J. M. Oliveira

O presente artigo analisa a herança heideggeriana do pensamento de Hans Jonas. Para tanto, utiliza-se do conceito de gnosticismo e do trabalho inicial de Jonas que tentou estabelecer um “princípio gnóstico” presente tanto nas mitologias quanto nas filosofias místicas dos primeiros séculos da era cristã. Para tanto, analisa-se a apropriação feita por Jonas do método da analítica existencial heideggeriana e, por outro lado, da crítica do conteúdo filosófico desenvolvido por Heidegger. Evidencia-se, afinal, como o “princípio responsabilidade” pode ser reconhecido como uma alternativa ao princípio da hostilidade e da indiferença, presentes na filosofia gnóstica e na filosofia heideggeriana.

Pretende-se, nesse artigo, mostrar como o conceito de transanimalidade do ser humano serve de fio condutor que fornece pistas para pensar as premissas do princípio responsabilidade formulado por Hans Jonas. Para tanto, analisar-se-á a noção de liberdade natural e seus perigos no que diz respeito ao não-ser, bem como a noção de liberdade dialética da condição humana como parte da singularidade da existência animal. Constatar-se-á que, no caso humano, a evolução da vida atingiu seu ápice, o que se verifica por sua existência transanimal revelada pelas ideias de técnica, arte e metafísica. Chega-se, assim, à noção de que é no humano como transanimal que a liberdade alcança seu auge e, consequentemente, nele se efetiva a demanda da responsabilidade.

Aos quarenta anos do lançamento de Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, de Hans Jonas, ocorrido em 2019, uma série de eventos acadêmicos comemorativos ocorreram na América Latina, Europa e Estados Unidos da América do Norte. Aqui, no Brasil, aconteceram na PUCPR, PUC-SP e UFPI, organizados pelo GT-Hans Jonas da ANPOF, Centro Hans Jonas Brasil e programas de pós-graduação em Filosofia das universidades envolvidas. Parte dos textos lidos e debatidos durantes os eventos compõem o Dossiê Hans Jonas, que a Aurora apresenta neste número.

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar quais são as bases ontológicas da ética do futuro, tendo como leitmotiv o conceito de reciprocidade ou, sendo mais preciso, justamente a sua prescindibilidade no âmbito ético, a qual repercute como necessidade ontológica de fundamentação. Partiremos de uma análise do próprio conceito de “ética do futuro” para, explicitar, na sequência, por que, com Jonas, o futuro se torna objeto ético e como ele exige a prescindibilidade da reciprocidade. A partir daí, pretendemos mostrar que a fundamentação ontológica da ética é o caminho de solução para o problema da ausência de reciprocidade e de que modo ela se constitui como crítica àquilo que Jonas chama de dois dogmas da filosofia: “nenhuma verdade metafísica” e “nenhum caminho do é para o deve” (PR, p. 95). Por isso, finalmente, tentaremos mostrar que é contra esses dogmas que se ergue a proposta jonasiana, fundamentada numa metafísica racional que nada mais é do que uma ontologia biológica.

Pretende-se, nesse artigo, analisar o conceito de além-do-homem em Nietzsche a partir da ideia de Züchtung, compreendendo-se esta como uma tarefa assumida pela própria filosofia nietzschiana e legada como missão para toda a filosofia. Nesse sentido, inicia-se com uma análise do conceito de Züchtung na obra de Nietzsche, articulando-a às condições próprias para o cultivo e a criação do Übermensch e à efetivação da sua doutrina. A partir daí, avaliar-se-á como a criação de tais condições exige a superação do desgosto para garantir a possibilidade da criação do além-do-homem.

Drawing on feminist and queer epistemologies, this article is concerned with the post-feminist media’s construction of girls’ sexual subjecthood. Broadly defined as a biopolitical ideal, post-feminism is here related to a set of principles of the neoliberal art of government. It will be argued that these principles ethically sustain the exponential mainstreaming of a post-feminist hermeneutics of adolescence and its programme of governmentality. The article also links post-feminism to a particular methodology of subjectification, ultimately locating its hermeneutics of adolescence within the pornographic and pharmacological imperatives of contemporary capitalism. On the empirical level, the analysis explores how techno-scientific discourses and bodily figurations (namely brains and hormones) enter the discursive apparatus of a Portuguese girls’ magazine, giving ideological ground to a distinctive production of adolescent body-subjects. Post-feminist media markets are finally discussed as a significant segment of the capitalist industrialisation of sexual difference that frames the general problematic of this study.

Cet article est destiné à analyser la procédure éthique proposée par Hans Jonas sous le distique de l’heuristique de la crainte. Pour ce faire, on analysera le rôle que cette notion joue en tant qu’alternative à l’utopisme de la technique. Elle ne paralyse pas l’action mais se présente comme la recherche d’une orientation morale de l’action en vue du bien. En tant qu’alternative au formalisme des éthiques traditionnelles, l’heuristique de la crainte sera abordée à partir de trois dimensions : la compétence d’imaginer, la faculté de ressentir et la capacité de diriger éthiquement l’action. Ces dimensions montrent l’importance stratégique de ce concept dans le cadre de la proposition éthique du principe responsabilité.

