der Text die Kritik auf sich, er weise in seiner Anordnung Unstimmigkeiten auf, sei partiell unverständlich Die Neuedition bietet einen von Verderbtheiten völlig bereinigten Text, der damit erstmals in einer Fas…Read more
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60Was ist Eigentum? Philosophische Eigentumstheorien von Platon bis Habermas (edited book)C. H. Beck Verlag. 2005.Angesichts einer zunehmenden Polarisierung moderner Gesellschaften in Arm und Reich gewinnt das Thema Eigentum wieder an Aktualität und Brisanz. Für die erneut aufbrechende Diskussion ist diese kompetente Überblicksdarstellung der wichtigsten Eigentumstheorien von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart hilfreich und willkommen. Sie zeigt, daß die Frage des Eigentums in der Philosophie vornehmlich unter ethischen und moralischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt wird. So liefert sie wertvolle Denkanstöße und läßt …Read more
Areas of Specialization
| 17th/18th Century Philosophy |
Areas of Interest
| Social and Political Philosophy |
| 17th/18th Century Philosophy |