C. James

We conducted focus groups to assess patient attitudes toward research on medical practices in the context of usual care. We found that patients focus on the implications of this research for their relationship with and trust in their physicians. Patients view research on medical practices as separate from usual care, demanding dissemination of information and in most cases, individual consent. Patients expect information about this research to come through their physician, whom they rely on to identify and filter associated risks. In general, patients support this research, but worry that participation in research involving randomization may undermine individualized care that acknowledges their unique medical histories. These findings suggest the need for public education on variation in practice among physicians and the need for a collaborative approach to the governance of research on medical practices that addresses core values of trust, transparency, and partnership

Presumption and Burden of Proof issues play a unique role in argumentation studies. Particular argumentative methods and techniques may advance or deter a line of reasoning, but burden and presumption issues decide when a line of reasoning is needed at all. There is little doubt that burden and presumption issues are hugely influential in determining the outcome of conflicts. In law, most burden and presumption issues are typically decided well before trials proceed and in fact must be decided in order for trials to go forward. Once the burden and presumption issues are decided, some cases resolve themselves. And so being able to shift the burden of proof or change presumption is a power that seems to be qualitatively different from the power of ordinary argumentative techniques. For it is a power that shapes the rules whereby arguments proceed and the standards by which they are evaluated. Other kinds of arguments take place within the framework established by burden and presumption. Burden and presumption govern argumentation, make it possible, limit and define its outcome.

When culture makes itself at home in motion, where does an anthropologist stand? In a follow-up to The Predicament of Culture, one of the defining books for anthropology in the last decade, James Clifford takes the proper measure: a moving picture of a world that doesn't stand still, that reveals itself en route, in the airport lounge and the parking lot as much as in the marketplace and the museum. In this collage of essays, meditations, poems, and travel reports, Clifford takes travel and its difficult companion, translation, as openings into a complex modernity. He contemplates a world ever more connected yet not homogeneous, a global history proceeding from the fraught legacies of exploration, colonization, capitalist expansion, immigration, labor mobility, and tourism. Ranging from Highland New Guinea to northern California, from Vancouver to London, he probes current approaches to the interpretation and display of non-Western arts and cultures. Wherever people and things cross paths and where institutional forces work to discipline unruly encounters, Clifford's concern is with struggles to displace stereotypes, to recognize divergent histories, to sustain "postcolonial" and "tribal" identities in contexts of domination and globalization. Travel, diaspora, border crossing, self-location, the making of homes away from home: these are transcultural predicaments for the late twentieth century. The map that might account for them, the history of an entangled modernity, emerges here as an unfinished series of paths and negotiations, leading in many directions while returning again and again to the struggles and arts of cultural encounter, the impossible, inescapable tasks of translation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2000, held in London, UK in July 2000 as past of CL 2000. The 15 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. The papers address all current issues in inductive logic programming and inductive learning, from foundational aspects to applications in various fields like data mining, knowledge discovery, and ILP system design.

The two-volume set LNCS 1842/1843 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2000, held in Dublin, Ireland in June/July 2000. The 116 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 266 submissions. The two volumes offer topical sections on recognitions and modelling; stereoscopic vision; texture and shading; shape; structure from motion; image features; active, real-time, and robot vision; segmentation and grouping; vision systems engineering and evaluation; calibration; medical image understanding; and visual motion.

For my dissertation, I analyze the impact of English philosopher Stephen Toulmin's 1958 The Uses of Argument on philosophy and rhetoric. Because Toulmin holds that arguments must be assessed in relation to their original contexts, I begin by examining the intellectual context surrounding The Uses of Argument. I trace the development of formal, symbolic logic from the latter part of the nineteenth century and into the middle of the twentieth century. I argue that Toulmin was inspired by the work of ordinary language philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein; with The Uses of Argument, Toulmin challenges the mathematical, deductive, and positivistic logics of philosophers such as Rene Descartes and Bertrand Russell. Next, I consider features of The Uses of Argument that are overlooked or misunderstood by critics and reviewers, including Toulmin's discussion of probability, field-dependent and independent aspects of arguments, and epistemological theory. ;After finding that many of the reviews of Toulmin's work were not as critical as recent scholars of rhetoric have portrayed, I evaluate the various ways philosophers and speech communication scholars have responded to Toulmin's arguments. Before examining composition scholars' uses of Toulmin, I briefly trace the development of argumentation in composition instruction. Then, I evaluate the wide range of reactions to and uses of Toulmin's work by composition scholars. ;Finally, having examined the intellectual history, the critical reception, and the variety of scholarly applications of The Uses of Argument , I offer my own application of Toulmin's work. I explain that good, "Toulmin-inspired" arguments are contextual, supported, and multi-sided. Using student examples from my freshman composition courses, I demonstrate how students and I have used Toulmin's schema in several stages of the writing process, including invention and revision. I conclude that while Toulmin's work has had a significant impact on argumentation theory and pedagogy, rhetoricians---particularly composition scholars---have not yet fully realized the rhetorical and epistemological implications of The Uses of Argument

This work examines the existential social ontology of Martin Heidegger. The main argument is that there is in Being and Time an extended construction of a concept of social Dasein, and that this concept of social Dasein is employed in hitherto neglected ways in Heidegger's political writings. ;The argument is made primarily through an interpretation which identifies, analyzes and orders into concepts the many references to individuality and sociality in Being and Time and in Heidegger's political writings. ;Part one of the work treats the social ontology of Being and Time. Chapter one sets forth the thesis against the background of the dominant interpretations found in the Heidegger literature, and defines "social Dasein" in terms of Heidegger's own social vocabulary. Chapter two argues that there is a primacy of being-with in understanding, state-of-mind and worldhood itself, as well as in falling and co-Dasein. Chapter three treats Dasein in its individual ways of existing, and ends with some conclusions about selfhood and its relation to social change. Chapter four analyses the relation of individuality and sociality in Dasein's "full authentic historizing," and offers some conclusions about the structure and limits of authentic sociality. ;Part two treats Heidegger's political writings in the light of the concept of social Dasein. Chapter five interprets the " wissenschaftliches Dasein " of the Rectoral address as in fact a mode of social Dasein. Chapter six further traces the development of Heidegger's social ontology in a speech and essay which treat international understanding in terms of the concept of the Dasein of a Volk. ;The conclusion of the work argues that Heidegger's conceptions of the role of wissenschaftliches Dasein in society and of the Volk as an existential feature of Dasein whereby social Dasein is sustained are not only incompatible with Nazi ideas but subversive of them