J. Jiménez

Workplace violence against nurses and midwives intensified during the COVID‐19 pandemic, exposing and amplifying longstanding structural marginalization in health systems across Latin America. This study analyzes how different forms of violence were experienced and described by nursing professionals during this period. A secondary qualitative analysis was conducted using text‐based responses from an international online survey developed by the Global Consortium, which included 3860 nurses and midwives from 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Data were examined through Descending Hierarchical Classification using IRaMuTeQ, followed by reflective thematic analysis for interpretive integration. The analysis identified five lexical classes, reorganized into three interconnected themes: direct violence related to care delivery and system collapse; stigma, fear, and disruption of social belonging; and ethical–political suffering associated with structural blame, moral suffering, and moral injury. Despite contextual differences across countries, narratives revealed recurring patterns of emotional overload, professional delegitimization, and exposure to multiple forms of violence. These findings position violence against nursing professionals during the pandemic as a structural and multifaceted phenomenon rooted in historical inequities and institutional fragility, underscoring the need for sustained policies that strengthen workforce protection, ethical accountability, and institutional support in both routine healthcare settings and future public health emergencies.

In order to understand the rise of runaway solutions in the radiation reaction problem a mechanical model is used. An alternative demonstration of Daboul’s theorem, through Hurwitz’s criterion, is given. The origin of runaway solutions in electrodynamics is discussed. They arise when the particle has a negative mechanical mass or when approximations are used in the equation of motion. In the 1-dimensional mechanical model an exact and linear equation of motion for the particle is obtained, the corresponding exact solution is again runaway when the mechanical mass is negative. The exact solution is not runaway when the mechanical mass is positive. However, the use of approximations leads to an equation of motion which has runaway solutions. It is exhibited that the use of approximations in the 3-dimensional mechanical model is completely necessary because the general equation of motion for the particle is non-linear. The analysis of this case proceeds in a very similar way to the one carried out in electrodynamics. This means that the number of dimensions also plays an important role in the analysis

High-quality corpora of annotated privacy policies are scarce, yet essential for training, testing, and evaluating accurate machine learning and deep learning models. However, elaborating new privacy policy corpora remains an error-prone and resource-intensive task, heavily reliant on highly specialized and hard-to-find human annotators. Recent advancements in OpenAI’s Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) open the possibility of using them to annotate privacy policies with performance comparable to that of human annotators, thereby streamlining the process while reducing human resource demands. This paper presents a novel method for annotating privacy policies based on a codebook, a well-designed prompt, and analysis of logarithmic probabilities (logprobs) of GPT’s output tokens during the annotation process. We validated our method using the GPT-4o model and the well-known, open, multi-class, and multi-label OPP-115 corpus. GPT-4o achieved, without logprobs analysis, a performance comparable to eight out of the ten OPP-115 human annotators at the segment level of annotation, and to nine human annotators at the full-text level. Furthermore, incorporating logprobs analysis allowed GPT-4o to perform comparably to the ten OPP-115 human annotators at the full-text level of annotation, suggesting that context enhances the task. These findings demonstrate the potential of our proposed annotation method for creating privacy policy corpora with performance similar to that of human annotators while significantly reducing resource demands.

Resumen: Un argumento planteado por los teóricos de la acción racional es que la explicación racional es superior lógicamente a sus alternativas: la acción racional es una explicación completa y es más fácilmente comprensible. Defenderemos que esos argumentos no son válidos. O la acción racional es sólo otro modo de acción o su lógica de explicación reúne una lógica de acción (racional) con un conjunto exógeno (de preferencias), esquema similar a otros modos de acción. La presunta ventaja de ser una explicación más comprensible es una afirmación de sentido común, pero a ese nivel otras lógicas de acción son igual de comprensibles. La elección racional puede ser válida y útil, pero el argumento de su superioridad lógica es insostenible. Abstract: One argument put forward by rational action theorists is that rational explanation is logically superior to its alternatives: rational action is a complete explanation and is more easily understood. We will argue that this argument is invalid. Either rational action is just another mode of action, or its logic of explanation brings together a logic of (rational) action with an exogenous set (of preferences), a scheme like other modes of action. The alleged advantage of being a more comprehensible explanation is a commonsense claim, but at that level other logics of action are just as comprehensible. Rational choice may be valid and useful, but the argument of its logical superiority is untenable.

