As to Karl Marx, theory of estranged labor emphasizes the realization of man’s species-nature through free labor, based on views of man’s species-nature. Marx makes it clear that labor is the most important form of externalization of man’s species-nature. And three qualities of labor, i.e., objectivity, subjectivity and sociality, all eventually prove that man is a species-being. Another point; Marx takes priority to species-nature, even considering individual feeling as the realization of man’s…
Read moreAs to Karl Marx, theory of estranged labor emphasizes the realization of man’s species-nature through free labor, based on views of man’s species-nature. Marx makes it clear that labor is the most important form of externalization of man’s species-nature. And three qualities of labor, i.e., objectivity, subjectivity and sociality, all eventually prove that man is a species-being. Another point; Marx takes priority to species-nature, even considering individual feeling as the realization of man’s nature. In commodity production, however, what occurs is self-estrangement of labor, and man wouldn’t be able to realize species-being into his existence. Consequently, the being of species becomes a meaning of individual being, and man’s essence sharply opposes his existence. I don’t think the above argument is reasonable, since the opposite proof was given by later Marx in Historical Materialism, especially in Theses on Feuerbach and in The German Ideology.