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607Vertrouwen in de geneeskunde en kunstmatige intelligentiePodium Voor Bioethiek 3 (28): 37-42. 2021.Kunstmatige intelligentie (AI) en systemen die met machine learning (ML) werken, kunnen veel onderdelen van het medische besluitvormingsproces ondersteunen of vervangen. Ook zouden ze artsen kunnen helpen bij het omgaan met klinische, morele dilemma’s. AI/ML-beslissingen kunnen zo in de plaats komen van professionele beslissingen. We betogen dat dit belangrijke gevolgen heeft voor de relatie tussen een patiënt en de medische professie als instelling, en dat dit onvermijdelijk zal leiden tot uith…Read more
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Trust in MedicineIn Judith Simon (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Trust and Philosophy, Routledge. 2019.In this chapter, we consider ethical and philosophical aspects of trust in the practice of medicine. We focus on trust within the patient-physician relationship, trust and professionalism, and trust in Western (allopathic) institutions of medicine and medical research. Philosophical approaches to trust contain important insights into medicine as an ethical and social practice. In what follows we explain several philosophical approaches and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in this context. …Read more
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71Reimagining Digital Well-Being. Report for Designers & PolicymakersReport for Designers and Policymakers. 2024.This report aims to offer insights into cutting-edge research on digital well-being. Many of these insights come from a 2-day academic-impact event, The Future of Digital Well-Being, hosted by a team of researchers working with the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in February 2024. Today, achieving and maintaining well-being in the face of online technologies is a multifaceted challenge that we believe requires using theoretical resources of different research disciplines. T…Read more
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96Recent Work on Moral RevolutionsAnalysis 82 (2): 354-366. 2022.In the last few decades, several philosophers have written on the topic of moral revolutions, distinguishing them from other kinds of society-level moral change. This article surveys recent accounts of moral revolutions in moral philosophy. Different authors use quite different criteria to pick out moral revolutions. Features treated as relevant include radicality, depth or fundamentality, pervasiveness, novelty and particular causes. We also characterize the factors that have been proposed to c…Read more
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47Emotional Embodiment in Humanoid Sex and Love RobotsIn Janina Loh & Wulf Loh (eds.), Social Robotics and the Good Life: The Normative Side of Forming Emotional Bonds with Robots, Transcript Verlag. pp. 233-256. 2022.
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297Uses and Abuses of AI EthicsIn David J. Gunkel (ed.), Handbook of the Ethics of AI, Edward Elgar Publishing. forthcoming.In this chapter we take stock of some of the complexities of the sprawling field of AI ethics. We consider questions like "what is the proper scope of AI ethics?" And "who counts as an AI ethicist?" At the same time, we flag several potential uses and abuses of AI ethics. These include challenges for the AI ethicist, including what qualifications they should have; the proper place and extent of futuring and speculation in the field; and the dilemmas concerning how we use our public and academic …Read more
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250Justice and empowerment through digital health: ethical challenges and opportunitiesDigital Society 2. 2023.The proposition that digital innovations can put people in charge of their health has been accompanied by prolific talk of empowerment. In this paper we consider ethical challenges and opportunities of trying to achieve justice and empowerment using digital health initiatives. The language of empowerment can misleadingly suggest that by using technology, people can control their health and take responsibility for health outcomes to a greater degree than is realistic or fair. Also, digital health…Read more
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201Ectogestative Technology and the Beginning of LifeIn Ibo van de Poel (ed.), Ethics of Socially Disruptive Technologies: An Introduction, Open Book Publishers. 2023.How could ectogestative technology disrupt gender roles, parenting practices, and concepts such as ‘birth’, ‘body’, or ‘parent’? In this chapter, we situate this emerging technology in the context of the history of reproductive technologies and analyse the potential social and conceptual disruptions to which it could contribute. An ectogestative device, better known as ‘artificial womb’, enables the extra-uterine gestation of a human being, or mammal more generally. It is currently developed wit…Read more
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57Attention as Practice: Buddhist Ethics Responses to Persuasive TechnologiesGlobal Philosophy 33 (2): 1-16. 2023.The “attention economy” refers to the tech industry’s business model that treats human attention as a commodifiable resource. The libertarian critique of this model, dominant within tech and philosophical communities, claims that the persuasive technologies of the attention economy infringe on the individual user’s autonomy and therefore the proposed solutions focus on safeguarding personal freedom through expanding individual control. While this push back is important, current societal debates …Read more
