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1216Self-awareness and the left inferior frontal gyrus: Inner speech use during self-related processingBrain Research Bulletin 74 (6): 387-396. 2007.To test the hypothesis of a participation of inner speech in self-referential activity we reviewed 59 studies measuring brain activity during processing of self-information in the following self-domains: agency, self-recognition, emotions, personality traits, autobiographical memory, preference judgments, and REST. The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been shown to sustain inner speech use. We calculated the percentage of studies reporting LIFG activity for each self-dimension. 55.9% of al…Read more
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11Editorial: Exploring the Nature, Content, and Frequency of Intrapersonal CommunicationFrontiers in Psychology 11. 2020.
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247Editorial: Inner Experiences: Theory, Measurement, Frequency, Content, and FunctionsFrontiers in Psychology 6. 2015.
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18Une critique de l'interactionnisme d'EcclesDialogue 27 (2): 263-. 1988.Sir J. C. Eccles nous propose dans The Self and Its Brain une théorie ternaire et interactionniste fort controversée dont il avait déjà posé les bases auparavant.La présente réflexion vise l'examen du bien-fondé neuropsychologique des principales thèses de cette théorie, à la lumière de données cliniques récentes dont l'auteur ne semble pas avoir su tirer toutes les conséquences.
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285Self-awareness deficits following loss of inner speech: Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor’s case studyConsciousness and Cognition 18 (2): 524-529. 2009.In her 2006 book ‘‘My Stroke of Insight” Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor relates her experience of suffering from a left hemispheric stroke caused by a congenital arteriovenous malformation which led to a loss of inner speech. Her phenomenological account strongly suggests that this impairment produced a global self-awareness deficit as well as more specific dysfunctions related to corporeal awareness, sense of individuality, retrieval of autobiographical memories, and self-conscious emotions. These are e…Read more
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28On a relation between self-awareness and inner speech: Additional evidence from brain studiesDynamical Psychology. 1999.In this short paper I review past studies examining the neurological substrates of inner speech and self-awareness. The evidence points to a common neurological area: the left inferior frontal region. It is thus highly tempting to conclude that these two operations are deeply linked
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1242Inner speechIn Oxford Companion to Consciousness, . 2009.Invited paper for the Oxford Companion to Consciousness, in press.
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181Consciousness is more than wakefulnessBehavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (1): 99-99. 2007.Merker’s definition of consciousness excludes self-reflective thought, making his proposal for decorticate consciousness not particularly groundbreaking. He suggests that brainstem sites are neglected in current theories of consciousness. This is so because broader definitions of consciousness are used. Split-brain data show that the cortex is important for full-blown consciousness; also, behaviors exhibited by hydranencephaly patients and decorticated rats do not seem to require reflective cons…Read more
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65Self-awareness review part 2: Changing or escaping the selfScience and Consciousness Review 1 1. 2003.When we become self-aware we see who we are and what we would like to be. What do we do? Do we change who we are? Or do we escape self-awareness by watching TV—or worst, by drinking alcohol, doing drugs, or committing suicide?
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57Self-awareness and introspective private speech in 6-year-old childrenPsychological Reports 68 1299-1306. 1991.Sttrrtmory.ââ¬â It has been suggested recently that self-awareness is cognitively mediated by inner speech and that this hypothesis could be tested by using the private speech paradigm. This paper describes a study in which the creation of a state of self-awareness was attempted in children to test the viability of a research strategy based on private speech and used to explore the hypothesis of a link between selfawareness and inner speech, and to test directly this hypothesis by comparing …Read more
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106In my 2003 SCR paper “Inner speech and conscious experience” (LINK) I put forward the notion that we most often need to talk to ourselves in order to understand who we are. That is, inner speech is frequently required to access self-information and to gradually build a self- concept. To illustrate, let’s imagine that you want to reflect on an abdominal pain you are currently experiencing. It is very likely that you will engage in an internal monologue, thinking “Why is it that my belly hurts? I …Read more
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43Let’s face it. A review of Keenan, Gallup, & Falk’s book “The Face in the Mirror”Evolutionary Psychology 1 161-171. 2003.A review of The Face in the Mirror: The Search for the Origins of Consciousness by Julian Paul Keenan with Gordon C. Gallup Jr. and Dean Falk. Ecco, New York, 2003. ISBN 006001279X.
