Jose Gonzalez

La Eurocámara se ha interesado recientemente en auspiciar una regula ción jurídica para los blogs. En julio de 2008 la Comisión europea elaboró un informe tendiente a regular las bitácoras virtuales de sus ciudadanos, a fin de aclarar la responsabilidad de los autores en el contenido que publican o las fuentes que utilizan, para lo cual proponía aplicarles las mismas normas exigidas a las demás formas de expresión pública. El informe fue rechazado en este punto por el Parlamento Europeo en septiembre, si bien señalando la necesidad de abrir un debate público sobre su estatuto legal a fin de determinar y definir cuál fuera su naturaleza jurídica. En esa dirección se orienta el presente artículo, examinando la regulación sobre libertad de expresión en Internet en EEUU, en la Comunidad Europea, y la normativa española aplicable, así como el tratamiento jurisdiccional dado por los Tribunales españoles en procedimientos de depuración de responsabilidades penales y civiles, y también a través de procedimientos administrativos sancionadores. El autor se muestra contrario a la interpretación de las weblogs como medios de comunicación, analogía que rechaza junto a sus efectos jurídicos.The Eurocámara has been interested recently in supporting a legal regulation for blogs. In 2008 July the European Commission elaborated a report destined to regulating the virtual ship’s logs of its citizen internauts, in order to clarify the responsibility of the authors in the content whom they publish or the sources that use, for which proposed to apply the same demanded norms to the other forms of public expression. The report was rejected in this point by the European Parliament in September, although indicating the necessity to open a public debate on its legal statute in order to determine and to define which outside its legal nature. In that direction the present article is oriented, examining the regulation on freedom of speech in Internet in the U.S.A., the European Community, and the applicable Spanish norm, as well the jurisdictional treatment given by the Spanish Courts in procedures of cleansing of criminal and civil responsibilities, and also through sanctioning administrative procedures. The author is in opposition to the interpretation of weblogs like mass media, analogy that she rejects next to his legal effects.

El artículo elabora una guía de campo diseñada como herramienta de fácil uso para investigadores interesados en el estudio interdisciplinario de los contenidos de Derecho Constitucional norteamericano y los temas de la teoría literaria, proporcionando así un nivel general para la identificación de los principales argumentos disponibles. Y por eso también una herramienta de aprendizaje.The paper develops a field guide designed as user-friendly tool for researchers interested in a interdisciplinary management of contents on North-american literary theory, providing a general level to identify the main arguments available. It is also why a tool for learning.

This paper argues that the psychology of mimesis presupposed by Poetics 4 is immediately relevant to Aristotle’s psychology of tragic mimesis. µανθάνειν καὶ συλλογίζεσθαι at 1448b16 involve a cognitive mode characteristic of Aristotelian induction that joins particulars with universals through spontaneous, non-discursive noetic predication. Aristotle’s view of the cognition of tragic mimesis can be subsumed under the practice of theōria: the inductive re‑cognition of ethical universals is a ‘theoric’ exercise of philosophical reflection on the particulars of the tragic action, an associative intellection that actualizes the subject’s knowledge by joining ethical universals with the particular mimetic praxeis they regard.

The rapid increase of industry-sponsored clinical research towards developing countries has led to potentially complex ethical issues to assess. There is scarce evidence about the perception of these participants about the ethical compliance, security, and protection. We sought to evaluate and contrast the awareness and perception of participants and non-participants of industry-sponsored research trials on ethical, safety, and protection topics. A Cases-control survey conducted at twelve research sites in México. Previous and current participants of ISRT as well as non-participants with one of four chronic diseases, were asked to complete the survey which focused on ethical compliance and protection issues of ISRT, and the perception of participating in a trial. A total of 604 cases and 604 controls were surveyed. Cases significantly answered that ethics committees are aware of what is happening in studies, and that medical care of industry-sponsored research trials is better than their usual medical care. The same proportion of cases and controls thought patients must receive economical reimbursement for participating in a research study. The informed consent of the pharmaceutical clinical trial was fully read by 90.4% of the cases. Most cases were satisfied or very satisfied with their overall study participation. Previous and current participants of industry-sponsored research trials have a more positive attitude towards ethics committees, the quality of medical care of the research trials, and the main purpose of economical reimbursements, when compared to non-participants.

