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Intl. Workshop on Punctuation in Computational Linguistics, Santa Cruz, CA, June 1996 (edited book)Association for Computational Linguistics. 1996.
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The Role of Pragmatics in Contemporary Philosophy: Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society (edited book)Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. 1997.
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ITALLC '98: Third Conference on Information-Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language, and Computation (edited book)Proceedings. 1998.
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AAAI Fall Symposium on Context in Knowledge Representation and Natural Language (edited book)American Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Press. 1997.
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Proceedings of the AAAI-95 Fall Symposium on Formalizing Context (AAAI Technical Report FS-95-02) (edited book)Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Press. 1995.
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126Context and the indexical 'I'1st North American Summer School in Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI) Workshop on Cognition: Formal Models and Experimental Results, John Perry (Organizer), CSLI, Stanford, CA. 2002.John Perry argued that the clearest case of an indexical that relies only on the narrow context is 'I,' whose designation depends on the agent and nothing else. In this presentation, I give some examples which show that this view, while essentially correct, may have problems in some rare divergent cases.
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267John Haugeland, ed., Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 9 (3-4): 33-36. 1998.This is a review of Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence, edited by John Haugeland and published by The MIT Press in 1997.
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116Undaunted setsACM SIGACT News 23 (1): 47-48. 1992.This is a short piece of humor (I hope) on nonstandard set theories. An earlier version appeared in Bull. EATCS 45: 146-147 (1991).
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112On an alleged problem with Stalnaker’s representation of contextContexts in Logics, a Workshop Co-Located with CONTEXT'01: 3rd International Conference on Modeling and Using Context, Dundee, UK. 2001.We consider an objection of Hans Kamp (based on an example by Barbara Partee) to Robert Stalnaker's model of context.
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121On a proposal of Strawson concerning context vs. 'what is said'In Paolo Bouquet, Luciano Serafini & Richmond H. Thomason (eds.), Perspectives on Contexts, CSLI Lecture Notes No. 180, Center For the Study of Language and Information Publications. pp. 79-94. 2008.In Strawson’s Entity and Identity, there are two essays (Chapters 11 and 12), which study the notion of context. In these essays, Strawson advances a threefold distinction regarding how context bears on the meaning of 'what is said' when a sentence is uttered. In this paper, we'll (i) review the original scheme of Strawson and summarize his improvements to his own scheme, and (ii) add our own improvements to make it even more thoroughgoing. We'll also show that unless it is elaborated with sever…Read more
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234Rethinking context as a social constructJournal of Pragmatics 32 (6): 743-759. 2000.This paper argues that in addition to the familiar approach using formal contexts, there is now a need in artificial intelligence to study contexts as social constructs. As a successful example of the latter approach, I draw attention to 'interpretation' (in the sense of literary theory), viz. the reconstruction of the intended meaning of a literary text that takes into account the context in which the author assumed the reader would place the text. An important contribution here comes from Wend…Read more
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149Computing with causal theoriesInternational Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 6 (4): 699-730. 1992.Formalizing commonsense knowledge for reasoning about time has long been a central issue in AI. It has been recognized that the existing formalisms do not provide satisfactory solutions to some fundamental problems, viz. the frame problem. Moreover, it has turned out that the inferences drawn do not always coincide with those one had intended when one wrote the axioms. These issues call for a well-defined formalism and useful computational utilities for reasoning about time and change. Yoav Shoh…Read more
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164When silence may mean derisionJournal of Pragmatics 22 (2): 211-212. 1994.In a paper published in 1992, Dennis Kurzon shows that silence does not necessarily mean lack of power: the silent response to a question may well be aiming at gaining control of a situation, viz. exercising power. I would like to extend Kurzon's analysis and argue that at times silence may mean derision or ridicule.
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158Mental models of force and motionIn Okyay Kaynak (ed.), Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Motion Control (Istanbul, 20-22 August 1990), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 153-158. 1990.Future robots should have common sense about the world in order to handle the problems they will encounter. A large part of this commonsense knowledge must be naive physics knowledge, since carrying out even the simplest everyday chores requires familiarity with physics laws. But how should one start codifying this knowledge? What kind of skills should be elicited from the experts (each and every one of us)? This paper will attempt to provide some hints by studying the mental models of force and…Read more
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138Gul A. Agha, Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems (review)AI Magazine 11 (4): 92-93. 1990.This is a review of Gul A. Agha’s Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987), a part of the MIT Press Series in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Patrick Winston, Michael Brady, and Daniel Bobrow.
