Jose Gonzalez

El artículo presenta y discute, desde un armazón filosófico materialista y pluralista, nuevos conceptos de: moral, derecho, justicia, equidad, libertades, derechos jurídicos, derechos morales, deberes jurídicos y deberes morales. Se establecen una serie de relaciones relevantes entre dichas ideas a través de nociones filosóficas informadas científicamente. Luego, se construye una propuesta de justicia normativa como equidad con prescripciones morales simétricas basadas en las definiciones de las propiedades de dependencias y libertades sociales. Finalmente, en aplicación de los conceptos desarrollados, se analizan los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos desde una visión descriptiva y prescriptiva.

This study is framed under the student approaches to learning tradition. The aim was to identify convergence in quantitative and qualitative responses of individuals when measuring their conceptions of and approaches to learning with a mixed methods design. A sample of 1110 Spanish Master’s level teacher education students completed a scale on approaches to learning, and a randomly selected subsample of 111 answered an open-ended question on how they learned. Overall, the qualitative and quantitative data did not support each other, as inventory responses showed a clear predominance of a deep, non-surface approach to learning, whereas qualitative answers reflected a tendency towards lower-order conceptions of learning. Inconsistencies in the results suggest future research ought to use a combination of techniques when exploring constructs such as learning should they wish to draw valid conclusions.

This article briefly reviews categorization models in both cognitive psychology and cognitive phonology in order to set the background for a psycholinguistically plausible account of the classification of the allophones involved in category overlaps (i.e., the overlapping areas between phoneme categories) and in the so-called positions of neutralization. In addition, the traditional proposals of both Bloomfieldian phonemics (i.e., phonetic similarity) and the Prague School (i.e., archiphonemes) are discussed and an alternative proposal is offered. The latter claims that phonological theory should be informed by psycholinguistic evidence obtained by experimental methods. This line of research will progressively make cognitive phonology a functional phonological theory consistent with the way speakers classify the sounds of their language and will contribute to theoretical progress in phonological theory.

The neural basis of developmental changes in transitive reasoning in parietal regions was examined, using voxel-based morphometry. Young adolescents and adults performed a transitive reasoning task, subsequent to undergoing anatomical magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Behaviorally, adults reasoned more accurately than did the young adolescents. Neural results showed less grey matter density in superior parietal cortex in the adults than in the young adolescents, possibly due to a developmental period of synaptic pruning; improved performance in the reasoning task was negatively correlated with grey matter density in superior parietal cortex in the adolescents, but not in the adult group; and the latter results were driven by the more difficult trials, requiring greater spatial manipulation. Taken together, the results support the idea that during development, regions in superior parietal cortex are fine-tuned, to support more robust spatial manipulation, resulting in gre...

Hasta mediado s del siglo pasado, el tema que nos ocupa, la presencia de Cristo en los sacramentos, se resumía y concentraba, po r no deci r que se agotaba, en la presencia real eucanstica. O sea el concept o 'presencia' de Cristo se reservaba en la practica únicamente para su realización máxima en la Eucaristía; era la presencia real somática la que absorbía cualquier otra forma de presencia sacramental, que en todo caso quedaba en la sombra. Subrayo lo de presencia sacramental, porque obviamente la presencia divina llenándolo todo, abarcando el cosmo s y la historia, no era desconocida Po r lo que a mi se m e alcanza, la primera vez que en un documento eclesiástico se hace explícita referencia a la presencia de Cristo en los sacramentos es precisamente en la única encíclica enteramente consagrada a la liturgia que hasta hoy conocemos : la Mediator Dei promulgada por Pío XII el 20 de noviembre de 1947. La doctrina aquí propuesta ha tenido tal aceptación o recepción que pertenece ya, podríamos decir, al tesoro de la Tradición.

In this article, the dominant legitimating discursive strategies around the ever-increasing labour demands and ever-declining standards of safety and well-being at work in Spain are analysed through the lens of Boltanski and Thévenot’s (2006) view of the transformation of capitalism. A qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews is used. Results show that the justificatory arguments most commonly put forward by managers and experts are the logic of supply and demand, and values related to flexibility, resilience and adaptability to change. In contrast, the stability and protection established in the twentieth century are widely cherished values, particularly among union representatives and some human resources specialists. We found that discourse practices map two specific legitimating categories (market values and a projects orientation), and one critical category (Civic World), but the critical category has no practical impact, as the predominant feeling is resignation. Our research describes the common attitudes to legitimacy in the job market and points to a deep discontent in some of its key agents.

