Annette Van

This paper provides a concise description and discussion of bottom–up and top–down approaches to misattribution of agency in schizophrenia. It explores if first-person accounts of passivity phenomena can provide support for one of these approaches. The focus is on excerpts in which the writers specifically examine their experiences of external influence. None of the accounts provides arguments that fit easily with only one of the possible approaches, which is in line with current attempts to theoretical integration.

L'étude d'Ann Van Sevenant se fonde sur l'un des textes les plus anciens de l'humanité, appelés les Gothas. Ces chants, attribués à Zarathushtra Spitama, sont à l'origine de la religion zoroastrienne, qui a eu une influence considérable sur les trois monothéismes et qui est encore pratiquée aujourd'hui par 250 000 personnes dans le monde. Mais il y a aussi une dimension existentielle dans la pensée de Zarathoustra dont les grands philosophes orientaux et occidentaux se sont inspirés tout au long de l'histoire, entre autres, Pythagore, Héraclite, Platon, Aristote, Plotin, Mani, Augustin, Avicenne,Thomas d'Aquin, Pléthon, Ficino, Spinoza, Hume,Voltaire, Kant, Hegel et Nietzsche. Cet ouvrage propose une nouvelle approche de la philosophie à partir de Zarathoustra."--Page 4 of cover.

In most Western university studies, Greek philosophy is considered the most ancient kind of wisdom, but the Zoroastrian way of life can be traced back to the second millennium BC. The Gathas, hymns or songs attributed to Zarathustra, hold an existential and practical philosophy avant la lettre. It is based on mental exercises and on rituals that have survived thanks to the Zoroastrian religious communities. Not only does the Persian thinker unveil a mental wisdom for us; he also introduces us to an ecological concern and a social practice. There is a cosmopolite dimension to Zarathustra's proto-philosophy that we can all apply in a personal way.