This work presents an alternative approach to obtain the quantum field equations in curved spacetime, considering that sufficiently small particles follow stochastic trajectories around geodesic. Our proposal is based on a stochastic differential equation in which the noise term experienced by the quantum particles is a consequence of the stochastic background in spacetime. This fact allows the particles to describe erratic movements and locally the universe exhibits characteristics akin to a lake with gentle ripples rather than a flat unyielding surface. Building upon this foundational understanding, we investigate the influence of this background on quantum-scale particles without considering the metric to be stochastic, rather we let test particles move randomly around the geodesic of macroscopic particles. Their behavior aligns with solutions to the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation specific to this curved spacetime. As the KG equation, in its non-relativistic limit within a flat spacetime, reduces to the Schrödinger equation, consequently, we propose a compelling connection: the Schrödinger equation may emerge directly from a spacetime lacking local smoothness.

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como propósito reflexionar en torno a las relaciones entre sujetos humanos y dispositivos tecnológicos desde dos instalaciones artísticas: Máquina Cóndor (2006-en curso) y Máquina de Coser (2009-en curso), del artista visual chileno Demian Schopf, a través de la perspectiva crítica de los nuevos materialismos. Por medio de un breve recorrido teórico que aborda los estudios de Walter Benjamin (1936, 1983), Jane Bennett (2010), Jusi Parikka (2012, 2021), Manuel de Landa (2021), entre otros, propongo que las obras de Schopf son constitutivas de una poética del ensamblaje, en la que los roces entre cuerpos orgánicos y dispositivos tecnológicos propicia la configuración de un complejo entramado humano-maquínico. Como metodología, examino dos procedimientos discursivos de las obras que asientan dicha configuración: la escritura y el diálogo, mecanismos poéticos posibilitados por la inteligencia artificial. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to reflect on the relationship between human subjects and technological devices through two artistic installations: Máquina Cóndor (2006-ongoing) and Máquina de Coser (2009-ongoing), by Chilean visual artist Demian Schopf, through the critical perspective of new materialisms. By means of a brief theoretical journey that addresses the studies of Walter Benjamin (1936, 1983), Jane Bennett (2010), Jusi Parikka (2012, 2021), Manuel de Landa (2021), among others, I propose that Schopf's works are constitutive of a poetics of assemblage, in which the frictions between organic bodies and technological devices propitiates the configuration of a complex human-machinic framework. As a methodology, I examine two discursive procedures of the works that establish this configuration: writing and dialogue, poetic mechanisms made possible by artificial intelligence.

RésuméIl n’existe aucune disposition législative ou constitutionnelle qui oblige les juges de la Cour suprême du Canada à maîtriser le français, pourtant l’une des deux langues officielles du pays. Ceci est d’autant plus surprenant que ces juges doivent déterminer la constitutionnalité de décisions liées à des causes parfois débattues en français auprès d’instances inférieures, ou encore être capables d’interpréter la législation bilingue du Canada. Ils doivent également être capables de lire l’abondante doctrine québécoise en matière de droit civil, majoritairement publiée en français. Pour résoudre ce problème, plusieurs projets de loi ont été déposés à la Chambre des communes depuis 2008, leur but étant de rendre obligatoire le bilinguisme des juges. Ils ont été longuement débattus à la Chambre et au Sénat, produisant un vaste corpus de discours. Parallèlement, la doctrine juridique francophone s’est emparée du débat et a avancé des arguments intéressants. Ces deux sources – les débats parlementaires et la doctrine – constituent un ensemble cohérent que nous analyserons dans cet article au moyen de trois fils conducteurs: le droit à être compris par un juge comme un droit linguistique, la considération du bilinguisme comme une compétence juridique, de même que la définition du degré de bilinguisme nécessaire pour remplir les obligations de juge à la Cour suprême.

