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    Jeffrey C. Isaac, Power and Marxist Theory: A Realist View Reviewed by
    Philosophy in Review 8 (9): 348-351. 1988.
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    Durable empowerment
    Journal of Global Ethics 4 (3). 2008.
    As a contribution to development ethics, this article attempts to clarify what 'empowerment' should mean, in so far as it is a valuable goal. I begin with the core ethical idea of empowerment that is to be found in recent work on measuring empowerment, led by Deepa Narayan, namely: empowerment occurs when people are better able to shape their own lives. Since this is a metaphor, I attempt to articulate a corresponding literal meaning. What I find is that people are empowered to the extent that: …Read more