Proximity and interpersonal contact are prominent components of social connection. Giving affective touch to others is fundamental for human bonding. This brief report presents preliminary results from a pilot study. It explores if exposure to bonding scenes impacts the activity of specific muscles related to physical interaction. Fingers flexion is a very important component when performing most actions of affectionate contact. We explored the visuo-motor affective interplay by priming participants with bonding scenes and assessing the electromyographic activity of the fingers flexor muscle, in the absence of any overt movements. Photographs of dyads in social interaction and of the same dyads not interacting were employed. We examined the effects upon the electromyographical activity: during the passive exposure to pictures, and during picture offset and when expecting the signal to perform a fingers flexion task. Interacting dyads compared to matched non-interacting dyads increased electromyographic activity of the fingers flexor muscle in both contexts. Specific capture of visual bonding cues at the level of visual cortex had been described in the literature. Here we showed that the neural processing of visual bonding cues reaches the fingers flexor muscle. Besides, previous visualization of bonding cues enhanced background electromyographic activity during motor preparation to perform the fingers flexion task, which might reflect a sustained leakage of central motor activity downstream leading to increase in firing of the respective motor neurons. These data suggest, at the effector level, an implicit visuo-motor connection in which social interaction cues evoke intrinsic dispositions toward affectionate social behavior.

The studies presented here apply the concept of entitativity in order to understand how belonging to a particular geographical area – neighborhood - can determine the way others organize information and form impressions about area’s residents. In order to achieve this objective, three studies were carried out. The first study aims to verify if a neighborhood varies in terms of perceived entitativity, and identify the physical and social characteristics of the neighborhoods that are more strongly associated with the perception of entitativity. The Study 2 and 3 used an experimental paradigm to explore how people’s perceptions of neighborhoods’ entitativity influenced their impressions of residents. To activate stereotypes, Study 2 used the name of real neighborhoods, and Study 3 employed only a set of pictures of unknown neighborhoods. The results show that the neighborhoods vary significantly with the regard to the perception of entitativity, and a set of physical attributes of place were strongly related with entitativity. The results showed that, independent of stimuli, the neighborhoods perceived as highly entitative, the supposed residents were subject to more extreme and quicker trait judgments, supported by greater confidence on the part of perceivers. Study 3 also reported that in highly entitative neighborhoods, the perceivers transferred more traits from the group to individual members. These results provide strong evidence that physical structure of neighborhoods imply different entitatity judgments that influences the way in which residents are perceived.

This thesis will discuss the notions of the “closet” and “secret” within Oscar Wilde’s, The Picture of Dorian Gray, as well as offer a clear and precise definition of queer theory to assist in elucidating many of the concepts being discussed. Close reading techniques will be utilized to further uncover the metaphoric, symbolic, and otherwise figurative importance of certain aspects of The Picture of Dorian Gray and supporting texts. Through Judith Butler’s conceptualization of sex and gender, as well as Jacques Derrida’s interpretation of the “secret”, this paper will explicate the intricacies of Wilde’s work and unveil queered aspects in The Picture of Dorian Gray.

Learning in virtual environments is an ethical experience. This research aimed to understand the ethical experience of a virtual learning environment from the perspective of university students and their teachers. The participants were 205 higher education students from different Spanish-speaking countries (Colombia, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, and Spain) and 30 teachers who acted as tutors in virtual education. The study used a design-based research method and quantitative instruments for the collection of empirical data. The data analysis showed that students and teachers perceive responsibility, commitment, and respect as values inherent to virtual education, and may have a moderately different ethical experience based on these values. With this research, we intend to contribute to a better understanding of the coexistence of human beings in virtual learning environments. We argue that it is necessary to question or rethink the pedagogical paradigms that guide virtual education, endowing them with humanity, and recognizing their ethical dimension as funda-mental.

As autoras Alda Espírito Santo e Conceição Lima visitam um passado próximo de suas infâncias, mas também um passado mais remoto de uma época em que as narrativas negras são-tomense adquiriram corpo por meio das vozes dos avós, bisavós e tataravós. As narratologias de matriz africana recorrem há um tempo cosmogônico inserido no cenário ordenado e em equilíbrio, articulando discurso, prática e resistência na forma como elaboram seus alimentos, seus rituais diários de convivência, de organização familiar, apesar das vicissitudes da vida diária em um país movido pelas forças ancestrais na forma de estar no mundo. No entanto, o formato de contação e construção poética precisavam trazer para a cena poética os substratos históricos não condizentes com aquela contação tradicional.

This article discusses the results of an investigation on discourse representation in a corpus of 34 million words constituted by texts in Brazilian Portuguese from two different genres: the research article and the science popularization article. Drawing on a systemic functional grammar perspective of language and pursuing a probabilistic approach, it focuses on the realization of lexicogrammatical systems of direct discourse representation as enacting interpersonal and social relationships. It is argued that the citation practices employed by writers in the genres studied negotiate discursive distance and are influenced by the status culturally and historically ascribed to scientific knowledge.

In the visual representation of ontologies, in particular of part-whole relationships, it is customary to use graph theory as the representational background. We claim here that the standard graph-based approach has a number of limitations, and we propose instead a new representation of part-whole structures for ontologies, and describe the results of experiments designed to show the effectiveness of this new proposal especially as concerns reduction of visual complexity. The proposal is developed to serve visualization of ontologies conformant to the Basic Formal Ontology. But it can be used also for more general applications, particularly in the biomedical domain.