This article examines contemporary educational practices within the rapidly evolving landscape of Artificial Intelligence. We do so by analysing the relationship between artificiality and naturalness in education. Education, often characterized as a human and thus natural-historical phenomenon, now appears increasingly shaped by artificial processes that seek to develop knowledge and skills as the building blocks for new generations’ social and professional success. Our concern lies in the convergence between recent pedagogical approaches and AI training processes, both of which emphasize data interpretation and decision-making skills. To critically examine these trends, we analyse two fictional works that offer insight into current and future educational practices: Kazuo Ishiguro’s dystopian novel Never Let Me Go and Asimov’s short story Reason. Through these fictional narratives and the insights of contemporary philosophers of education, we aim to draw critical lessons about the philosophical implications of the relationship between naturalness and artificiality in education. Specifically, we advocate for the role of the teacher and the value of educational practices often overlooked in competency-based and learning-centred models. As well as reflecting on how works of fiction can, by questioning and challenging current educational practices, improve our understanding of them.

Isidoro de Sevilla, padre y doctor de la Iglesia, es considerado uno de los más grandes enciclopedistas de la Antigüedad Tardía y la Alta Edad Media. Entre los muchos temas que trató se encuentra la música y, dentro de esta, diferentes conceptos armónicos, dedicando una especial atención al de symphonia, y, en menor medida, al de diaphonia. En este artículo se analizan por primera vez los conceptos de symphonia y diaphonia dentro del marco del pensamiento musical isidoriano, localizando y analizando todas las reflexiones sobre dichos conceptos distribuidas por toda la obra del obispo hispalense. Para ello se partirá de la tradición clásica y patrística de la que proceden, teniendo en cuenta también el resto del pensamiento isidoriano, musical y no musical.

ResumenLa exigencia metodológica de claridad se ha transformado muchas veces en una exigencia teórico-empírica sobre el objeto analizado: que la realidad que se puede analizar debe ser, a su vez, clara. Sin embargo, ello es inadecuado para analizar la vida social. Una de las características básicas de la acción es que ella no es clara, sino que opera en un mundo que es confuso. La exigencia entonces ha de transformarse de forma tal que la exigencia metodológica no se traduzca en una exigencia sobre la realidad. El artículo explora algunas posibilidades de lo que debiera buscarse: una posible modelación clara de una realidad confusa.Palabras clave: acción social; sociología analítica; teoría social; ambigüedad.

This article focusses on corporate attitudes to stakeholder environmental pressures in Argentina. It uses a cross section survey of 505 CEOs of Argentinean firms to gather information on environmental attitudes and a stakeholder theory framework to design and interpret the statistical analyses. It is underpinned by theoretical and empirical findings in the literature on stakeholder management, targeting in particular studies that deal with corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Latin America. Its general aim is to gain a deeper empirical understanding of the coherence between managers' perceptions of stakeholder pressures and the importance they are given in corporate CSR strategies through an empirical investigation of environmental management (EM) decisions. In doing so, it uncovers general differences in the way firms perceive and treat groups of stakeholders. It also detects variations across firms, observing that some are typically proactive in their response to stakeholder pressures whilst others are less responsive. Profiling the various stakeholder networks and the corporate response strategies in this way encourages the development of stakeholder-focussed policies and corporate strategies that emphasise communications, awareness and a clear sense of direction. It concludes that CSR appears to be more effective in the protection of the environment than previously reported. Although this study focusses on EM in Argentina, the findings are more generally applicable

En este artículo analizamos la cuestión de la presencia del mundo en los escritos de juventud de Simone Weil, con el objetivo de aprehender su concepción del tiempo. En ese sentido, intentaremos elucidar las relaciones ontológica y epistemológica que ella establece entre el hombre y el mundo. Esta perspectiva nos permite explorar la primera filosofía de la percepción weiliana y trazar las implicaciones existenciales que se desprenden de la experiencia del presente. Igualmente, examinamos la dificultad de pensar la inmovilidad en la realidad humana a partir de la tensión problemática que plantea S.Weil entre las nociones de continuidad y eternidad. Palabras clave: Simone Weil, presencia, mundo, continuidad, eternidad, tiempo.