The presence of Neoplatonism in contemporary french phenomenology has a pregnance that crosses its most relevant points. Jean-Luc Marion's work does not escape this. In this work we approach the marionian appropriation of Nicholas of Cusa's thought, in the light of his writing Certitudes négatives, with the intention of understanding the cusanu´s ignorant doctrine as a way of negative certainty. La presencia del neoplatonismo en la fenomenología francesa contemporánea posee una pregnancia que atraviesa sus puntos más relevantes. La obra de Jean-Luc Marion no escapa a esto. En este trabajo abordamos la apropiación marioniana del pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa, a la luz de su escrito Certitudes négatives, con la intención de comprender la doctrina ignorante del Cusano como un modo de certeza negativa.

RESUMENEl autor se ocupa del análisis crítico de un reciente estudio sobre el marco y dimensiones estéticas de la violencia, y reflexiona en proyección a diversos temas y problemas de filosofía jurídico-penal y juridico-politicaPALABRAS CLAVEESTÉTICA-VIOLENCIA-FILOSOFIA JURIDICO-PENAL-DERECHO Y LITERATURAABSTRACTThe author analyses a recent study about framework and aesthetic dimensions of violence, and thinks in focus of topics and problemas about philosophy of criminal law and political philosophy. KEYWORDSAESTHETICS-VILENCE-LEGAL AND PENAL PHILOSOHPY-LAW AND LITERATURE.

RESUMENEste artículo constituye un estudio sobre el concepto de la intuición en el pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset, referido a los tres órdenes de “cosas” en los que es requerida como forma de conocimiento: intuición sensible, intuición de valores e intuición del prójimo. Como intuición sensible se analiza la diversidad de significados presentes en su obra, así como una determinación genérica de dicho concepto, en conexión con el “yo ejecutivo”, que sirve de base para determinar los niveles en el proceso perceptivo, y los modos de relación del hombre con las “cosas”. En la intuición de valores, e intuición del prójimo, se determina que el planteamiento “superador” de Ortega es desplegado desde una inicial adscripción al pensamiento de Scheler, hasta posiciones más personales, que le llevan a proponer una problemática facultad “estimativa”, mediante la cual “asimila” la intuición de valores, o la “perspicacia”, y la “experiencia” como intuición del prójimo.PALABRAS CLAVEINTUICION – VALORES – PERCEPCION – ALTERIDADABSTRACTThe paper deals with the concept of intuition in Ortega y Gasset’s thought, where its reference to “things” reveals it as a form of cognition: sensible, intuition, value intuition and intuition of the other. In the first case, the different meanings of sensible intuition will be discussed and its very concept, as connecetd with the “yo ejecutivo”, wich is the base to determining the levels of the perception process and the ways man deals with “things”. Concerning the issues of value intuition and intuition of the other, from an initial assumption of Scheler’s thesis, Ortega moves on to advance a problematical “estimative” faculty, under wich value intuition, or “sharpeness”, and “experience” as intuition of the other are “assimilated”.KEYWORDSINTUITION – VALUES – PERCEPTION – OTHERNESS

De manera poco académica, comienzo mi última lección en este acto con que me honra la Facultad, haciéndome eco de una acusación frecuente: algunos de las nuevas promociones de presbíteros –dicen presbíteros baqueteados por la vida– tienden a una comprensión y práctica de la liturgia en clave preferentemente ceremonial, desentendiéndose de la pastoral social; de ser esto cierto, sería una vuelta atrás, tan atrás que ya fue rechazada en su día por el Papa Pío XII en la única encíclica enteramente litúrgica conocida hasta hoy, la Mediator Dei, fechada el 20 de noviembre de 1947.

Se exploran materias inscribibles en el área de "Literatura y Derecho". En concreto, el estudio de determinadas formas poéticas populares presentes en el folclore andaluz del flamenco, como son las tonás de carceleras y coplas de presos, y varios aspectos de la preocupación y el interés propios de las doctrinas reformistas y de la Escuela positivista del Derecho penal en la España del s. XIX, de suyo relacionados con la política criminal, la imagen del sistema penitenciario y la justicia penal. Conecta así temas de etnología jurídica y filosofía jurídico penal. Utiliza el material recopilado por algunos krausistas que, influidos por doctrinas evolucionistas y por el darwinismo y positivismo folklorista (krausopositivismo), el autor cataloga en particular como "krausofolcloristas", quienes asimismo se mostraron sensibles a la crisis y necesaria modernización del aparato sancionador punitivo del Estado. La investigación concluye reflexionando acerca de problemas relacionados con la identidad y etnicidad sociopolítica y cultural de los grupos excluidos y marginales

RESUMENEl autor se ocupa del análisis crítico de un reciente estudio sobre el marco y dimensiones estéticas de la violencia, y reflexiona en proyección a diversos temas y problemas de filosofía jurídico-penal y juridico-politicaPALABRAS CLAVEESTÉTICA-VIOLENCIA-FILOSOFIA JURIDICO-PENAL-DERECHO Y LITERATURAABSTRACTThe author analyses a recent study about framework and aesthetic dimensions of violence, and thinks in focus of topics and problemas about philosophy of criminal law and political philosophy. KEYWORDSAESTHETICS-VILENCE-LEGAL AND PENAL PHILOSOHPY-LAW AND LITERATURE.

