Martha Nussbaum

Las nuevas posibilidades abiertas por la investigación científica, especialmente en el campo de la genética, por un lado generan interrogantes morales hasta ahora desconocidos y, por otro, nos obligan a reformular de una manera totalmente nueva cuestiones y conceptos que hasta ahora funcionaban de forma adecuada. Así ocurre, por ejemplo, con las teorías de la justicia: estamos acostumbrados a que exista un acuerdo relativamente amplio en torno al concepto de persona, y la discusión se suele centrar en el tipo de bienes que habrían de distribuirse entre un conjunto dado de individuos. Pero la posibilidad de transformar los talentos personales y, así, modificar algunos rasgos de nuestra población de acuerdo con criterios actuales, abre un importante debate en la medida en que dichos cambios pueden considerarse recursos y, así, objeto de redistribución. Por otro lado, el hecho de que ciertas alteraciones puedan o incluso deban realizarse con vistas al bien de futuros individuos conlleva el riesgo de que se abra paso una homogeneización social empobrecedora o de que se eliminen valiosas formas de vida y de cultura. Dado que esta incipiente posibilidad plantea aporías y amenazas inquietantes, la reflexión rigurosa constituye una herramienta crítica fundamental e imprescindible

Robert Adams has written a most impressive book. To say that it is the major philosophical contribution to theocentric ethics in recent years, given moral philosophers’ general avoidance of religious topics, would be grossly inadequate praise. Nor would that judgment adequately convey the book’s fresh and subtle contributions to many more familiar topics in philosophical ethics, from the nature of ethical language to the virtues to the role of civil liberties in a pluralistic society. Most impressive, as well, are the fairness and precision, as well as the erudition, displayed in Adams’s discussions of other philosophers and religious thinkers, past and present.

Writers of fiction have always confronted topics of crime and punishment. This age-old fascination with crime on the part of both authors and readers is not surprising, given that criminal justice touches on so many political and psychological themes essential to literature, and comes equippedwith a trial process that contains its own dramatic structure. This volume explores this profound and enduring literary engagement with crime, investigation, and criminal justice. The collected essays explore three themes that connect the world of law with that of fiction. First, defining and punishing crime is one of the fundamental purposes of government,along with the protection of victims by the prevention of crime. And yet criminal punishment remains one of the most abused and terrifying forms of political power. Second, crime is intensely psychological and therefore an important subject by which a writer can develop and explore character. Athird connection between criminal justice and fiction involves the inherently dramatic nature of the legal system itself, particularly the trial. Moreover, the ongoing public conversation about crime and punishment suggests that the time is ripe for collaboration between law and literature in thistroubled domain.The essays in this collection span a wide array of genres, including tragic drama, science fiction, lyric poetry, autobiography, and mystery novels. The works discussed include works as old as fifth-century BCE Greek tragedy and as recent as contemporary novels, memoirs, and mystery novels. Thecumulative result is arresting: there are "killer wives" and crimes against trees; a government bureaucrat who sends political adversaries to their death for treason before falling to the same fate himself; a convicted murderer who doesn't die when hanged; a psychopathogical collector whose quitesane kidnapping victim nevertheless also collects; Justice Thomas' reading and misreading of Bigger Thomas; a man who forgives his son's murderer and one who cannot forgive his wife's non-existent adultery; fictional detectives who draw on historical analysis to solve murders. These essays begin aconversation, and they illustrate the great depth and power of crime in literature.

L’article dont nous présentons ici la traduction fait partie des principaux textes qui ont, au début des années 1990, remis au goût du jour la perspective cosmopolitique. C’est ce caractère rénovateur qui motive notre choix de publication. Depuis la rédaction de cet article, Martha Nussbaum a régulièrement écrit sur la notion de cosmopolitisme et sur son articulation avec l’idée de patriotisme, précisant sa pensée sur ce point. Son article le plus récent sur cette question précise est « Toward a globally sensitive patriotism » (paru dans la revue Dædalus, CXXXVII, n? 3, 2008, p. 78-93).