Cristiano Calì

Parlare di grazia secondo una certa tradizione filosofica occidentale non può non chiamare in causa quel background teologico senza il quale lo stesso termine sarebbe fuorviato. La teologia, tuttavia, ha delle radici che affondano nell’humus fertile costituito dalla Rivelazione contenuta nella Scrittura, che costituisce il cantus firmus per ogni successiva riflessione spirituale o speculazione teoretica. Solo comprendendo quali siano i connotati della grazia che la rivelazione ebraico-cristiana veicolata dalla Scrittura ci restituisce, sarà possibile cogliere l’interazione di quella medesima grazia con l’evento uomo e quindi, nella parte conclusiva di questo contributo, notare come la grazia e l’uomo dicano ad un tempo relazione biunivoca e apertura universale. --- To speak of grace according to a certain western philosophical tradition cannot fail to imply a certain theological background. Without it, in fact, the same term would be misleading. Theology, however, has roots that sink into the fertile land constituted by the Revelation contained in Scripture, which constitutes the cantus firmus for any subsequent spiritual reflection or theoretical speculation. Only by understanding what are the connotations of the grace that the Jewish-Christian revelation, conveyed by Scripture, restores to us, will it be possible to grasp the interaction of that same grace with the human event and therefore, in the final part of this contribution, to note how grace and man say at once a two-way relationship and universal openness.

The linear conception of time, firstly of a Jewish-Christian matrix and then of a positivist one, is now constitutive of the entire Western world, but the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has led humanity to reflect on a fact that seemed to have been expunged from the contemporary man’s consciousness: the unexpected. The unimaginable spread of the virus has caused mankind to waver, it has also led to an immediate social reaction and a reflection on the history of the world, which has sometimes taken on the characteristics of the circular concept of time typical of the East. Starting from this consideration, the contribution aims first of all to show how the pandemic has imposed a radical rethinking of the human story, which perpetually unfolds between the two poles of krísis and kairós. The article therefore aims to investigate the anthropological effects that the pandemic has brought into the lives and societies of the women and men of our time through a critical analysis of the editorial and scientific contributions produced during the pandemic. The aim of the work will be to bring out how scientific and humanistic culture, through the cathartic dimension that is constitutive of culture, has taken on a soteriological value and mission in our times.

The ritual dimension has always been a constitutive element, not only for religions but also for the civil societies. Even in emergency contexts, in fact, societies throughout history have been able to construct new rituals. This same task was not ignored by global society, even during the Covid-19 pandemic, during which new forms of ritual emerged. Firstly, this contribution aims to bring out the essential nature of the ritual dimension for the human beings. Secondly, through an analysis of the catholic funeral rites, this paper aims to show how ritual, with its words and its symbols, has a very high communicative value in revealing man to himself, and in the final analysis, is an element for reading our time anthropologically.

All’interno dell’essere umano si situa, forse, una delle facoltà più peculiari, sulla quale sono stati costruiti interi sistemi morali e giuridici: la libertà. La relazione si propone di cogliere il libero arbitrio come spazio liminale dal quale emerge in modo singolare l’inscindibile rapporto tra le cosiddette scienze dure e la filosofia, che sin dai suoi albori si è occupata di questo argomento. Si analizzeranno in particolare le ricadute che hanno avuto sulla riflessione del libero agire umano le scoperte della fisica classica prima e il notevole cambio di prospettiva fornito dalla meccanica quantistica dopo. Fine ultimo del contributo è quello di individuare un approccio sintetico alla questione del libero arbitrio.

This contribution aims to investigate not so much the ethical implications of utilizing intelligent machines in specific contexts, (human resources, self-driving cars, robotic hospital assistants, et cetera), but the premises of their widespread use. In particular, it aims to analyze the complex concept of decision making - the cornerstone of any ethical argument - from a dual point of view: decision making assigned to machines and decision making enacted by machines. Analyzing the role of algorithms in decision making, we suggest a redefinition of the ethical vocabulary for AI, specifically regarding the concept of agency.