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29Why John Stuart mill would support restriction on dtc marketing of genetic testsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 8 (6). 2008.
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49The United States Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (2006): New challenges to balancing patient rights and physician responsibilitiesPhilosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 2 19. 2007.Advance health care directives and informed consent remain the cornerstones of patients' right to self-determination regarding medical care and preferences at the end-of-life. However, the effectiveness and clinical applicability of advance health care directives to decision-making on the use of life support systems at the end-of-life is questionable. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA) has been revised in 2006 to permit the use of life support systems at or near death for the purpose of maxi…Read more
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85Brain death, states of impaired consciousness, and physician-assisted death for end-of-life organ donation and transplantationMedicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (4): 409-421. 2009.In 1968, the Harvard criteria equated irreversible coma and apnea with human death and later, the Uniform Determination of Death Act was enacted permitting organ procurement from heart-beating donors. Since then, clinical studies have defined a spectrum of states of impaired consciousness in human beings: coma, akinetic mutism, minimally conscious state, vegetative state and brain death. In this article, we argue against the validity of the Harvard criteria for equating brain death with human de…Read more
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18Population Genomics and Research Ethics with Socially Identifable GroupsJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (3): 356-370. 2007.In this paper, the author questions whether the research ethics guidelines and procedures are robust enough to protect groups when conducting genetics research with socially identifiable populations, particularly with Native American groups. The author argues for a change in the federal guidelines in substance and procedures of conducting genetic research with socially identifiable groups
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79Mass media campaigns and organ donation: managing conflicting messages and interests (review)Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 15 (2): 229-241. 2012.Mass media campaigns are widely and successfully used to change health decisions and behaviors for better or for worse in society. In the United States, media campaigns have been launched at local offices of the states’ department of motor vehicles to promote citizens’ willingness to organ donation and donor registration. We analyze interventional studies of multimedia communication campaigns to encourage organ-donor registration at local offices of states’ department of motor vehicles. The medi…Read more
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41Brain death, states of impaired consciousness, and physician-assisted death for end-of-life organ donation and transplantationMedicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (4): 491-491. 2009.
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20Population Genomics and Research Ethics with Socially Identifiable GroupsJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (3): 356-370. 2007.The genetic revolution is well underway, with genetic research and knowledge expanding at an exponential rate. Much of the new genetics research is focused on population groups, and proponents of “population genomics” argue that such studies are necessary since genetic “variation” among human populations holds the most promise for technological innovations that can improve human health and lead to increased understanding of the origin of human populations. Population genomic research thus target…Read more
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45Transparency and accountability in mass media campaigns about organ donation: a response to Morgan and FeeleyMedicine, Health Care and Philosophy 16 (4): 869-876. 2013.We respond to Morgan and Feeley’s critique on our article “Mass Media in Organ Donation: Managing Conflicting Messages and Interests.” We noted that Morgan and Feeley agree with the position that the primary aims of media campaigns are: “to educate the general public about organ donation process” and “help individuals make informed decisions” about organ donation. For those reasons, the educational messages in media campaigns should not be restricted to “information from pilot work or focus grou…Read more
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3Chhatrapati Singh, Law From Anarchy to Utopia Reviewed byPhilosophy in Review 7 (9): 377-379. 1987.
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A Critical Analysis of "Coercion" and its Application to Contract LawDissertation, The University of Arizona. 1985.The value of liberty is one of our most fundamental commitments. Given this commitment, judgments concerning coercion are of profound moral significance. The concept of liberty is usually defined as the absence of coercion; so defined, the very important moral and political value of liberty is safeguarded only when coercion is excluded. Presently, the concept of coercion is inadequately defined, and in drastic need of clear analysis. An important area in which individuals express their liberty i…Read more
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89Ethical challenges with the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapyPhilosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 3 1-15. 2008.The left ventricular assist device was originally designed to be surgically implanted as a bridge to transplantation for patients with chronic end-stage heart failure. On the basis of the REMATCH trial, the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services approved permanent implantation of the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy in Medicare beneficiaries who are not candidates for heart transplantation. The use of the left ventricular assist…Read more
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33Genome Justice: Genetics and Group RightsJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (3): 352-355. 2007.
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23Free markets, bargaining power, and the rules of exchangePublic Affairs Quarterly 5 (4): 353-370. 1991.
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92Why When She Says No She Doesn't Mean Maybe and Doesn't Mean Yes: A Critical Reconstruction of Consent, Sex, and The Law: Joan McGregorLegal Theory 2 (3): 175-208. 1996.A little more than two years ago, a Texas woman, faced with a knife-wielding intruder demanding sex from her, tried to talk her attacker into wearing a condom to protect herself against the possibility of contracting AIDS. A grand jury refused to indict the man because jurors believed that the woman's act of self-protection implied that she had consented to sex.
