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269Curricular Aspects of the Fogarty Bioethics International Training ProgramsJournal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: An International Journal 9 (2): 12-23. 2014.The curriculum design, faculty characteristics, and experience of implementing masters' level international research ethics training programs supported by the Fogarty International Center was investigated. Multiple pedagogical approaches were employed to adapt to the learning needs of the trainees. While no generally agreed set of core competencies exists for advanced research ethics training, more than 75% of the curricula examined included international issues in research ethics, responsible c…Read more
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15Disclosure of Operating Practices By Managed-Care Organizations to Consumers of Healthcare: Obligations of Informed ConsentJournal of Clinical Ethics 9 (3): 291-296. 1998.
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14Challenges facing Arab researchers in conducting and publishing scientific research: a qualitative interview studyResearch Ethics 20 (2): 331-362. 2024.Arab researchers encounter formidable obstacles when conducting and publishing their scientific work. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 Arab researchers from various Arab Middle East countries to gain a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties they face in research and publication. We analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Our findings revealed several key challenges. First, Arab researchers struggle to conduct high-quality research due to limited resour…Read more
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17Ethical Concerns of Patients and Family Members Arising During Illness or Medical CareAJOB Empirical Bioethics 14 (4): 218-226. 2023.Patients and family members (N = 671) were surveyed in five Mid-Atlantic U.S. hospitals to ascertain the number and kinds of ethical concerns they are presently experiencing or have previously experienced while being sick or receiving medical care. Seventy percent of participants had at least one (range 0–14) type of ethical concern or question. The most commonly experienced concerns pertained to being unsure how to plan ahead or complete an advance directive (29.4%), being unsure whether someon…Read more
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22Members of research ethics committees (RECs) face a number of ethical challenges when reviewing genomic research. These include issues regarding the content and type of consent, the return of individual research results, mechanisms of sharing specimens and health data, and appropriate community engagement efforts. This article presents the findings from a survey that sought to investigate the opinions and attitudes of REC members from four Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Egyp…Read more
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12Care Coordination and Utilization Review: Clinical Case Managers’ Perceptions of Dual Role ObligationsJournal of Clinical Ethics 13 (3): 216-229. 2002.
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1Care Coordination and Utilization Review: Clinical Case Managers’ Perceptions of Dual Role ObligationsJournal of Clinical Ethics 13 (3): 216-229. 2002.
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19The Role of Emotions in Decisional Competence, Standards of Competency, and Altruistic ActsJournal of Clinical Ethics 8 (2): 171-175. 1997.
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98Collection, storage and use of blood samples for future research: views of Egyptian patients expressed in a cross-sectional surveyJournal of Medical Ethics 36 (9): 539-547. 2010.Objective To determine the attitudes of Egyptian patients regarding their participation in research and with the collection, storage and future use of blood samples for research purposes. Design Cross-sectional survey. Study population Adult Egyptian patients (n=600) at rural and urban hospitals and clinics. Results Less than half of the study population (44.3%) felt that informed consent forms should provide research participants the option to have their blood samples stored for future research…Read more
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35Moral distress in nurses caring for patients with Covid-19Nursing Ethics 28 (7-8): 1137-1164. 2021.Background:Moral distress occurs when constraints prevent healthcare providers from acting in accordance with their core moral values to provide good patient care. The experience of moral distress in nurses might be magnified during the current Covid-19 pandemic.Objective:To explore causes of moral distress in nurses caring for Covid-19 patients and identify strategies to enhance their moral resiliency.Research design:A qualitative study using a qualitative content analysis of focus group discus…Read more
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8Research Ethics in the Arab Region (edited book)Imprint: Springer. 2017.This book addresses the pressing issues involved with the ethical conduct of research in one developing world region - the Arab Region. Clinical research has soared in the developing world -as pharmaceutical companies continue their search for regions with large, treatment naive populations - including the Arab region, and has profound implications for the health and the economies for the area. The ethical issues involved with the conduct of such research, however, have so far not been adequatel…Read more
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54Perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of the public in low- and middle-income countries of the Arab region to participate in biobank researchBMC Medical Ethics 23 (1): 1-18. 2022.Population-based genomics studies have proven successful in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases. High-quality biospecimens linked with informative health data from diverse segments of the population have made such research possible. However, the success of biobank research depends on the willingness of the public to participate in this type of research. We aimed to explore the factors associated with the willingness of the public to participate in biobank research from four low…Read more
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25Reevaluating the Ethical Issues in Porcine‐to‐Human Heart XenotransplantationHastings Center Report 52 (5): 32-42. 2022.Hastings Center Report, Volume 52, Issue 5, Page 32-42, September–October 2022.
