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21Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology: A volume in Handbook of the Philosophy of Science (edited book)Elsevier. 2007.This volume concerns philosophical issues that arise from the practice of anthropology and sociology. The essays cover a wide range of issues, including traditional questions in the philosophy of social science as well as those specific to these disciplines. Authors attend to the historical development of the current debates and set the stage for future work.
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Philosophy of nursing : caring, holism and the nursing role(s)In Miriam Solomon, Jeremy R. Simon & Harold Kincaid (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Medicine, Routledge. 2016.
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Radical alterity, representation, and the ontological turnIn Inkeri Koskinen, David Ludwig, Zinhle Mncube, Luana Poliseli & Luis Reyes-Galindo (eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science, Routledge. 2021.
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393Scientific Representation: An Inferentialist-Expressivist ManifestoPhilosophical Topics 50 (1): 263-291. 2022.This essay presents a fully inferentialist-expressivist account of scientific representation. In general, inferentialist approaches to scientific representation argue that the capacity of a model to represent a target system depends on inferences from models to target systems. Inferentialism is attractive because it makes the epistemic function of models central to their representational capacity. Prior inferentialist approaches to scientific representation, however, have depended on some repres…Read more
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27Anthropology without Belief: An Anti-representationalist Ontological TurnPhilosophy of the Social Sciences 50 (6): 586-609. 2020.Rejecting the category of belief is one of the most striking and profound ideas to emerge from the ontological turn. This essay will argue that the rejection of belief is best understood as part of a broader rejection of representationalism. Representationalism regards thought, speech, and intentionality as depending primarily on the mind’s ability to manipulate beliefs, ideas, meanings, or similar contents. Some central strands of the ontological turn thus participate in the philosophical proje…Read more
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51Middle‐range theories as models: New criteria for analysis and evaluationNursing Philosophy 20 (1). 2019.This essay argues for a new perspective on the analysis and evaluation of middle‐range theory. The commonly used criteria for theory evaluation in nursing are not as useful as they should be, and the root of the problem is an inappropriate understanding of middle‐range theory. In spite of their name, middle‐range theories should not be analysed and evaluated as concrete or limited versions of more general theories. Rather, they are best understood as models. The latter sections of this essay pre…Read more
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181Handbook of Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology (edited book)Elsevier. 2006.This volume concerns philosophical issues that arise from the practice of anthropology and sociology. The essays cover a wide range of issues, including traditional questions in the philosophy of social science as well as those specific to these disciplines. Authors attend to the historical development of the current debates and set the stage for future work.
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24Bloodsucking Witchcraft: An Epistemological Study of Anthropomorphic Supernaturalism in Rural Tlaxcala. Hugo G. Nutini, John M. Roberts (review)Philosophy of Science 61 (4): 679-681. 1994.
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224Who are ‘We’? Dissolving the Problem of Cultural BoundariesModern Schoolman 84 (2-3): 205-215. 2007.
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Semantics, Culture, and Rationality: Toward an Epistemology of EthnographyDissertation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1990.The problem of apparent irrationality is the central concern of this essay. How is an ethnographer to respond when she comes across beliefs or behavior which seem crazy, foolish, or irrational? The first Chapter attempts to make the question precise and to get a clear view of what makes apparent irrationality problematic. It argues that the issue is an epistemological problem about an ethnographer's grounds for rejecting her current theory and adopting a revised theory. ;The contemporary debate …Read more
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1235Inference, Explanation, and AsymmetrySynthese (Suppl 4): 929-953. 2018.Explanation is asymmetric: if A explains B, then B does not explain A. Tradition- ally, the asymmetry of explanation was thought to favor causal accounts of explanation over their rivals, such as those that take explanations to be inferences. In this paper, we develop a new inferential approach to explanation that outperforms causal approaches in accounting for the asymmetry of explanation.
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99Inferentialist-Expressivism for Explanatory VocabularyIn Ondřej Beran, Vojtěch Kolman & Ladislav Koreň (eds.), From rules to meanings. New essays on inferentialism, Routledge. 2018.In this essay, we extend earlier inferentialist-expressivist treatments of traditional logical, semantic, modal, and representational vocabulary (Brandom 1994, 2008, 2015; Peregrin 2014) to explanatory vocabulary. From this perspective, Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) appears to be an obvious starting point. In its simplest formulation, IBE has the form: A best explains why B, B; so A. It thereby captures one of the central inferential features of explanation. An inferentialist-expressiv…Read more
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101Inference to the Best Explanation: Fundamentalism's FailuresIn Kevin McCain & Ted Poston (eds.), Best Explanations: New Essays on Inference to the Best Explanation, Oxford University Press. pp. 80-96. 2017.Many epistemologists take Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) to be “fundamental.” For instance, Lycan (1988, 128) writes that “all justified reasoning is fundamentally explanatory reasoning.” Conee and Feldman (2008, 97) concur: “fundamental epistemic principles are principles of best explanation.” Call them fundamentalists. They assert that nothing deeper could justify IBE, as is typically assumed of rules of deductive inference, such as modus ponens. However, logicians account for modus p…Read more
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6Normativity and Naturalism in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences (edited book)Routledge. 2015._Normativity and Naturalism in the Social Sciences_ engages with a central debate within the philosophy of social science: whether social scientific explanation necessitates an appeal to norms, and if so, whether appeals to normativity can be rendered "scientific." This collection brings together contributions from a diverse group of philosophers who explore a broad but thematically unified set of questions, many of which stem from an ongoing debate between Stephen Turner and Joseph Rouse on the…Read more
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15Genes, neurons, and nurses: new directions for nursing's philosophy of scienceNursing Philosophy 15 (4): 231-237. 2014.
