J. Jiménez

Resumen: Este artículo defiende y desarrolla tres afirmaciones básicas que estimamos son necesarias para el despliegue de la ciencia social. En primer lugar, que no existe oposición entre lo social y lo natural; y que la sociología estudia un tipo particular de socialidad que es parte integrante de un análisis más global de lo social. En segundo lugar, que una teoría universal de procesos es posible y que ella no se contrapone, sino que permite explicar, las características que se suelen aducir contra la posibilidad misma de una teoría general. En tercer lugar, que el espacio a partir del cual se despliega esa teoría, y que permite disolver algunas antinomias tradicionales del pensamiento social, es la interacción.: This paper develops three basic statements we think are needed for the growth of social science. In the first place, that there is no opposition between society and nature, and that the social sciences study a kind of sociality that is part of a more general analysis of the social world. In second place, that a universal theory of social processes is possible and it is not in opposition, but actually explains traits of social life usually thought as incompatible with the possibility of a general theory. In third place, that the space in which to build that theory, and one that allows to dissolve some traditional antinomies of social thought, is interaction.

La relación de discrepancia y coincidencia de las causas de muerte entre el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico constituye de forma indirecta un indicador de calidad de la atención médica. Son múltiples los ejemplos de enfermedades descubiertas o esclarecidas gracias a la autopsia, que tiene en la correlación clinicopatológica un basamento fundamental. Se estableció como objetivo de investigación describir los principales vínculos históricos entre las especialidades de medicina interna y anatomía patológica, que tienen como enlace esencial la correlación clínico patológica, atendiendo a que no puede existir contradicción antagónica entre enfermo y enfermedad; la medicina interna y la anatomía patológica no pueden verse aisladas ni separadas. The difference and similarity relationship of death causes between the clinical and anatomy-pathological diagnosis is, indirectly, a medical care quality indicator. Thanks to autopsy, which has the clinical-pathological correlation as a main basis, numerous diseases have been discovered or clarified. Discovering the main historical relations between Internal Medicine and Pathological Anatomy specialties was established as the objective of the research. These specialties have the clinical-pathological correlation as a main link, taking into account that there cannot be a conflicting contradiction between the sick and the disease; Internal Medicine and Pathological Anatomy cannot be seen in an isolated or separate way.

Stakeholder Theory combines the pursuance of business goals and responsibility toward a firm’s stakeholders. Despite the wealth of research on Stakeholder Orientation, we still have much to learn about specific measurements for several related constructs. In this study, we draw on two samples of 129 and 151 Spanish firms, respectively, to investigate CEOs’ perceptions on Stakeholder Integration (SI), leading to the identification of three dimensions of the construct. In this respect, our study suggests that Knowledge of Stakeholders, Interactions between a firm and its stakeholders, and the adaptation of a firm’s behavior to stakeholders’ demands constitute the main dimensions of SI. This construct has the potential to connect the stakeholder and strategy literatures.

The purpose of this study is to determine empirically the state of the art of the medical care, when healthcare personal is confronted with ethical dilemmas related with the care they give to the geriatric population. An observational, longitudinal, prospective and qualitative study was conducted by analyzing the correlation between healthcare personnel–patient relationship, and ethical judgments regarding dilemmas that arise in daily clinical practice with geriatric patients. Mexican healthcare personnel with current active practices were asked to write up an ethical dilemma that arose frequently or that had impacted their medical practice. From the narrative input, we were able to draw up a database with 421 dilemmas, and those corresponding to patients 60 years and older were selected. The axiological analysis of the narrative dilemmas of geriatric patients was made using dialectical empiricism. The axiological analysis values found most frequently were classified into three groups: the impact of healthcare, the roles of the physician, and refusal of therapy; the healthcare role of educator, caring for the patients’ life and the risk of imminent death where the values found more often. The persistence and universality of certain dilemmas in geriatrics calls for awareness and requires a good training in the ethical discernment of these dilemmas. This would help to improve substantially the care and the life quality of this population.

El artículo recorre la obra de Rodolfo Kusch posicionando sus principales propuestas en la construcción de tres enfoques convergentes en su filosofía. El primer enfoque está relacionado con la fenomenología y la cultura. El segundo enfoque se refiere a la influencia de la antropología y el cuestionamiento por el símbolo. El tercer enfoque despliega una aproximación filosófico-política. Estos enfoques permiten introducir tres “horizontes de pregunta” principalmente relacionados con el método, con lo popular y con lo indígena, que son expuestos como asuntos centrales en toda su obra. Estos “horizontes de pregunta” buscan comprender los alcances de la filosofía de Kusch y su contribución al pensamiento filosófico americano. This paper analyses the work of Rodolfo Kusch remarking his main philosophical proposals through three correlated perspectives. The first perspective refers to phenomenology and culture. The second focuses on the influence of anthropology and the problem of symbols. The third posits a political-philosophical approximation. These perspectives operate interdependently as the background for Kusch’s philosophy and allow us to introduce three “questioning horizons” related to the method, the popular and the indigenous as the central issues of his philosophical work. Thus, these “questioning horizons” build a platform to understand Kusch’s philosophy and his contribution to the Latin American philosophy.

Ethical debate exists on the effect of gender diversity of the top management teams on organizations. This study aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the effects of gender diversity of TMTs on the relationship between knowledge combination capability and organizations’ innovative performance. We use a sample of 205 small- and medium-sized enterprises belonging to the sector of Spanish technology-based firms. Our results indicate that gender diversity positively moderates the relationship between knowledge combination capability and innovation performance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed—among them, ways to contribute to more equal gender distribution and to the benefits of gender diversity in top management positions.

This text focuses on the grounding of the legal and political structure of the modern state and starts from the Hobbesian conception of power as absolute and unlimited power. For their part, Spinoza and Bentham argue, against Hobbes, for the need to set certain limits to power, although they each based it on radically different grounds. Spinoza's political ontology makes it easy to carry out to the end what was permitted by a factual conception of power, which opens up the possibility of thinking about power in a different way, namely, normatively. The difference between the utilitarian approach and that of Spinoza is his special conception of natural law, which leads him to maintain that it can only be defended where men have rights in common, that is, where there is civil order, making the preservation of our being the justification and limit of the institutionalization of the civil order. Bentham, however, remains true to his empiricist conception and a prisoner of its shortcomings, so that he cannot conceive of the limit of power except as self-limitation. The reason is that he does not have a sufficiently consistent concept of natural rights. Bentham's conception of them as “nonsense upon stilts” makes it impossible