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407Algorithm exploitation: humans are keen to exploit benevolent AIiScience 24 (6): 102679. 2021.We cooperate with other people despite the risk of being exploited or hurt. If future artificial intelligence (AI) systems are benevolent and cooperative toward us, what will we do in return? Here we show that our cooperative dispositions are weaker when we interact with AI. In nine experiments, humans interacted with either another human or an AI agent in four classic social dilemma economic games and a newly designed game of Reciprocity that we introduce here. Contrary to the hypothesis that p…Read more
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10A Ameaça Relativista: Pragmatismo, Resposta-dependência e ProtagorismoCognitio 8 (1): 69-92. 2007.
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82Quasi-Metacognitive Machines: Why We Don’t Need Morally Trustworthy AI and Communicating Reliability is EnoughPhilosophy and Technology 37 (2): 1-21. 2024.Many policies and ethical guidelines recommend developing “trustworthy AI”. We argue that developing morally trustworthy AI is not only unethical, as it promotes trust in an entity that cannot be trustworthy, but it is also unnecessary for optimal calibration. Instead, we show that reliability, exclusive of moral trust, entails the appropriate normative constraints that enable optimal calibration and mitigate the vulnerability that arises in high-stakes hybrid decision-making environments, witho…Read more
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39Dualists and physicalists agree, free will is incompatible with determinismPhilosophical Psychology. forthcoming.Belief in substance dualism, the idea that mind and matter are two different kinds of substances, has been found to be a strong predictor of belief in free will. Why? Here, we test whether believing that mind and matter are different kinds of substance correlates with differences in how people think of free will and/or differences in how people interpret the scenarios used to test their conceptions. We provided participants (N = 515) with two hypothetical scenarios where the world was presented …Read more
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24The Ethics of Terminology: Can We Use Human Terms to Describe AI?Topoi 42 (3): 881-889. 2023.Despite facing significant criticism for assigning human-like characteristics to artificial intelligence, phrases like “trustworthy AI” are still commonly used in official documents and ethical guidelines. It is essential to consider why institutions continue to use these phrases, even though they are controversial. This article critically evaluates various reasons for using these terms, including ontological, legal, communicative, and psychological arguments. All these justifications share the …Read more
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45Categorizing Smells: A Localist ApproachCognitive Science 45 (1). 2021.Humans are poorer at identifying smells and communicating about them, compared to other sensory domains. They also cannot easily organize odor sensations in a general conceptual space, where geometric distance could represent how similar or different all odors are. These two generalities are more or less accepted by psychologists, and they are often seen as connected: If there is no conceptual space for odors, then olfactory identification should indeed be poor. We propose here an important revi…Read more
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14Racial bias in face perception is sensitive to instructions but not introspectionConsciousness and Cognition 83 102952. 2020.
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289Algorithmic Nudging: The Need for an Interdisciplinary OversightTopoi 42 (3): 799-807. 2023.Nudge is a popular public policy tool that harnesses well-known biases in human judgement to subtly guide people’s decisions, often to improve their choices or to achieve some socially desirable outcome. Thanks to recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) methods new possibilities emerge of how and when our decisions can be nudged. On the one hand, algorithmically personalized nudges have the potential to vastly improve human daily lives. On the other hand, blindly outsourcing the deve…Read more
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Modularity of perceptionIn Mohan Matthen (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Perception, Oxford University Press Uk. 2015.
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1How do synaesthetes experience the world?In Mohan Matthen (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Perception, Oxford University Press Uk. 2015.
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Multisensory perception and cognitive penetration : the unity assumption, thirty years afterIn John Zeimbekis & Athanassios Raftopoulos (eds.), The Cognitive Penetrability of Perception: New Philosophical Perspectives, Oxford University Press. 2015.
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27The clear and not so clear signatures of perceptual reality in the Bayesian brainConsciousness and Cognition 103 (C): 103379. 2022.
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205The impact of joint attention on the sound-induced flash illusionsAttention, Perception, and Psychophysics 83 (8). 2021.Humans coordinate their focus of attention with others, either by gaze following or prior agreement. Though the effects of joint attention on perceptual and cognitive processing tend to be examined in purely visual environments, they should also show in multisensory settings. According to a prevalent hypothesis, joint attention enhances visual information encoding and processing, over and above individual attention. If two individuals jointly attend to the visual components of an audiovisual eve…Read more
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435Cognitive penetration and implicit cognitionIn J. Robert Thompson (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Implicit Cognition, Routledge. pp. 144-152. 2023.Cognitive states, such as beliefs, desires and intentions, may influence how we perceive people and objects. If this is the case, are those influences worse when they occur implicitly rather than explicitly? Here we show that cognitive penetration in perception generally involves an implicit component. First, the process of influence is implicit, making us unaware that our perception is misrepresenting the world. This lack of awareness is the source of the epistemic threat raised by cognitive pe…Read more
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29Augmenting perception: How artificial intelligence transforms sensory substitutionConsciousness and Cognition 99 (C): 103280. 2022.