Critical studies in higher education often embrace the ideas of the slowness movement to address time pressure. However, this desirable horizon presents some limitations. On the one hand, by emphasizing solutions at the individual level, boosting slowness may promote tactics incapable of producing changes to the underlying structural dynamics of time pressure. On the other hand, approaches based on slowness may also inadvertently foster a form of ethical paternalism within the context of ethical pluralism by prescribing substantive models of practice ultimately based on ‘do this quickly or do it slowly.’ This theoretical research moves away from the temporal paradigm to that of the way of relating. Building upon the ethical concept of resonance, the approach focuses on a formal critique of the current socioeconomic and ethical dynamics of social acceleration, growth, and innovation that can contribute to projecting non-alienated relationships in higher education.

Neuroscience research has shown that meditation practices have effects on brain structure and function. However, few studies have combined information on the effects on structure and function in the same sample. Long-term daily meditation practice produces repeated activity of specific brain networks over years of practice, which may induce lasting structural and functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. The aim of our study was therefore to identify differences in FC during the resting state between 23 Sahaja Yoga Meditation experts and 23 healthy participants without meditation experience. Seed-based FC analysis was performed departing from voxels that had shown structural differences between these same participants. The contrast of connectivity maps yielded that meditators showed increased FC between the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but reduced FC between the left insula and the bilateral mid-cingulate as well as between the right angular gyrus and the bilateral precuneus/cuneus cortices. It thus appears that long-term meditation practice increases direct FC between ventral and dorsal frontal regions within brain networks related to attention and cognitive control and decreases FC between regions of these networks and areas of the default mode network.

The following dilemma is discussed: On the one hand, the growing impact of Technology of communication and information (ICT) in everyday habits seems to influence the dynamics of public opinion by reinforcing irrational beliefs and creating the impression that the autonomy of people’s opinion and decisions is just a myth. On the other hand, people seem to act most of the time, under the normal circumstances of daily life, in a rational way, as if their habitual actions result from relatively autonomous decisions. A way out of this dilemma is suggested with the hypothesis that people can be rational most of the time, but nevertheless have their opinions influenced by insufficient, distorted information, or by previously acquired emotional dispositions. This hypothesis, in turn, is going to be scrutinized by considering, from a philosophical-interdisciplinary perspective, the role of rational choices in the dynamics of autonomous opinion. With illustrations of diagrams, we claim that the qualitative Complex Systems paradigm might help us to understand the possible role of emotional dispositions in the dynamics of autonomous opinion formation.

The COVID-19 disease has caused thousands of deaths worldwide and required the rapid and drastic adoption of various protective measures as main resources in the fight to reduce the spread of the disease. In the present study we aimed to identify socio cognitive factors that may influence adherence to protective measures toward COVID-19 in a Spanish sample. This longitudinal study analyzes the predictive value of perceived severity and vulnerability of infection, self-efficacy, direct exposure to the virus, and instrumental focused coping style for adhering to infection protection behaviors during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also tests sex and age differences in these factors and changes over time. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted in March and April 2020 starting the day after a strict national lockdown was decreed in Spain. A path analysis was used to test direct and indirect effects between vulnerability and the adherence to protective behaviors. Results suggest that individuals' perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 and instrumental coping strategies are related to the use of more protective behaviors. This coping strategy mediates the effect of perceived vulnerability on engaging in protective behaviors, and this effect depends on direct exposure to COVID-19 and perceived self-efficacy moderators. Results suggest that recognizing one's own abilities to engage in instrumental actions may facilitate adherence to protective measures in people who had not been directly exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, adopting instrumental coping strategies to manage an individual's perceived vulnerability to infection may positively impact the adherence to protective behaviors, especially during the onset of an unexpected threat and when there is no prior direct experience with the situation.

For several decades, tourism has mainly been identified as an activity that helps people escape their everyday routines, contributes to understanding between cultures, and promotes economic wellbeing. These assumptions have been questioned in both the public sphere and academic research, however. In this context, tourism research is increasingly drawing on ethical frameworks to support its criticism of tourism. Some of the most outstanding research on this issue is by Dean MacCannell, Emeritus Professor at the University of California at Davis and author of one of the seminal works of the social theory of tourism: The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. MacCannell examines the moral and ethical aspects of tourism in all his writing, but they are the focal point of his book The Ethics of Sightseeing, in which he identifies the tourists’ responsibility to mediate between their understanding of their own pleasure and the ethical repercussions of the late modern imperative, “Enjoy!”. During the Touriscape congress in Malaga, Spain, in February 2018, MacCannell talked about ethics and tourism with José Luis López, who prepared this interview for Recerca.