Los límites entre las humanidades y las ciencias se han desplazado y traspasado en innumerables ocasiones en las últimas décadas. El uso de la ciencia en los estudios humanísticos y de la metáfora cultural en los científicos está abundantemente documentado. Fértiles en especial han sido, por ejemplo, las teorías de la termodinámica (entropía), de la topología, de las catástrofes y de los fractales. El físico y matemático Alan Sokal, sin embargo, denunció la instrumentalización abusiva de la ciencia por ciertos teóricos de la literatura, filósofos y psicoanalistas, entre otros. El escándalo provocado por Sokal en 1996 oculta, no obstante, empleos legítimos de las ciencias por las humanidades, como el que Gaston Bachelard ilustró, tras despejar los obstáculos epistemológicos previos, con su creación de una poética de la materia.

Hartmut Rosa, director del Max Weber Center de la Universidad de Erfurt y profesor de sociología en la Universidad de Jena, sostiene en Alienación y Aceleración la inclusión de la aceleración social como elemento necesario para la comprensión de la modernidad más allá de los procesos de racionalización o individualización desde los que se ha interpretado. La cuestión de la aceleración moderna, tratada con diferentes acentos por autores como Ortega, Bauman, Virilio, Simmel o Koselleck, entre otros, es, sin embargo, desarrollada por Rosa con la intención de insertarla en la Teoría Crítica y mostrar las dimensiones a las que afecta.

The neural basis of developmental changes in transitive reasoning in parietal regions was examined, using voxel-based morphometry. Young adolescents and adults performed a transitive reasoning task, subsequent to undergoing anatomical magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Behaviorally, adults reasoned more accurately than did the young adolescents. Neural results showed less grey matter density in superior parietal cortex in the adults than in the young adolescents, possibly due to a developmental period of synaptic pruning; improved performance in the reasoning task was negatively correlated with grey matter density in superior parietal cortex in the adolescents, but not in the adult group; and the latter results were driven by the more difficult trials, requiring greater spatial manipulation. Taken together, the results support the idea that during development, regions in superior parietal cortex are fine-tuned, to support more robust spatial manipulation, resulting in gre...

Among the elements which have gradually been complicating the countless representations of the Virgin Mary throughout history, this paper seeks to highlight and interpret conceptually one of special doctrinal significance in some Marian images during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries: the temple, in whose interior some artists place some actual or symbolic episodes of Mary, from her birth or her Annunciation to the Sacra Conversazione, to give a few examples. Even though at first sight it looks as a mere scenographic or ornamental ingredient, without iconographic value, this precise shape of temple reveals in fact some profound Mariological and Christological meanings. In that order of ideas, this essay is based on a double methodological strategy: first and foremost, to analyze some Marian images which include in the aforementioned period the shape of a temple, in order to see what kind of role such a religious building plays in them; secondly, to discover the relevant keys for interpreting such images, by analyzing some specific texts of the Church Fathers and medieval theologians who identify with Mary the figure of the «temple of God». For this reason, after a brief introduction to the problem, the present study is structured into three main parts inextricably intertwined: in the first we comparatively analyze twelve Marian paintings of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in which the Virgin appears inside a temple; in the second we explain the many exegesis that, in a consistent and strong patristic and theological tradition, identify the analogy of the templum Dei directly with the Virgin Mary, or indirectly with the Christ’s human body conceived in her womb; on the basis of this double analysis of images and exegetical writings, the third part of the paper states as a synthetic conclusion that the artistic representation of a temple or a church building in some Marian images of this period offers a compelling plastic metaphor of Mary and, ultimately, of her virginal divine motherhood.

This study is framed under the student approaches to learning tradition. The aim was to identify convergence in quantitative and qualitative responses of individuals when measuring their conceptions of and approaches to learning with a mixed methods design. A sample of 1110 Spanish Master’s level teacher education students completed a scale on approaches to learning, and a randomly selected subsample of 111 answered an open-ended question on how they learned. Overall, the qualitative and quantitative data did not support each other, as inventory responses showed a clear predominance of a deep, non-surface approach to learning, whereas qualitative answers reflected a tendency towards lower-order conceptions of learning. Inconsistencies in the results suggest future research ought to use a combination of techniques when exploring constructs such as learning should they wish to draw valid conclusions.