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13526Self-awareness Part 1: Definition, measures, effects, functions, and antecedentsSocial and Personality Psychology Compass 5. 2011.Self-awareness represents the capacity of becoming the object of one’s own attention. In this state one actively identifies, processes, and stores information about the self. This paper surveys the self-awareness literature by emphasizing definition issues, measurement techniques, effects and functions of self-attention, and antecedents of self-awareness. Key self-related concepts (e.g., minimal, reflective consciousness) are distinguished from the central notion of self-awareness. Reviewed meas…Read more
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298Preliminary Data On a Relation Between Self-Talk and Complexity of the Self-Concept 'Psychological Reports 76 267-272. 1995.Summary.ââ¬â Recent empirical work in social cognition suggests that in building a self-concept people make inferences about themselves based on overt behavior or private thoughts and feelings. This article addresses the question of how, exactly, people make these inferences about themselves and raises the possibility that they do so through self-talk. It is proposed that the more on talks to oneself to construct a selfimage, the more this image will gain coherence and sophistication. A corr…Read more
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1321Inner speech as a mediator of self-awareness, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge: An hypothesisNew Ideas in Psychology 8 (3): 337-56. 1990.Little is known with regard to the precise cognitive tools the self uses in acquiring and processing information about itself. In this article, we underline the possibility that inner speech might just represent one such cognitive process. Duval and Wicklund’s theory of self-awareness and the selfconsciousness, and self-knowledge body of work that was inspired by it are reviewed, and the suggestion is put forward that inner speech parallels the state of self-awareness, is more frequently used am…Read more
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40Characteristics of an effective internal dialogue in the acquisition of self-informationImagination, Cognition and Personality 15 (1): 45-58. 1995.This article raises the question of how self-talk mediates self-awareness. It is argued that the process of acquiring self-information can be seen as a problem-solving task, and that self-talk can facilitate this process (as it does for any other problem) by promoting a precise formulation and approach to the problem, by adequately focusing attention on the task, and through constant self-evaluations. A complementary analysis of the possible characteristics of an effective internal dialogue in t…Read more
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64The self and its brain: A critical examination of The Face in the MirrorScience and Consciousness Review 1. 2003.Where is the self located in the brain? This is a question that has intrigued philosophers and scientists for quite some time. Four centuries ago, the French philosopher René Descartes thought that the self resided in the pineal gland, a small structure centrally positioned in the lower brain
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109Self-talk and Self-awareness: On the Nature of the RelationJournal of Mind and Behavior 14 (3): 223-234. 1993.This article raises the question of how we acquire self-information through self-talk, i.e., of how self-talk mediates self-awareness. It is first suggested that two social mechanisms leading to self-awareness could be reproduced by self-talk: engaging in dialogues with ourselves, in which we talk to fictive persons, would permit an internalization of others' perspectives; and addressing comments to ourselves about ourselves, as others do toward us, would allow an acquisition of self-information…Read more
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224Levels of consciousness and self-awareness: A comparison and integration of various neurocognitive viewsConsciousness and Cognition 15 (2): 358-371. 2006.Quite a few recent models are rapidly introducing new concepts describing different levels of consciousness. This situation is getting confusing because some theorists formulate their models without making reference to existing views, redundantly adding complexity to an already difficult problem. In this paper, I present and compare nine neurocognitive models to highlight points of convergence and divergence. Two aspects of consciousness seem especially important: perception of self in time and com…Read more
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297History of Exposure to Self-Focusing Stimuli As a Developmental Antecedent of Self-ConsciousnessPsychological Reports 80 1252-1254. 1997.Szmimary.—The present report investigated the question of how individual differences in self-consciousness devdop. Rimé and LeBon proposed that high self-consciousness follows a history of frequent exposure to selffocusing stimuli, i.e., mirrors, audiences, audio and video devices, and cameras. To explore this hypothesis private and public self-consciousness and past exposure to self-focusing stimuli were assessed in 438 subjects. Analysis indicated that history of frequent exposure to self-focu…Read more
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183A neurocognitive and socioecological model of self-awarenessGenetic Social And General Psychology Monographs 130 (3): 197-222. 2004.In the past, researchers have focused mainly on the effects and consequences of self-awareness; however, they have neglected a more basic issue pertaining to the specific mechanisms that initiate and sustain self-perception. The author presents a model of self-awareness that proposes the existence of 3 sources of self-information. First, the social milieu includes early face-to-face interactions, self-relevant feedback, a social comparison mechanism that leads to perspective taking, and audience…Read more
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625What are animals conscious of? (edited book)Columbia Press. 2012.There is little doubt that animals are ―conscious‖. Animals hunt prey, escape predators, explore new environments, eat, mate, learn, feel, and so forth. If one defines consciousness as being aware of external events and experiencing mental states such as sensations and emotions (Natsoulas, 1978), then gorillas, dogs, bears, horses, pigs, pheasants, cats, rabbits, snakes, magpies, wolves, elephants, and lions, to name a few creatures, clearly qualify. The contentious issue rather is: Do these ani…Read more
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1292Self-awareness Part 2: Neuroanatomy and importance of inner speechSocial and Personality Psychology Compass 2 1004-1012. 2011.The present review of literature surveys two main issues related to self-referential processes: (1) Where in the brain are these processes located, and do they correlate with brain areas uniquely specialized in self-processing? (2) What are the empirical and theoretical links between inner speech and self-awareness? Although initial neuroimaging attempts tended to favor a right hemispheric view of selfawareness, more recent work shows that the brain areas which support self-related processes are…Read more
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211Possible links between self-awareness and inner speech: Theoretical background, underlying mechanisms, and empirical evidenceJournal of Consciousness Studies 12 (4-5): 115-134. 2005.been recently proposed (Morin, 2003; 2004). The model takes into account most known mechanisms and processes leading to self-awareness, and examines their multiple and complex interactions. Inner speech is postulated to play a key-role in this model, as it establishes important connections between many of its ele- ments. This paper first reviews past and current references to a link between self-awareness and inner speech. It then presents an analysis of the nature of the relation between these …Read more
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82Inner speech and conscious experienceScience and Consciousness Review 4 1-6. 2003.Imagine that scientists have been successful at designing a drug that “freezes” brain areas producing our internal monologue. After taking the drug you can’t talk to yourself anymore. Every other mental activity is fine, but it’s now total silence in your head. Not a word. What would happen? What would it be like?
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279History of exposure to audiences as a developmental antecedent of public self-consciousnessCurrent Research in Social Psychology 5 (3): 33-46. 2000.Little is know about factors that influence the development of public self-consciousness. One potential factor is exposure to audiences: being repeatedly aware of one's object status could create a high disposition to focus on public self-aspects. To explore this hypothesis public self-consciousness was assessed in two groups of subjects: 62 professors and actors (high exposure to audiences) and 39 people without audience experience. Analysis show that significant differences exist for public se…Read more
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