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46Perception of temporally interleaved ambiguous patternsCurrent Biology. 2003.Background: Continuous viewing of ambiguous patterns is characterized by wavering perception that alternates between two or more equally valid visual solutions. However, when such patterns are viewed intermittently, either by repetitive presentation or by periodic closing of the eyes, perception can become locked or "frozen" in one configuration for several minutes at a time. One aspect of this stabilization is the possible existence of a perceptual memory that persists during periods in which t…Read more
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29The Structure Of Marx And Engels' Considered Account Of Utopian SocialismHistory of Political Thought 26 (3): 443-466. 2005.Marx and Engels are frequently portrayed as holding an unremittingly hostile view of utopian socialism. This negative reading is undermined by the approving comments on the same subject also found in their writings. However, it does not follow that Marx and Engels disparage and laud utopian socialism in an ambiguous or inconsistent manner. There is an underlying structure to their views which renders their considered account of utopian socialism consistent. Two distinctions provide that structur…Read more
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13Adaptation to complex visual patterns in humans and monkeysIn Colin W. G. Clifford & Gillian Rhodes (eds.), Fitting the Mind to the World: Adaptation and After-Effects in High-Level Vision, Oxford University Press. pp. 189--211. 2005.
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187Stable perception of visually ambiguous patternsNature Neuroscience 5 (6): 605-609. 2002.Correspondence should be addressed to David A. Leopold [email protected] the viewing of certain patterns, widely known as ambiguous or puzzle figures, perception lapses into a sequence of spontaneous alternations, switching every few seconds between two or more visual interpretations of the stimulus. Although their nature and origin remain topics of debate, these stochastic switches are generally thought to be the automatic and inevitable consequence of viewing a pattern witho…Read more
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113Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalryNature 379 (6565): 549-553. 1996.
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12Single-neuron activity and visual perceptionIn Stuart R. Hameroff, Alfred W. Kaszniak & Alwyn Scott (eds.), Toward a Science of Consciousness II: The Second Tucson Discussions and Debates, Mit Press. pp. 2--309. 1998.
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336Multistable phenomena: Changing views in perceptionTrends in Cognitive Sciences 3 (7): 254-264. 1999.Traditional explanations of multistable visual phenomena (e.g. ambiguous figures, perceptual rivalry) suggest that the basis for spontaneous reversals in perception lies in antagonistic connectivity within the visual system. In this review, we suggest an alternative, albeit speculative, explanation for visual multistability – that spontaneous alternations reflect responses to active, programmed events initiated by brain areas that integrate sensory and non-sensory information to coordinate a div…Read more
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41Adaptive norm-based coding of face identityIn Andy Calder, Gillian Rhodes, Mark Johnson & Jim Haxby (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Face Perception, Oxford University Press. pp. 263--286. 2011.Facial appearance changes with age and health affecting skin color as well as facial and head hair. Yet somehow the brain is able to see past shared structure and dynamic deformations to focus on subtle details that distinguish one face from another. This article argues that the brain takes an efficient approach to this problem using prior knowledge about the structure of faces in its analysis. It employs intrinsic norms to focus on subtle variations in the shared face configuration that differe…Read more
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6Van A Harvey, Feuerbach and the Interpretation of Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp x + 319, Hb £37.50 (review)Hegel Bulletin 17 (2): 67-71. 1996.
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223Political theory: methods and approaches (edited book)Oxford University Press. 2008.Both individually and as a collection, these essays will promote understanding and provoke further debate amongst students and established scholars alike.