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69The sensible foundation for mathematics: A defense of Kant's viewStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 21 (1): 123-143. 1990.
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26Philosophy and the mirror of nature: Thirtieth-anniversary editionNursing Philosophy 11 (3): 209-211. 2010.No Abstract
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44Norms and explanation in the social sciencesStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 29 (2): 223-237. 1998.
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170Relativism and the Ontological Turn within AnthropologyPhilosophy of the Social Sciences 43 (1): 3-23. 2013.The “ontological turn” is a recent movement within cultural anthropology. Its proponents want to move beyond a representationalist framework, where cultures are treated as systems of belief that provide different perspectives on a single world. Authors who write in this vein move from talk of many cultures to many “worlds,” thus appearing to affirm a form of relativism. We argue that, unlike earlier forms of relativism, the ontological turn in anthropology is not only immune to the arguments of …Read more
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47Meaning, belief, and language acquisitionPhilosophical Psychology 9 (4): 465-475. 1996.A very plausible and common view of meaning supposes that linguistic meaning is to be understood in terms of speakers' intentions. This program proposes to analyse the meaning of a sentence in terms of what speakers mean by or in uttering it; and this speaker meaning in turn is to be analysed in terms of the speaker's intentions. This essay argues that intention-based semantics cannot provide an adequate analysis of linguistic meaning: not because of contrived counterexamples, nor because it con…Read more
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265Scientific change as political action: Franz Boas and the anthropology of racePhilosophy of the Social Sciences 37 (1): 24-45. 2007.A theory is value-neutral when no constitutive values are part of its content. Nonneutral theories seem to lack objectivity because it is not clear how the constitutive values could be empirically confirmed. This article analyzes Franz Boas’s famous arguments against nineteenth-century evolutionary anthropology and racial theory. While he recognized that talk of "higher civilizations" encoded a constitutive, political value with consequences for slavery and colonialism, he argued against it on e…Read more
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280Nursing Knowledge: Science, Practice, and PhilosophyWiley-Blackwell. 2009.The final chapter of the book 'redraws the map', to create a new picture of nursing science based on the following principles: Problems of practice should guide ...
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29Metaphysics, method, and the exact sciencesStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 24 (3): 493-499. 1993.
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When IRBs disagree: A case study on waiving parental consent for sexual health research on adolescentsIRB: Ethics & Human Research 24 (2): 8-14. 2002.
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4087Philosophy of Social Science: A Contemporary IntroductionRoutledge. 2014.The Philosophy of Social Science: A Contemporary Introduction examines the perennial questions of philosophy by engaging with the empirical study of society. The book offers a comprehensive overview of debates in the field, with special attention to questions arising from new research programs in the social sciences. The text uses detailed examples of social scientific research to motivate and illustrate the philosophical discussion. Topics include the relationship of social policy to social sci…Read more
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20Nursing and human freedomNursing Philosophy 15 (1): 35-45. 2014.Debates over how to conceptualize the nursing role were prominent in the nursing literature during the latter part of the twentieth century. There were, broadly, two schools of thought. Writers likeHenderson andOrem used the idea of a self‐care deficit to understand the nurse as doing for the patient what he or she could not do alone. Later writers found this paternalistic and emphasized the importance of the patient's free will. This essay uses the ideas of positive and negative freedom to expl…Read more
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312Evolution and the Kantian WorldviewSouthern Journal of Philosophy 44 (S1): 72-84. 2006.Nonhuman animals seem to make inferences and have mental representations. Brandom articulates a Kantian (and Hegelian) account of representation that seems to make nonhuman mental content impossible: animals are merely sentient, not sapient. His position is problematic because it makes it impossible to understand how our cognitive capacities evolved. This essay discusses experimental and ethological work on transitive inference. It argues that to fit such evidence within the Kantian framework, t…Read more
Mark Risjord
Emory University
University Of Hradec Kralove
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University Of Hradec KraloveOther (Part-time)
Druid Hills, Georgia, United States of America
Areas of Specialization
3 more
Philosophy of Social Science |
General Philosophy of Science |
Philosophy of Action |
Epistemology |
Philosophy of Language |
Social Sciences |
Nursing |
Medicine |