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133On February 3, 2010, a “Letter of Concern from Bioethicists,” organized by fetaldex.org, was sent to report suspected violations of the ethics of human subjects research in the off-label use of dexamethasone during pregnancy by Dr. Maria New. Copies of this letter were submitted to the FDA Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, the Department of Health and Human Services Office for Human Research Protections, and three universities where Dr. New has held or holds appointments. We provide a critical a…Read more
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117Medical ethics' appropriation of moral philosophy: The case of the sympathetic and the unsympathetic physicianKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (1): 3-22. 2007.Philosophy textbooks typically treat bioethics as a form of "applied ethics"-i.e., an attempt to apply a moral theory, like utilitarianism, to controversial ethical issues in biology and medicine. Historians, however, can find virtually no cases in which applied philosophical moral theory influenced ethical practice in biology or medicine. In light of the absence of historical evidence, the authors of this paper advance an alternative model of the historical relationship between philosophical et…Read more
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110Bioethics Education: Diversity and CritiqueJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 16 (1): 1-4. 1991.
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90Molecular medicine, managed care, and the moral responsibilities of patients and physiciansJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 23 (1). 1998.This Article does not have an abstract
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87The relationship between moral philosophy and medical ethics reconsideredKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (3): 271-276. 2007.: Medical ethics often is treated as applied ethics, that is, the application of moral philosophy to ethical issues in medicine. In an earlier paper, we examined instances of moral philosophy's influence on medical ethics. We found the applied ethics model inadequate and sketched an alternative model. On this model, practitioners seeking to change morality "appropriate" concepts and theory fragments from moral philosophy to valorize and justify their innovations. Goldilocks-like, five commentato…Read more
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81Ethics Committees at Work: Organs for Undocumented Aliens? A Transplantation DilemmaCambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4 (2): 229. 1995.
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80A Case Study in Unethical Transgressive Bioethics: “Letter of Concern from Bioethicists” About the Prenatal Administration of DexamethasoneAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 (9): 35-45. 2010.On February 3, 2010, a “Letter of Concern from Bioethicists,” organized by fetaldex.org, was sent to report suspected violations of the ethics of human subjects research in the off-label use of dexamethasone during pregnancy by Dr. Maria New. Copies of this letter were submitted to the FDA Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Office for Human Research Protections, and three universities where Dr. New has held or holds appointments. We provide a cri…Read more
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76Moral authority, power, and trust in clinical ethicsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (1). 1999.Moral concerns about the authority, power, and trustworthiness of physicians have become important topics in clinical ethics during the past three decades. These concerns have come to greater prominence with the increasing involvement of large-scale private institutions in the organization and delivery of medical services, especially managed care organizations, and with the increasing involvement of government in the payment for and organization and delivery of medical services. When physicians …Read more
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76Preventive ethics, professional integrity, and boundary setting: The clinical management of moral uncertaintyJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 20 (1): 1-11. 1995.
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74Hume, bioethics, and philosophy of medicineJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (4). 1999.This Article does not have an abstract
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74Philosophical challenges in teaching bioethics: The importance of professional medical ethics and its history for bioethicsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 27 (4). 2002.The papers in this number of the Journal originated in a session sponsored by the American Philosophical Association's Committee on Philosophy and Medicine in 1999. The four papers and two commentaries identify and address philosophical challenges of how we should understand and teach bioethics in the liberal arts and health professions settings. In the course of introducing the six papers, this article explores themes these papers raise, especially the relationship among professional medical et…Read more
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67Pluralism, philosophies of medicine and the varieties of medical ethics: A commentary on Thomasma and PellegrinoMetamedicine 2 (1): 13-17. 1981.Some problems that arise in the account given by Thomasma and Pellegrino [6] of the foundations of medical ethics in a philosophy of medicine are addressed, in particular questions of a conceptual character about treating therelatum of medicine as health. Which concept of health is appropriate and which will bear the burden of the position thomasma and Pellegrino advance? It is argued that the proper relationship of medicine is one between a healer and developing embodied minds. As a consequence…Read more
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67Patient autonomy for the management of chronic conditions: A two-component re-conceptualizationAmerican Journal of Bioethics 9 (2). 2009.The clinical application of the concept of patient autonomy has centered on the ability to deliberate and make treatment decisions (decisional autonomy) to the virtual exclusion of the capacity to execute the treatment plan (executive autonomy). However, the one-component concept of autonomy is problematic in the context of multiple chronic conditions. Adherence to complex treatments commonly breaks down when patients have functional, educational, and cognitive barriers that impair their capacit…Read more
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66A Philosophical Taxonomy of Ethically Significant Moral Distress: Figure 1Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 40 (1): 102-120. 2015.Moral distress is one of the core topics of clinical ethics. Although there is a large and growing empirical literature on the psychological aspects of moral distress, scholars, and empirical investigators of moral distress have recently called for greater conceptual clarity. To meet this recognized need, we provide a philosophical taxonomy of the categories of what we call ethically significant moral distress: the judgment that one is not able, to differing degrees, to act on one’s moral knowle…Read more
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65Improving Informed Consent: The Medium Is Not the MessageIRB: Ethics & Human Research 25 (5). 2003.