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2249The Moral Rights and Wrongs of Online Dating and Hook-UpsIn Carissa Véliz (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Digital Ethics, Oxford University Press. 2023.In this chapter we identify three potentially morally problematic behaviours that are common among users of dating and hook-up apps (DHAs) and provide arguments as to why they may or may not be considered (a) in a category of their own, distinct from similar behaviours outside of DHAs; (b) caused or facilitated by affordances and business logic of DHAs; (c) as indeed morally wrong. We also consider ways in which morally problematic behaviours can be anticipated, mitigated, or even prevented by a…Read more
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87Pistols, pills, pork and ploughs: the structure of technomoral revolutionsInquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 1-33. forthcoming.The power of technology to transform religions, science, and political institutions has often been presented as nothing short of revolutionary. Does technology have a similarly transformative influence on societies’ morality? Scholars have not rigorously investigated the role of technology in moral revolutions, even though existing research on technomoral change suggests that this role may be considerable. In this paper, we explore what the role of technology in moral revolutions, understood as …Read more
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763The Ethics of Matching: Mobile and web-based dating and hook up platformsIn Brian D. Earp, Clare Chambers & Lori Watson (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality, Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy. 2022.Dating and hookup apps (DHAs) are now widely used and may be transforming our intimate relationships. The apps are beneficial in fostering intimate connections among those who are lonely, who are members of minority or marginalized groups, or who live nomadic lifestyles because of work or recreational travel. However, the wider social and relational changes that DHAs portend are merely beginning to be seriously discussed by academics (Arias et al., 2017). In this chapter, we employ concepts from…Read more
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334Consequences of unexplainable machine learning for the notions of a trusted doctor and patient autonomyProceedings of the 2nd EXplainable AI in Law Workshop (XAILA 2019) Co-Located with 32nd International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2019). 2020.This paper provides an analysis of the way in which two foundational principles of medical ethics–the trusted doctor and patient autonomy–can be undermined by the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms and addresses its legal significance. This paper can be a guide to both health care providers and other stakeholders about how to anticipate and in some cases mitigate ethical conflicts caused by the use of ML in healthcare. It can also be read as a road map as to what needs to be done to achieve…Read more
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581Trust in MedicineIn Judith Simon (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Trust and Philosophy, Routledge. 2019.In this chapter, we consider ethical and philosophical aspects of trust in the practice of medicine. We focus on trust within the patient-physician relationship, trust and professionalism, and trust in Western (allopathic) institutions of medicine and medical research. Philosophical approaches to trust contain important insights into medicine as an ethical and social practice. In what follows we explain several philosophical approaches and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in this context. …Read more
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19A Model for the Assessment of Medical Students' Competency in Medical EthicsAJOB Primary Research 4 (4): 68-83. 2013.
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92Addiction and Moralization: the Role of the Underlying Model of AddictionNeuroethics 10 (1): 129-139. 2017.Addiction appears to be a deeply moralized concept. To understand the entwinement of addiction and morality, we briefly discuss the disease model and its alternatives in order to address the following questions: Is the disease model the only path towards a ‘de-moralized’ discourse of addiction? While it is tempting to think that medical language surrounding addiction provides liberation from the moralized language, evidence suggests that this is not necessarily the case. On the other hand non-di…Read more
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524Genomic Obsolescence: What Constitutes an Ontological Threat to Human Nature?American Journal of Bioethics 19 (7): 39-40. 2019.Volume 19, Issue 7, July 2019, Page 39-40.
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45What Do We Have to Lose? Offloading Through Moral Technologies: Moral Struggle and ProgressScience and Engineering Ethics 26 (1): 369-385. 2020.Moral bioenhancement, nudge-designed environments, and ambient persuasive technologies may help people behave more consistently with their deeply held moral convictions. Alternatively, they may aid people in overcoming cognitive and affective limitations that prevent them from appreciating a situation’s moral dimensions. Or they may simply make it easier for them to make the morally right choice by helping them to overcome sources of weakness of will. This paper makes two assumptions. First, tec…Read more
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26Steve Clarke, Julian Savulescu, Tony Coady, Alberto Giubilini, and Sagar Sanyal: the Ethics of Human Enhancement: Understanding the Debate: Oxford University Press, 2016. Hardcover €64,32. 320 ppEthical Theory and Moral Practice 20 (5): 1095-1098. 2017.