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274Spatial certainty : Feeling is the truthIn Tony Cheng, Ophelia Deroy & Charles Spence (eds.), Spatial Senses: Philosophy of Perception in an Age of Science, Routledge. 2019.A common sense view is illustrated by Doubting Thomas, and surfaces in many philosophical and psychological writings : Touching is better than seeing. But can we make sense of this privilege? We rule out that it could mean that touch is more informative than vision, more ‘objective’ or more directly in contact with reality. Instead, we propose that touch offers not a perceptual, but a metacognitive advantage: touch is not more objective than vision but rather provides comparatively higher subj…Read more
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35Categorizing Smells: A Localist ApproachCognitive Science 45 (1): 1-26. 2021.Humans are poorer at identifying smells and communicating about them, compared to othersensory domains. They also cannot easily organise odour sensations in a general conceptual space like with colours. We challenge the conclusion that there is no olfactory conceptual map at all. Instead we propose a new framework, with local conceptual spaces.
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408Coordinating attention requires coordinated sensesPsychonomic Bulletin and Review 27 (6): 1126-1138. 2020.From playing basketball to ordering at a food counter, we frequently and effortlessly coordinate our attention with others towards a common focus: we look at the ball, or point at a piece of cake. This non-verbal coordination of attention plays a fundamental role in our social lives: it ensures that we refer to the same object, develop a shared language, understand each other’s mental states, and coordinate our actions. Models of joint attention generally attribute this accomplishment to gaze co…Read more
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17Voice over: Audio-visual congruency and content recall in the gallery settingPLoS ONE 12 (6). 2017.Experimental research has shown that pairs of stimuli which are congruent and assumed to 'go together' are recalled more effectively than an item presented in isolation. Will this multisensory memory benefit occur when stimuli are richer and longer, in an ecological setting? In the present study, we focused on an everyday situation of audio-visual learning and manipulated the relationship between audio guide tracks and viewed portraits in the galleries of the Tate Britain. By varying the gender …Read more
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63Spatial Senses: Philosophy of Perception in an Age of Science (edited book)Routledge. 2019.This collection of essays brings together research on sense modalities in general and spatial perception in particular in a systematic and interdisciplinary way. It updates a long-standing philosophical fascination with this topic by incorporating theoretical and empirical research from cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology. The book is divided thematically to cover a wide range of established and emerging issues. Part I covers notions of objectivity and subjectivity in spatial percept…Read more
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90Categorising without ConceptsReview of Philosophy and Psychology 10 (3): 465-478. 2019.A strong claim, often found in the literature, is that it is impossible to categorize perceptual properties unless one possesses the related concepts. The evidence from visual perception reviewed in this paper however questions this claim: Concepts, at least canonically defined, are ill-suited to explain perceptual categorisation, which is a fast, and crucially a largely involuntary and unconscious process, which rests on quickly updated probabilistic calculations. I suggest here that perceptual…Read more
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41Confidence is higher in touch than in vision in cases of perceptual ambiguityScientific Reports 8. 2018.We provide a new account of the oft-mentioned special character of touch, showing that its superior reliability is subjective rather than objective : Touch provides higher certainty than vision, for the same level of objective accuracy.
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30Sensory Blending: On Synaesthesia and Related Phenomena (edited book)Oxford University Press. 2017.Synaesthesia is a strange sensory blending: synaesthetes report experiences of colours or tastes associated with particular sounds or words. This volume presents new essays by scientists and philosophers exploring what such cases can tell us about the nature of perception and its boundaries with illusion and imagination.
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The power of tastes: Reconciling science and subjectivityIn Barry C. Smith (ed.), Questions of Taste: the philosophy of wine, Oxford University Press. pp. 99--126. 2007.
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61How automatic are crossmodal correspondences?Consciousness and Cognition 22 (1): 245-260. 2013.The last couple of years have seen a rapid growth of interest in the study of crossmodal correspondences – the tendency for our brains to preferentially associate certain features or dimensions of stimuli across the senses. By now, robust empirical evidence supports the existence of numerous crossmodal correspondences, affecting people’s performance across a wide range of psychological tasks – in everything from the redundant target effect paradigm through to studies of the Implicit Association …Read more
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38Reading the World through the Skin and Ears: A New Perspective on Sensory SubstitutionFrontiers in Psychology 3. 2012.
Ophelia Deroy
Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München
Institute of Philosophy, University of London
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Ludwig Maximilians Universität, MünchenFaculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and Study of Religion
Munich Center for NeuroscienceProfessor -
Institute of Philosophy, University of LondonOther
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London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Areas of Specialization
1 more
Philosophy of Cognitive Science |
Philosophy of Mind |
Perception |
Perception and Neuroscience |
Neurophilosophy |
Collective Epistemology |