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61Constructing a systematic review for argument-based clinical ethics literature: The example of concealed medicationsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 32 (1). 2007.The clinical ethics literature is striking for the absence of an important genre of scholarship that is common to the literature of clinical medicine: systematic reviews. As a consequence, the field of clinical ethics lacks the internal, corrective effect of review articles that are designed to reduce potential bias. This article inaugurates a new section of the annual "Clinical Ethics" issue of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy on systematic reviews. Using recently articulated standards fo…Read more
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60"Are Their Babies Different from Ours?": Dutch Culture and the Groningen ProtocolHastings Center Report 38 (4): 4-7. 2008.
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59Patients with reduced agency: Conceptual, empirical, and ethical considerationsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 9 (4): 329-332. 1984.
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56Ethical dimensions of diagnosis: A case study and analysisTheoretical Medicine and Bioethics 2 (2): 129-143. 1987.A rational reconstruction of the role of moral values in diagnostic reasoning is undertaken. In the context of a case study it is shown how value and ethical considerations come into play in the complex course of making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
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56A critical analysis of the concept and discourse of 'unborn child'American Journal of Bioethics 8 (7). 2008.Despite its prominence in the abortion debate and in public policy, the discourse of 'unborn patient' has not been subjected to critical scrutiny. We provide a critical analysis in three steps. First, we distinguish between the descriptive and normative meanings of 'unborn child.' There is a long history of the descriptive use of 'unborn child.' Second, we argue that the concept of an unborn child has normative content but that this content does not do the work that opponents of abortion want it…Read more
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54Was bioethics founded on historical and conceptual mistakes about medical paternalism?Bioethics 25 (2): 66-74. 2010.Bioethics has a founding story in which medical paternalism, the interference with the autonomy of patients for their own clinical benefit, was an accepted ethical norm in the history of Western medical ethics and was widespread in clinical practice until bioethics changed the ethical norms and practice of medicine. In this paper I show that the founding story of bioethics misreads major texts in the history of Western medical ethics. I also show that a major source for empirical claims about th…Read more
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54An Ethically Justified Framework for Clinical Investigation to Benefit Pregnant and Fetal PatientsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 11 (5): 39-49. 2011.Research to improve the health of pregnant and fetal patients presents ethical challenges to clinical investigators, institutional review boards, funding agencies, and data safety and monitoring boards. The Common Rule sets out requirements that such research must satisfy but no ethical framework to guide their application. We provide such an ethical framework, based on the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. We offer criteria for innovation and for Phase I and II and then for Phase III c…Read more
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48Research to improve the health of pregnant and fetal patients presents ethical challenges to clinical investigators, institutional review boards, funding agencies, and data safety and monitoring boards. The Common Rule sets out requirements that such research must satisfy but no ethical framework to guide their application. We provide such an ethical framework, based on the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. We offer criteria for innovation and for Phase I and II and then for Phase III c…Read more
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48The critical turn in clinical ethics and its continous enhancementJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 30 (1). 2005.Taking the critical turn is one of the main tools of the humanities and inculcates an intellectual discipline that prevents ossification of thinking about issues and of organizational policies in clinical ethics. The articles in this "Clinical Ethics" number of the Journal take the critical turn with respect to cherished ways of thinking in Western clinical ethics, life extension, the clinical determination of death, physicians' duty to treat even at personal risk, clinical ethics at the interfa…Read more
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47Addressing the Ethical Challenges in Genetic Testing and Sequencing of ChildrenAmerican Journal of Bioethics 14 (3): 3-9. 2014.American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) recently provided two recommendations about predictive genetic testing of children. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium's Pediatrics Working Group compared these recommendations, focusing on operational and ethical issues specific to decision making for children. Content analysis of the statements addresses two issues: (1) how these recommendations characterize and analyze locus of decision m…Read more
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46The Cambridge world history of medical ethics (edited book)Cambridge University Press. 2008.The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics is the first comprehensive scholarly account of the global history of medical ethics. Offering original interpretations of the field by leading bioethicists and historians of medicine, it will serve as the essential point of departure for future scholarship in the field. The volumes reconceptualize the history of medical ethics through the creation of new categories, including the life cycle; discourses of religion, philosophy, and bioethics; and the…Read more
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46Thought-styles, diagnosis, and concepts of disease: Commentary on Ludwik FleckJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 6 (3): 257-262. 1981.THIS PAPER IS A COMMENTARY ON LUDWIK FLECK'S ESSAY ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN WHAT HE CALLS "THOUGHT-STYLES" AND SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL CONCEPTS. THE IDEA OF A "THOUGHT-STYLE" APPLIED TO CONCEPTS OF DISEASE IS THAT THEY ARE NOT ONLY VALUE-LADEN IN THE SENSE OF INCLUDING NORMATIVE DIMENSIONS. THEY ALSO EMBRACE BROAD SOCIAL FACTORS, AS WELL. I ARGUE THAT THOUGHT-STYLES SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD TO BE "OPEN-TEXTURED," ADMITTING A PLURALITY OF VALUE CONSIDERATIONS TO CONCEPTS OF DISEASE.
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46Taking the history of medical ethics seriously in teaching medical professionalismAmerican Journal of Bioethics 4 (2). 2004.This Article does not have an abstract
Houston, Texas, United States of America
Areas of Specialization
Applied Ethics |
17th/18th Century Philosophy |
Areas of Interest
Applied Ethics |
17th/18th Century Philosophy |