Jose Gonzalez

The journey through the history of nursing, and its philosophical and political influences of the moment, contextualizes the interest that arose about the nurse–patient relationship after World War II. The concept has always been defined as a relationship but, from a phenomenological approach based on a historical, philosophical, psychological and sociological cosmology, it is possible to re‐conceptualize it as ‘caring interaction’. Under the vision of aesthetics and sociopoetics, the object of nursing care is the most delicate, vulnerable and unrepeatable raw material: the person, whose feelings and reciprocity, which must be considered. In addition, it involves the adoption of the socio‐critical paradigm, as it considers the importance of actively involving the person, not just patient anymore, or their family in the nursing cares, optimizing the reciprocity inherent to this interactivity. In short, our philosophical and epistemological approach to the concept of nurse–patient relationship proposes a new conceptualization of it as a caring interaction.

El proceso general de aceleración social que caracteriza estructuralmente a las sociedades tardomodernas tiene un impacto considerable en la mayoría de las prácticas sociales cotidianas. Este número especial se propone examinar los efectos de la aceleración social sobre las prácticas sociales desde una doble perspectiva: descriptivo-explicativa y normativo-ética. En este artículo introductorio, los editores sientan las bases teóricas del número. Antes de presentar brevemente las contribuciones del volumen, se exponen los conceptos clave que lo estructuran —a saber, «aceleración social», «prácticas sociales», «crítica normativa» y «orientaciones éticas»— y se analizan sus interrelaciones.

Over the last decades, the ongoing global energy transition and the quest for innovative ways to promote energy efficiency; and to reduce the environmental footprints, infrastructure gaps, and costs of electricity from centralized energy systems, have resulted in an exponential rise in initiatives aimed at advancing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The rising focus on DERs across the world means that the sustainability of future electricity systems will be evaluated and governed by four key vectors of transformation (the four ‘Ds’): (a) decarbonization; (b) decentralization; (c) digitalization; and (d) democratization. However, despite the promise and potential of DERs, a wide range of environmental, social, and economic challenges arise in their implementation, which if not holistically addressed could limit the full potential of DERs to advance a secure and sustainable energy future. Those concerns have to do with sustainability and are addressed by this book. Overall, the book aims to examine the latest development of law and policy on sustainable DERs in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australasia, and North and South America; evaluate how legal and regulatory systems can better enhance sustainable DERs by addressing the wide range of environment and land tenure concerns, technology gaps, network regulation, gender justice, human rights, financing, data and consumer protection, and other broad sustainability challenges in current implementation and deployment; and provide practical recommendations on how legal, governance, and contractual frameworks, including energy entrepreneurship education, can better enhance decentralized energy communities, energy entrepreneurship, and co-operative business models, to promote a secure and sustainable energy future through DERs.

Over the last decade, net zero has become the new central and organizing paradigm of natural resources law and policy. The widespread adoption of efforts towards net zero, and the associated changes in the demand and supply patterns of natural resources, is altering the fundamental law and policy frameworks that have for several decades governed the development, commercialization, use, and management of natural resources. This chapter maps and assesses both the contours and significance of the net zero discourse, and the fundamental questions on resource sovereignty, security, and solidarity that ongoing net zero programmes and initiatives raise. The chapter also outlines the overall aim and structure of the book, providing information on the work that the twenty-two chapters of the book have done to clarify the nature, scope, and guiding principles of natural resources law and policy in a net zero era.

Developing tools to assess the risk of violent extremism in prison is a common concern for penitentiary institutions. In order for first-line practitioners in the penitentiary context to become familiar with and better understand these tools, improve their evaluations, and even adapt or develop new instruments, the aim of this manuscript is to compare the tools and to delve into the strengths and weaknesses of two instruments with different characteristics but similar objectives: the VERA-2R and the DRAVY-3. A systematic comparison of their development, characteristics, structure, indicators, and validity is presented. The analyses show that these tools differ from their theoretical conception and their more specific objectives. However, they also show similarities at the indicator level with several dimensions overlapping. Regarding their validity, both have limitations that should be addressed in future studies. Finally, a review of the main differences and limitations is presented, providing avenues to improve these tools.

Dualism has shaped current healthcare based on the dichotomies of body‐mind, science‐spirituality and life‐death, consolidating a biomedical paradigm that treats the patient as an object, marginalising the spiritual dimension. This article explores Baruch Spinoza's philosophy as an alternative to the ethics of nursing care, integrating the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions within the same ontological continuum. Through a philosophical‐conceptual approach inspired by hermeneutic interpretation, key concepts from the work Ethics are presented, inviting the reader to reflect on them in the nursing context of spiritual care at the end of life. In Spinoza, life and death are expressions of the same necessary order of Nature, and freedom arises from understanding that necessity. From this perspective, caring for the dying becomes an affective, collective and rational act, based on knowledge of the natural order. Spinozian philosophy allows us to conceive of care as an ontological‐existential mode that is relational, structural, and immanent. Nurses participate in the process of human interdependence and expand the power to act. Understanding the rational transformation of emotions provides tools for accompanying suffering. A Spinozian ethic of care restores a holistic and affirmative view of life to nursing, unifying spirituality and reason.