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1301Making metaethics work for AI: realism and anti-realismIn Mark Coeckelbergh, M. Loh, J. Funk, M. Seibt & J. Nørskov (eds.), Envisioning Robots in Society – Power, Politics, and Public Space, . pp. 311-318. 2018.Engineering an artificial intelligence to play an advisory role in morally charged decision making will inevitably introduce meta-ethical positions into the design. Some of these positions, by informing the design and operation of the AI, will introduce risks. This paper offers an analysis of these potential risks along the realism/anti-realism dimension in metaethics and reveals that realism poses greater risks, but, on the other hand, anti-realism undermines the motivation for engineering a mo…Read more
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37Steve Clarke, Julian Savulescu, Tony Coady, Alberto Giubilini, and Sagar Sanyal: the Ethics of Human Enhancement: Understanding the Debate: Oxford University Press, 2016. Hardcover €64,32. 320 ppEthical Theory and Moral Practice 20 (5): 1095-1098. 2017.
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609What Does Consciousness Have to Do With It? Quality of Life in Patients With Disorders of ConsciousnessAmerican Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 7 (1): 50-52. 2016.
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280Metaethics in context of engineering ethical and moral systemsIn Michal Klincewicz & Lily Frank (eds.), Metaethics in context of engineering ethical and moral systems, Aaai Press. 2016.It is not clear to what the projects of creating an artificial intelligence (AI) that does ethics, is moral, or makes moral judgments amounts. In this paper we discuss some of the extant metaethical theories and debates in moral philosophy by which such projects should be informed, specifically focusing on the project of creating an AI that makes moral judgments. We argue that the scope and aims of that project depend a great deal on antecedent metaethical commitments. Metaethics, therefore, pla…Read more
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33Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Skill: Integrating Standardized Patients into Bioethics EducationHastings Center Report 45 (5): 25-30. 2015.Upon entering the examination room, Caitlyn encounters a woman sitting alone and in distress. Caitlyn introduces herself as the hospital ethicist and tells the woman, Mrs. Dennis, that her aim is to help her reach a decision about whether to perform an autopsy on her recently deceased husband. Mrs. Dennis begins the encounter by telling the ethicist that she has to decide quickly, but that she is very torn about what to do. Mrs. Dennis adds, “My sons disagree about the autopsy.” As a standardize…Read more
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371Swiping Left on the Quantified Relationship: Exploring the Potential Soft ImpactsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 18 (2): 27-28. 2018.
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339Robot sex and consent: Is consent to sex between a robot and a human conceivable, possible, and desirable?Artificial Intelligence and Law 25 (3): 305-323. 2017.The development of highly humanoid sex robots is on the technological horizon. If sex robots are integrated into the legal community as “electronic persons”, the issue of sexual consent arises, which is essential for legally and morally permissible sexual relations between human persons. This paper explores whether it is conceivable, possible, and desirable that humanoid robots should be designed such that they are capable of consenting to sex. We consider reasons for giving both “no” and “yes” …Read more
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43Person-Centered Care, Autonomy, and the Definition of HealthAmerican Journal of Bioethics 13 (8): 59-61. 2013.No abstract
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79Saying Privacy, Meaning ConfidentialityAmerican Journal of Bioethics 11 (11): 44-45. 2011.The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 11, Page 44-45, November 2011
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25The Human MicrobiomeIn Rosamond Rhodes, Nada Gligorov & Abraham Paul Schwab (eds.), the human microbiome: ethical, legal and social concerns, Oxford University Press. 2013.
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26From Sex Robots to Love Robots: Is Mutual Love with a Robot Possible?In John Danaher & Neil McArthur (eds.), Robot Sex: Social and Ethical Implications, Mit Press. pp. 219-244. 2017.Some critics of sex-robots worry that their use might spread objectifying attitudes about sex, and common sense places a higher value on sex within love-relationships than on casual sex. If there could be mutual love between humans and sex-robots, this could help to ease the worries about objectifying attitudes. And mutual love between humans and sex-robots, if possible, could also help to make this sex more valuable. But is mutual love between humans and robots possible, or even conceivable? We…Read more
The Graduate Center, CUNY
PhD, 2014
Areas of Specialization
1 more
Biomedical Ethics |
Applied Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Meta-Ethics |
Robot Ethics |
Engineering Ethics |