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92The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human FlourishingCambridge University Press. 2007.The Young Karl Marx is an innovative and important new study of Marx’s early writings. These writings provide the fascinating spectacle of a powerful and imaginative intellect wrestling with complex and significant issues, but they also present formidable interpretative obstacles to modern readers. David Leopold shows how an understanding of their intellectual and cultural context can illuminate the political dimension of these works. An erudite yet accessible discussion of Marx’s influences and…Read more
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19Socialist TurnipsPolitical Theory 40 (3): 347-378. 2012.This article examines Friedrich Engels's little noticed communitarian sympathies, especially as expressed in his 1844 article 'kommunistischen Ansiedlungen'. These sympathies are in conflict with the considered and more critical view of communitarian socialism that he subsequently came to share with Karl Marx. I have four ambitions in the article: first, to provide some characterisation of this 'communitarian moment' in Engels's early intellectual evolution; second, to raise a number of worries …Read more
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6Utopia Ltd. Ideologies of Social Dreaming in England 1870-1900Utopian Studies 17 (1): 234-237. 2006.
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149On Marxian UtopophobiaJournal of the History of Philosophy 54 (1): 111-134. 2016.“utopophobia” is a diverse and long-established phenomenon. Recent discussion of the notion of “realism” in political philosophy has illuminated one form that the fear of utopia can take—namely, suspicion and disapproval of normative standards that are unlikely ever to be achieved—but has not exhausted all that is of interest here.1 The present paper is concerned with a different variety of utopophobia: namely, the historically influential but not well-understood hostility of Karl Marx and Fried…Read more
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The state and I': Max Stirner's anarchismIn Douglas Moggach (ed.), The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School, Cambridge University Press. 2006.
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V A Harvey's Civil Society, Civil Religion (review)Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain 34 67-71. 1996.
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Scientific socialism : the case of Robert OwenIn Kyriakos N. Dēmētriou & Antis Loizides (eds.), Scientific statesmanship, governance and the history of political philosophy, Routledge. 2015.
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56The Hegelian antisemitism of Bruno BauerHistory of European Ideas 25 (4): 179-206. 1999.Bruno Bauer (1809–1882) is neither a well known nor an easily accessible author.1 Despite playing a significant role in both the evolution of Hegelianism and in nineteenth century controversies abo...
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143Marxism and Ideology: From Marx to AlthusserIn Michael Freeden, Lyman Tower Sargent & Marc Stears (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies, Oxford University Press. pp. 20. 2013.This chapter discusses the account of ideology found in the writings of Karl Marx, and its fate in the subsequent Marxist tradition. Marx understood ideology as consisting of certain social ideas which periodically dominate in class-divided societies. More precisely, ideology was characterized as having a particular epistemological standing, social origin, and class function. In the subsequent Marxist tradition that ‘critical’ account was often displaced by non-critical, predominately ‘descripti…Read more
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L Johnston's Between Transcendence And Nihilism. Species-ontology In The Philosophy Of Ludwig Feuerbach (review)Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain 37 97-100. 1998.
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16Elie Kedourie, Hegel and Marx: Introductory Lectures, edited by Sylvia Kedourie and Helen Kedourie, Oxford: Blackwell, 1995, pp xiii + 216, Hb £35.00, Pb £11.99 (review)Hegel Bulletin 16 (2): 70-75. 1995.
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Ch. 20. Karl Marx and British SocialismIn W. J. Mander (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press. 2014.
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9Larry Johnston, Between Transcendence and Nihilism. Species-Ontology in the Philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach , pp. 331, £40-00 (review)Hegel Bulletin 19 (1-2): 97-100. 1998.
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7Fred R Dallmayr, G W F Hegel: Modernity and Politics, Newbury Park: Sage Publications Inc, 1993, pp xxvi + 259, Hb £31.95, Pb £14.95 (review)Hegel Bulletin 15 (2): 60-63. 1994.
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A Cautious Embrace: Reflections on (Left) Liberalism and UtopiaIn Ben Jackson & Marc Stears (eds.), Liberalism as Ideology: Essays in Honour of Michael Freeden, Oxford University Press. pp. 9--33. 2012.
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1IntroductionIn David Leopold & Marc Stears (eds.), Political theory: methods and approaches, Oxford University Press. 2008.
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University of OxfordDepartment Of Politics And International Relations, Mansfield CollegeRegular Faculty
Areas of Specialization
Social and Political Philosophy |
Areas of Interest
Social and Political Philosophy |
19th Century Philosophy |