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27BackgroundBiobanks have recently been established in several low- and middle-income countries in the Arab region of the Middle East. We aimed to explore the views of biobank managers regarding the challenges, ethical issues, and governance arrangements of their biobanks.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight biobank managers from Egypt, Jordan, and Sudan. Interviews were performed either face-to-face, by phone, or via Zoom and laste…Read more
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20Ethical decision-making climate, moral distress, and intention to leave among ICU professionals in a tertiary academic hospital centerBMC Medical Ethics 23 (1): 1-15. 2022.BackgroundCommentators believe that the ethical decision-making climate is instrumental in enhancing interprofessional collaboration in intensive care units. Our aim was twofold: to determine the perception of the ethical climate, levels of moral distress, and intention to leave one's job among nurses and physicians, and between the different ICU types and determine the association between the ethical climate, moral distress, and intention to leave.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional questionn…Read more
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27Knowledge, Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices towards Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Myanmar Post-graduate StudentsAsian Bioethics Review 12 (4): 379-398. 2020.Health research has increased during the last decade, which has enhanced the importance of research ethics. However, little is known regarding the knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practices of investigators in Myanmar. To assess awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of post-graduates regarding research ethics and research ethics committees (RECs) and their informed consent practices and to determine the association between their responses and certain independent factors. We conducted a cross-s…Read more
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15Perspectives regarding privacy in clinical research among research professionals from the Arab region: an exploratory qualitative studyBMC Medical Ethics 21 (1): 1-16. 2020.Background Protecting the privacy of research participants is widely recognized as one of the standard ethical requirements for clinical research. It is unknown, however, how research professionals regard concepts of privacy as well as the situations in the research setting that require privacy protections. The aim of this study was to explore the views of research professionals from Arab countries regarding concepts and scope of privacy that occur in clinical research. Methods We adopted an exp…Read more
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20Assessing Research Ethics Committees in Myanmar: Results of a Self-Assessment ToolAsian Bioethics Review 12 (1): 37-49. 2020.Human subjects research has increased in Myanmar since 2010 and, accordingly, the establishment of research ethics committees has increased review of these research studies. However, characteristics that reflect the operations of RECs in Myanmar have not been assessed. To assess the structures and processes of RECs at medical institutions in Myanmar, we used a self-assessment tool for RECs operating in low- and middle-income countries. This tool consists of the following ten domains: organizatio…Read more
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26Strengths of the French end-of-life Law as Well as its Shortcomings in Handling Intractable Disputes Between Physicians and FamiliesThe New Bioethics 26 (1): 53-74. 2020.French end-of-life law aims at protecting patients from unreasonable treatments, but has been used to force caregivers to prolong treatments deemed unreasonable. We describe six cases (five intensi...
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35Results of a self-assessment tool to assess the operational characteristics of research ethics committees in low- and middle-income countriesJournal of Medical Ethics 41 (4): 332-337. 2015.