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22Apnea Testing is Medical Treatment Requiring Informed ConsentAmerican Journal of Bioethics 20 (6): 22-24. 2020.Volume 20, Issue 6, June 2020, Page 22-24.
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117Bargaining Advantages and Coercion in the MarketPhilosophy Research Archives 14 23-50. 1988.Does the “free market” foster more freedom for individuals generally and less coercion? Libertarians and other market advocates argue that the unfettered market maximizes freedom and hence has less coercion than any feasible alternative. Welfare liberals, Socialist, and Marxists, in different ways, argue against the claim that the unrestricted market maximizes freedom generally. Both supporters and critics agree that coercion undermines freedom and that that is what is ultimately prima facie wro…Read more
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74Bargaining Advantages and Coercion in the MarketPhilosophy Research Archives 14 23-50. 1988.Does the “free market” foster more freedom for individuals generally and less coercion? Libertarians and other market advocates argue that the unfettered market maximizes freedom and hence has less coercion than any feasible alternative. Welfare liberals, Socialist, and Marxists, in different ways, argue against the claim that the unrestricted market maximizes freedom generally. Both supporters and critics agree that coercion undermines freedom and that that is what is ultimately prima facie wro…Read more
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Public Interests and the Duty of Food CitizenshipIn Win-Chiat Lee & Ann Cudd (eds.), Citizenship and Immigration - Borders, Migration and Political Membership in a Global Age, Springer Verlag. 2016.
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6Organ procurement organizations Internet enrollment for organ donation: Abandoning informed consentBMC Medical Ethics 7 (1): 14. 2006.Background Requirements for organ donation after cardiac or imminent death have been introduced to address the transplantable organs shortage in the United States. Organ procurement organizations increasingly use the Internet for organ donation consent. Methods An analysis of OPO Web sites available to the public for enrollment and consent for organ donation. The Web sites and consent forms were examined for the minimal information recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human …Read more
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116Organ procurement organizations internet enrollment for organ donation: Abandoning informed consent (review)BMC Medical Ethics 7 (1): 1-9. 2006.Background Requirements for organ donation after cardiac or imminent death have been introduced to address the transplantable organs shortage in the United States. Organ procurement organizations (OPOs) increasingly use the Internet for organ donation consent. Methods An analysis of OPO Web sites available to the public for enrollment and consent for organ donation. The Web sites and consent forms were examined for the minimal information recommended by the United States Department of Health and…Read more
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27Sexual ConsentIn Hugh LaFollette (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Ethics, Blackwell. 2013.
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29Defining the Scope of Implied Consent in the Emergency Department: Shortchanging Patients' Right to Self DeterminationAmerican Journal of Bioethics 7 (12): 51-52. 2007.The concept of informed consent for medical treatment has been well established as a necessary element in ensuring compliance with patients' right to self determination and respect of individual au...
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56Researching and teaching the ethics and social implications of emerging technologies in the laboratoryNanoEthics 3 (1): 17-30. 2009.Ethicists and others who study and teach the social implications of science and technology are faced with a formidable challenge when they seek to address “emerging technologies.” The topic is incredibly important, but difficult to grasp because not only are the precise issues often unclear, what the technology will ultimately look like can be difficult to discern. This paper argues that one particularly useful way to overcome these difficulties is to engage with their natural science and engine…Read more
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31“Undue Inducement' as Coercive OffersAmerican Journal of Bioethics 5 (5). 2005.This Article does not have an abstract
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37PhilipS on coerced agreementsLaw and Philosophy 7 (2). 1988.Michael Philips in his paper 'Are Coerced Agreements Involuntary?' argues against the widely accepted claim that agreements secured by coercion are involuntary and hence the law should not enforce coerced agreements. Philips's argument relies, I argue, upon an indefensible account of voluntariness. His account of voluntariness does not provide a justification for the system of voluntary exchanges, nor does it link up with our entrenched views about moral and legal responsibility. After arguing f…Read more
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62Presumed consent for organ preservation in uncontrolled donation after cardiac death in the United States: a public policy with serious consequences (review)Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 4 1-8. 2009.Organ donation after cessation of circulation and respiration, both controlled and uncontrolled, has been proposed by the Institute of Medicine as a way to increase opportunities for organ procurement. Despite claims to the contrary, both forms of controlled and uncontrolled donation after cardiac death raise significant ethical and legal issues. Identified causes for concern include absence of agreement on criteria for the declaration of death, nonexistence of universal guidelines for duration …Read more
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Arizona State UniversityPhilosophy - School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious StudiesProfessor
Areas of Specialization
Value Theory |
Applied Ethics |
Philosophy of Law |
Sustainability |
Areas of Interest
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Value Theory |
Applied Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Philosophy of Law |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Sustainability |