Joaquim Braga

Ausgangspunkt für diese Kritik des Bildbegriffs ist das triadische Grundverhältnis von Bild, Wahrnehmung und symbolischen Formen. Aus dem Grunde geht die thematische Richtung des Werks vor allem von einem kulturphilosophischen Kriterium des Bildbegriffs – das Kriterium der symbolischen Artikulation – hin zu einer Bestimmung der Individualität des Bildes als Kunstwerk und dadurch auch zu einer normativen Bestimmung des Bildbegriffs selbst. Es ist genau die Cassirersche Beziehung zwischen dem Begriff der symbolischen Prägnanz und dem Begriff des physiognomischen Formerlebnisses, die das Bild als Kunstwerk in eine eigentümliche und originelle Weise zum Ausdruck bringt und, was diese Reflexion betrifft, dem Kernpunkt des Bildbegriffs, den hier sich nach der Philosophie Cassirers entwickelt, entspricht. Diese Reflexion bietet sowohl eine neue Lesart der Casssirerschen Philosophie, als auch wichtige theoretische Brennpunkte für die Bereichen der Bildwissenschaft, Kunst- und Kulturphilosophie.

In a first approach, “caring” can be understood as a way of articulating time in full agreement with the need of others. Therefore, and thanks to care, we profit with the access to a peculiar consciousness of time which transcends the practical time of caring and simultaneously fosters and frames our own perception of time itself. Nevertheless, we know that in several care institutions there is a kind of “economic time” which is necessary both to the meeting with the most urgent needs as to fill the scarcity of the available resources. The time of institutionalized care is, above all, measured by the spatial conditions and possibilities as well as by the individuals who daily dwell and struggle in between such factors. The institutionalization of care practices tends to arouse an apparent primacy of space over time. Hospitals, nursing homes, day-care centers for children, recovery centers, among others, are now more likely than ever to fill the lack of time of individuals. Therefore, space is also a material reaction both to the lack of time and to the consciousness of time, especially boosted by those who abandon their loved ones. Based on these multiple articulations of time and space, I will try to show how the relational nature of care is transformed and gives rise to new ways of conceiving the idea of caring.

This volume sets out to chart a path at the intersection between the histories of medicine and philosophy concerning a topic that is prominent in contemporary debates, i.e. the translation of physiology, and accordingly pathology, into numerical terms. In particular, the book discusses and contextualizes issues that are simultaneous of medical and philosophical import, such as the quantification of temperaments and complexions, the quantification of life processes and physiology, the quantification of embryology, the impact of quantified reasoning on the notions of virtue, vice, health, illness, personhood, certainty, as well as the various ways in which philosophers have rejected the reduction of life to a quantitative and numerical approach. This introduction offers an overview on the epistemological challenge of quantification in classical philosophy. It also provides a historical account of the practices and conceptualizations of quantification as applied to the domains of biology, physiology, and pathology.