Ricardo Bins Di Napoli

This work aims at elucidate the reasons for appropriating the sentiments and emotions in the approach of moral dilemmas. Therefore, first it will start with an analysis of Williams in his article Ethical Consistency where the author approaches de role of the emotions such as remorse and regret, and also introduces the idea of “moral remainder” in moral dilemmas. In a second moment, this work will be concentrated in the analysis of Statman in his article The debate over the so-called reality of moral dilemmas and his systematization of the “sentiments argument” in favor of moral dilemmas. In a third moment, the analysis will focus on the article Sentiment and Value, of D’arms and Jacobson which approaches important questions concerning the possibility of a moral sentimentalism with a rational basis. Finally, the focus will be in the question if in such approaches the appeal of “moral facts” could possibly justify the feelings of regret, guilty or remorse experienced by the agent in moral dilemmas, then these feelings cannot be disregarded in a more intuitive and broader approach of the issue

O objetivo do artigo é fazer uma nova análise da posição de P. F. Strawson sobre a relação entre livre arbítrio e responsabilidade moral, considerando a literatura recente sobre o tema. Parte-se, primeiramente, da relação entre liberdade e determinismo da ação. Em segundo lugar, analisa-se o texto de P. F. Strawson “Liberdade e ressentimento”, examinando sua proposta, referenciada na literatura recente como tendo dado uma contribuição fundamental para discussão do problema da responsabilidade, ao mostrar que as teorias da responsabilidade moral, teriam superintelectualizado as noções de responsabilidade, censura moral e culpa. Na conclusão é apontado que, por um lado, o referido texto teria mudado a abordagem do problema da responsabilidade através do seu conceito de “atitudes reativas”, por outro, essa noção de Strawson, deixando de lado uma metafísica da liberdade, tenderia a um tipo de naturalização da moral, presentes na teoria moral de E. Tugendhat e na proposta de A. N. de Brito.The objective of this article is to make a new analysis of the position of the the position of P.F.Strawson concerning the relationship between free will and moral responsibility, taking into account the recent literature about the subject. We have to start, at fi rst, with the relation between freedom and determinism of the action. Second, the famous text Freedom and Ressentment by P.F. Strawson has to be analised, examining his proposal mentioned in a recent literature as having given a fundamental contribution for the discussion of the problem of responsibility, when showing that the theories of moral responsibility would have been over intelectualized the notions of responsibility, moral censorship, and guilt. At the conclusion it is pointed out that, on one hand, the text mentioned would have changed the approach of the problem of responsibility through its concept of reactive attitudes; on the other hand, this notion of Strawson, leaving aside a metaphysics of the freedom, there would be a tendency to one kind of naturalization of the morality present in the moral theory of E. Tugendhat and in the proposal of A.N. de Brito. Key words: free will; moral responsibility

This lecture is aimed at examining the ethical and bioethical fundamentals of the Resolutions of the National Comission of Ethics on Research (Resoluções da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa). For this purpose, firstly, a brief description of the National System of Ethics on Research (Sistema Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa) created by the 196 Resolution of 1996 of the Health Ministry in Brazil. This system is composed of a national comission (Comissão Nacional de ética em Pesquisa -CONEP) which controls, analyzes and regulates the protection of human beings in researches as a superior and definite instance of institutional committees (448 in September/2005) that are the basis of the whole ethical evaluation system of research projects involving human beings. This system also includes the National System of Information about Ethics on Research (Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Ética em Pesquisa) involving human beings (SISNEP). Secondly, it examines the moral principles, rules and values that head the process of the ethical evaluation activity of research projects sent to be registered and evaluated in this system. This extremely relevant system involves, nowadays, about 5000 members in Brazil. To do this study, the resolutions of the National Comission, published from 1996 to 2005 were analyzed, and the manual created by the National Comission in 2002 and dedicated to committees was also taken into account. It is also important to consider the reflection of the author on his personal experience at the Coordination of the local committee of ethics on research at the Federal University of Santa Maria (Comitê de Ética em pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria) – Brazil.