Léon Degrelle, líder del partido fascista belga Rex, escribió varios libros de contenido político, ideológico y militar durante el período comprendido entre la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y su muerte, en 1994, etapa que pasó en España como refugiado político. Analizamos el uso de expresiones xenófobas y racistas, el silencio, primero, sobre el genocidio cometido por el Tercer Reich sobre los judíos, y, posteriormente, su negación, y la exaltación de la figura de Hitler. El artículo aporta una reflexión sobre si la acusación al colectivo judío de inventar el Holocausto ayuda a justificar la violencia neonazi, y sobre la negación de los crímenes nazis como forma de violencia sobre las víctimas del Tercer Reich.

An alternative approach to analyze the nonrelativistic quantum dynamics of a rigid and extended charged particle taking into account the radiation reaction is discussed with detail. Interpretation of the field operators as annihilation and creation ones, theory of perturbations and renormalization are not used. The analysis is carried out in the Heisenberg picture with the electromagnetic field expanded in a complete orthogonal basis set of functions which allows the electromagnetic field to satisfy arbitrary boundary conditions. The corresponding coefficients are the field operators which satisfy the usual commutation relations. A nonlinear equation of motion for the charged particle is obtained. A careful consideration of the quantum effects allows the derivation of a linear equation of motion which is free of both runaway solutions and preacceleration, even for a point charge. Also, the electromagnetic mass, which is defined as the coefficient of the acceleration operator, vanishes for a point particle. However, this does not mean that the results are free of ambiguities which are exhibited and discussed.

Using the Self-Determination Theory as a framework, this study tests the predictive capacity of the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support at a higher education institution, and the grit on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and life satisfaction in university students. A sample composed of 489 Colombian university students, aged between 18 and 41 years, was used; they filled in the questionnaires that measured the variables of interest. After the analysis of structural equations, the results showed that the perception of teaching style of autonomy support and the grit positively predicted the basic psychological needs and these predicted the intrinsic motivation, which in turn predicted group cohesion and satisfaction with life. The model describes the possible importance of promoting the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support within the university setting in the search for satisfaction with life along with the active role of the student through the mediation of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, increased quality motivation, and high group cohesion.

La constitución dogmática sobre la Iglesia del concilio Vaticano II profundiza en las relaciones entre la Tercera Persona de la Santísima Trinidad y la Virgen María. La santidad original de la Virgen, formada por el Espíritu Santo como nueva criatura, requerirá de ella una actitud activa y consciente, como colaboradora única en su obra. De este modo, la Madre de Dios aparece con las notas de “Casa de Dios”, “Theotokos” y “Madre de la Iglesia”. La obra de H. Mühlen se convierte en referencia canónica obligada para la recta comprensión de esa relación pneumatológica.

En el año 711 Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād y Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr emprendían la conquista de al-Andalus desde Ifrīqiya. El objeto de este artículo es indagar en los orígenes de ambos personajes a través del estudio de las diferentes noticias que se contienen en las crónicas y los diccionarios biográficos, tanto orientales como occidentales. En el caso de Mūsà, el punto de partida se encuentra en ʿAyn al-Tamr en la orilla derecha del río Éufrates, de donde era originario su padre, para concluir que provenía de un entorno social vinculado a la aristocracia local árabe, primero al servicio de la administración sasánida y luego de la omeya. En cuanto a Ṭāriq, todo apunta a que la relación de walāʾ que le vinculaba con Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr se había constituido en un momento muy anterior a la llegada de este último a Ifrīqiya. Esta constatación, junto con las noticias aportadas por varios informadores, inexplicablemente ignoradas por la historiografía, apunta a descartar el origen norteafricano y bereber de Ṭāriq para situarlo en el ámbito geográfico sasánida.