L'« organisme » est l'objet de la recherche biologique qui, depuis le XVIIe siècle, a surtout cherché à résoudre l'essence de la vie en termes d'interactions purement mécaniques. Il existe cependant des perspectives qui permettent d'appréhender ce concept d'un point de vue ontologique, en approfondissant sa nature téléologique, tout en considérant un horizon interne de subjectivité. Dans l'ouvrage Le principe de vie, Hans Jonas s'aventure dans cette idée et propose que l'organique dans sa totalité conserve et révèle des principes avec lesquels il se différencie du reste du monde non vivant, une existence particulière caractérisée par un équilibre fragile entre « être » et « non-être », c'est-à-dire entre la conservation et la mort. Notre objectif est d'analyser le concept de téléologie proposé par Jonas, puis d'exposer les différentes problématiques et comparaisons métaphysiques et évolutives de la théorie de la sélection naturelle de Darwin.

El catedrático de árabe de la Universidad granadina, Francisco Javier Simonet, modifica su percepción del papel del Islam en la cultura española, otorgándole una importancia absoluta a los mozárabes, a raíz de su ida a aquella ciudad andaluza, y tener que medir sus argumentos con el mito de fundación de la misma, que otorga a los Varones Apostólicos la precedencia fundacional, presidida por el martirio, frente a cualquier veleidad islamista. Simonet roza siempre el problema del Sacromonte, sin abordarlo directamente, procurando llevar a cabo un juego de elisión y mención que ponga a salvo su cristianismo providencialista, para el que reclama la verdad histórica y documental y dé salida a la maurofobia que lo posee. El Sacromonte se convierte en un hueco del sentido, siempre omnipresente, en Simonet, y al cual contribuye a sostener como mito.

Net Zero and Natural Resources Law offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the nature, scope, and guiding principles of natural resources law and policy in a net zero era. In response to the climate emergency, several countries, corporations, and other actors worldwide have announced programmes aimed at bringing down global emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change to net zero by the year 2060 or earlier. While the need for a clean energy transition is clear, incoherently designed transition programmes could produce complex environmental, social, and governance risks, including legal liability and protracted disputes. At the same time, the growing rush for minerals needed to manufacture clean energy technologies raises fundamental questions. Most crucial is how to ensure the exploration and development of energy transition minerals in a manner that does not exacerbate resource conflicts, resource nationalism, human rights violations, protectionism, energy insecurity, social exclusions, and inequity, especially in conflict-affected and high-risk regions. With case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Australasia, this book offers a multijurisdictional exposition of how legal and regulatory systems are responding and can better respond to the wide range of sovereignty, security, and solidarity risks in the clean energy transition. Consideration is given to a nexus and integrated resource governance roadmap—focusing on net zero-aligned natural resource contracts, legislation, mineral strategies, human rights due diligence tools, dispute resolution and cooperative mechanisms—needed to improve coherence and coordination in the design, financing, and implementation of energy transition programmes across the entire natural resource value chain.

For the sake of universalism and against totalitarianism, discursive ethics has shown with Jürgen Habermas a practical deficit by denying moral philosophy the possibility of reflecting on the alienating conditions for dialogue through a specific ethos. This article examines how Hartmut Rosa's theory of resonance can revitalise the debate on the conditions that can undermine the motivation for dialogue in accelerated societies, based not on the concept of ethos, but on the concept of Modus der Weltbeziehung [Mode of world-relationship]. En aras del universalismo y en contra del totalitarismo, la ética discursiva ha mostrado con Jürgen Habermas un déficit práctico al negar a la filosofía moral la posibilidad de reflexionar sobre las condiciones alienantes del diálogo desde un ethos concreto. El presente artículo analiza el modo en que la teoría de la resonancia formulada por Hartmut Rosa permite revitalizar el debate sobre las condiciones que pueden minar la motivación al diálogo en las sociedades aceleradas sin apoyarse en el concepto de ethos, sino en el de Modus der Weltbeziehung [modo de relacionarse con el mundo].

To meet modern society's demands, highly qualified professionals are driving the reformulation of the teaching-learning model in universities. The framework of the Tec21, the Educative Model of the Tecnologico de Monterrey, provides the focus over the training programs on the relationship between the student and the environment for the development of personal and professional competencies through the resolution of challenges linked to real-world scenarios. In this work, we present information about a challenging experiential activity for students with an undergraduate professional curriculum. The core elements were a soap company, a higher education institution (Tecnologico de Monterrey), and the federal government (Mexico); it was consistent with specific problems to be solved in the soap company in Mexico by inserting students in it. Based on the framework of the experiential study of the company, constitution and characterization of the processes, in individual surveys, students recognized a better learning in a real context, and they recognized that the importance of the challenging activity through ten indicators and that this exercise contributed to the development of transversal competencies: co-responsibility, social responsibility, and sustainability. These results reinforce the importance of the development of transversal competencies in the training of professionals.

Open peer commentary on the article “Exploring the Depth of Dream Experience: The Enactive Framework and Methods for Neurophenomenological Research” by Elizaveta Solomonova & Xin Wei Sha. Upshot: Enaction and neurophenomenology are indeed appropriate and productive theoretical and methodological tools for studying perception. But moving from the perceptual domain to the hallucinatory and dreaming domain with these tools requires a prior careful examination of the similarities and differences across these domains. The authors point in the right direction for studying dream experience, but underestimate the objective and subjective differences between domains, producing thereby both an unwarranted blurring of their boundaries and an unnecessary explanatory burden on the approach defended.