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147Ronald Cole, Joseph Mariani, Hans Uszkoreit, Annie Zaenen & Victor Zue, editors, Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology (review)Computational Linguistics 25 (1): 161-164. 1999.This is a review of Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology, [editorial board: Ronald Cole (editor-in-chief), Joseph Mariani, Hans Uszkoreit, Annie Zaenen, Victor Zue], Cambridge University Press (Studies in Natural Language Processing) and Giardini Editori e Stampatori in Pisa (Linguistica Computazionale, volumes XII-XII1), managing editors: Giovanni Battista Varile and Antonio Zampolli, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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134Bruce D'Ambrosio, Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 2 (2): 25-27. 1991.Ken Forbus's Qualitative Process Theory (QPT) is a popular theory for reasoning about the physical aspects of the daily world. Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables by Bruce D'Ambrosio (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989) is an attempt to fill some gaps in QPT.
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142Peter D. Mosses, Action Semantics (review)Journal of Logic and Computation 3 (4): 442-444. 1993.This is a review of Action Semantics, by Peter D. Mosses, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science 26, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
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133Robotlar ve planlamaElektrik Mühendisliği 391 37-43. 1993.Planlama --- bir amaca ulaşmak üzere bir aksiyonlar bütünü tasarlamak --- yapay zekadaki en temel problemlerden biridir. Bu yazıda, robotikte planlama konusuna mantıkçı (logicist) yaklaşım ele alınmaktadır. [Planning --- devising a plan of action to reach a given goal --- is a fundamental problem in AI. This paper reviews the logicist approach to planning in robotics.]
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154Bilgisayar profesörü felsefeyle ne yapar?Bilkent Dergisi 1 22-25. 2004.Bilkent Üniversitesi'nde bu yıl [2003] açılan Felsefe Bölümü’nün başkanlığını yürüten ve ana ilgi alanı yapay zekâ olan Prof. Dr. Varol Akman, yapay zekâyla felsefenin ilişkisini ve Felsefe Bölümü'nün özelliklerini anlattı. (An interview published in Bilkent Magazine about the then new Bilkent Philosophy Department.)
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127The logic of counteractionElektrik 1 (3): 167-181. 1993.We extend causal theories and study actions in domains involving multiple agents. Causal theories, invented by Yoav Shoham, are based on a temporal nonmonotonic logic and have computationally tractable aspects. Since Shoham's formalism does not provide an adequate mechanism for representing simultaneous actions and specifying their consequences, we introduce the notion of counteractions while preserving the efficiency and model-theoretic properties of causal theories.
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133Absolut IIn Filip Buekens (ed.), Proceedings of Information, Indexicality and Consciousness: A Conference on John Perry, Department of Philosophy, Tilburg University. 2001.Having been influenced by John Perry's 1997 article, "Indexicals and Demonstratives," in this paper I take a closer look at contexts for indexicals, more specifically the indexical "I." (N.B. The adjective in the title is not misspelt; it is used in the sense of the leading brand of premium vodka.)
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112IdentityIn A. C. Grayling, Naomi Goulder & Andrew Pyle (eds.), The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy (4 volumes), Continuum. pp. 1610-1611. 2006.In logic, the law (or principle) of identity states simply: 'A is A'. This article gives a concise account of identity.
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161Logical connectivesIn A. C. Grayling, Naomi Goulder & Andrew Pyle (eds.), The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy (4 volumes), Continuum. pp. 1939-1940. 2006.Logical connectives (otherwise known as 'logical constants' or 'logical particles') have seemed challenging to philosophers of language. This article gives a concise account of logical connectives.
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152VaguenessIn A. C. Grayling, Naomi Goulder & Andrew Pyle (eds.), The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy (4 volumes), Continuum. pp. 3260-3261. 2006.Vagueness, 'the quality or condition of being vague' (OED), has kept philosophers busy since ancient times. This article gives a concise account of vagueness.
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295Situational semanticsIn Siobhan Chapman & Christopher Routledge (eds.), Key Ideas in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language, Edinburgh University Press. pp. 209-212. 2009.An information-based approach to natural language semantics. Formulated by Jon Barwise and John Perry in their influential book Situations and Attitudes (1983), it is built upon the notion of a 'situation' --- a limited part of the real world that a cognitive agent can individuate and has access to. A situation represents a lump of information in terms of a collection of facts. It is through the actualist ontology of situations that the meaning of natural language utterances can be elucidated.
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156Situation semanticsIn Keith Brown & Keith Allan (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Semantics, Elsevier. pp. 890-893. 2009.This article first appeared in "Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2nd Edition," Keith Brown, ed., pp. 398-401, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006.
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126P. H. Winston & R. H. Brown, eds., Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective (Volume 2) (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 85 26-27. 1983.Review of "Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective, Volume 2: Understanding Vision, Manipulation, Computer Design, Symbol Manipulation," Patrick Henry Winston & Richard Henry Brown (eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2nd printing, 1980.
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109P. H. Winston & R. H. Brown, eds. Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective (Volume 1) (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 84 24-26. 1983.Review of "Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective, Volume 1: Expert Problem Solving, Natural Language Understanding, Intelligent Computer Coaches, Representation and Learning," Patrick Henry Winston & Richard Henry Brown (eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1979.
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