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18Current Status of Research Ethics Capacity in MyanmarAsian Bioethics Review 10 (2): 123-132. 2018.Myanmar has recently surfaced from total military rule and efforts at conducting research to enhance the health of the population has increased during the recent democratization process, both from the military and civil sectors as well as support from international agencies. International guidelines mandate that such research requires prior ethics review in accordance with international standards. Previous commentators have expressed concerns, however, regarding the degree of adequate training i…Read more
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45Perceived comfort level of medical students and residents in handling clinical ethics issuesJournal of Medical Ethics 39 (1): 55-58. 2013.Background Studies have shown that medical students and residents believe that their ethics preparation has been inadequate for handling ethical conflicts. The objective of this study was to determine the self-perceived comfort level of medical students and residents in confronting clinical ethics issues. Methods Clinical medical students and residents at the University of Maryland School of Medicine completed a web-based survey between September 2009 and February 2010. The survey consisted of a…Read more
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23Applicability of a Function-Based Approach to Informed Consent in International SettingsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 17 (12): 25-27. 2017.
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38A Cross-Sectional Survey Study to Assess Prevalence and Attitudes Regarding Research Misconduct among Investigators in the Middle EastJournal of Academic Ethics 16 (1): 71-87. 2018.Recent studies from Western countries indicate significant levels of questionable research practices, but similar data from low and middle-income countries are limited. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of and attitudes regarding research misconduct among researchers in several universities in the Middle East and to identify factors that might account for our findings. We distributed an anonymous questionnaire to a convenience sample of investigators at several universities in Egypt, Lebano…Read more
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12What Counts as Equipoise?Hastings Center Report 45 (3): 3-4. 2015.A commentary on “SUPPORT: Risks, Harms, and Equipoise,” by Robert M. Nelson; “The Controversy over SUPPORT Continues and the Hyperbole Increases,” by Alan R. Fleischman; and “SUPPORT and the Ethics of Study Implementation,” by John D. Lantos and Chris Feudtner, all in the January‐February 2015 issue.
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256Clinical research law in Jordan: An ethical analysisDeveloping World Bioethics 9 (1): 26-33. 2007.ABSTRACT An ethical analysis of Jordan's Clinical Research Law, which became effective in 2001, was performed. Accordingly, this paper discusses the major components, key strengths and weaknesses of this law. As an initial effort, the Law addresses important aspects of research ethics and, hence, should serve as an example for other Arab Countries in the Middle East. Unique aspects of the Law include the requirement that those conducting any study have insurance that can compensate for research …Read more
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82Organizational ethics in healthcare organizations: Proactively managing the ethical climate to ensure organizational integrity (review)HEC Forum 12 (3): 202-215. 2000.
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60Enhancing Research Ethics Review Systems in Egypt: The Focus of an International Training Program Informed by an Ecological Developmental Approach to Enhancing Research Ethics CapacityDeveloping World Bioethics 15 (3): 199-207. 2014.Recently, training programs in research ethics have been established to enhance individual and institutional capacity in research ethics in the developing world. However, commentators have expressed concern that the efforts of these training programs have placed ‘too great an emphasis on guidelines and research ethics review’, which will have limited effect on ensuring ethical conduct in research. What is needed instead is a culture of ethical conduct supported by national and institutional comm…Read more
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24Were There “Additional Foreseeable Risks” in the SUPPORT Study? Lessons Not Learned from the ARDSnet Clinical TrialsHastings Center Report 45 (1): 21-29. 2015.SUPPORT, a study involving approximately 1,300 premature infants who were randomly assigned to treatment protocols that differed in whether they offered higher or lower levels of oxygen saturation, was purportedly an example of comparative effectiveness research performed in the intensive care unit. However, SUPPORT became highly controversial. One source of controversy involved the proper determination of “reasonably foreseeable risks.” Commentators debated whether randomization to contrasting …Read more
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68Curriculum guide for research ethics workshops for countries in the middle eastDeveloping World Bioethics 10 (2): 70-77. 2009.To help ensure the ethical conduct of research, many have recommended educational efforts in research ethics to investigators and members of research ethics committees (RECs). One type of education activity involves multi-day workshops in research ethics. To be effective, such workshops should contain the appropriate content and teaching techniques geared towards the learning styles of the targeted audiences. To ensure consistency in content and quality, we describe the development of a curricul…Read more
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University of Maryland at BaltimoreRegular Faculty
Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America