Background: Several authors have focused on the aesthetics of nursing care from diverse perspectives; however, there are few studies about the sublime and the beautiful in nursing. Aim: To identify beautiful and sublime moments in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care. Methods: A theoretical reflection has been contemplated about sublime and beautiful values in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care from the cultural history perspective. For that purpose, a revision of this issue has been completed. The terms ‘beautiful’ and ‘sublime’ have been analysed to identify the characteristics of both in the context of nursing care. Ethical consideration: We have followed all ethical requirements regarding the sources, conducting research and authorship. There is no conflict of interest in this paper. Results: With aesthetic knowledge, the nurse expresses the artistic nature of nursing care by appreciating the act of caring for individuals. The sublime is a complex phenomenon, since apparently contrary feelings are interwoven. Nursing care is an art with an anthropological object-subject on which the ‘artist’ applies their prior knowledge and skills. Feelings and emotions that develop during the clinical nursing practice – especially at times sublime and beautiful, aesthetic – constitute experiences which are professionally significant.

Este artículo pretende mostrar elcontraste entre las filosofías de Husserl y de Merleau-Ponty a la vista de laexperiencia de la mano tocante-tocada descrita en Ideas II. Frente al privilegio concedido al tacto en la constitucióndel cuerpo propio, la valoración del movimiento permitirá a Merleau-Pontypensar una reversibilidad entre el tocar y el ver (entre lo tangible y lovisible) decisiva para elaborar la noción de Carne. En la medida en que lafenomenología alcanza su límite en la experiencia del tocar, esta será crucialpara establecer las diferencias entre ambos filósofos respecto de aquellascuestiones decisivas en el pensamiento fenomenológico: mundo, percepción ycarne.

This article briefly reviews categorization models in both cognitive psychology and cognitive phonology in order to set the background for a psycholinguistically plausible account of the classification of the allophones involved in category overlaps (i.e., the overlapping areas between phoneme categories) and in the so-called positions of neutralization. In addition, the traditional proposals of both Bloomfieldian phonemics (i.e., phonetic similarity) and the Prague School (i.e., archiphonemes) are discussed and an alternative proposal is offered. The latter claims that phonological theory should be informed by psycholinguistic evidence obtained by experimental methods. This line of research will progressively make cognitive phonology a functional phonological theory consistent with the way speakers classify the sounds of their language and will contribute to theoretical progress in phonological theory.

El título de este artículo se refiere a los dos libros que he trabajado en la Universidad de Cambridge, bajo la dirección de Peter Burke. El primero, La diosa Fortuna, se publicó en 2006 y obtuvo el Premio Nacional de Ensayo en 2007. En la actualidad estoy escribiendo el segundo libro que llevará por título Identidades barrocas. Este nuevo concepto es un “tipo ideal” y se contrapone a las dos formas de construcción de identidades colectivas analizadas por la filosofía política contemporánea: el cosmopolitismo de cuño kantiano y el romanticismo político. El núcleo del artículo se dedica al análisis de dos de las metáforas fundamentales en que se expresa la identidad barroca en la literatura y en las artes: el yo como laberinto y la identidad como sueño.

En el verano de 1871 el Gobierno de Amadeo I de Saboya envió a los mares del Mediterráneo oriental a la fragata de guerra Arapiles, a bordo de la cual embarcó una comisión científica que tenía la misión de obtener piezas procedentes de la zona para el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, El presente trabajo analiza la estancia de los expedicionarios en Tierra Santa y, a través de la obra del presidente de dicha Comisión, D, Juan de Dios de la Rada y Delgado, profundiza en su mentalidad y en las impresiones que causaba el Oriente en los viajeros occidentales de entonces.…

El entorno digital constituye el nuevo escenario en que se ha de desarrollar la investigación, la lectura y la escritura en el futuro. Su naturaleza, profundamente distinta de la que es propia del entorno que se creó con la imprenta, modificará con toda seguridad las formas de trabajo de los autores y estudiosos, las prácticas intelectuales y la manera en la que se argumentan las distintas exposiciones. La escritura y la lectura son actividades humanas que, debido a su ejercicio ya inmemorial, nos han hecho olvidar su condición de invento, de tecnologías, simples pero nada naturales ni espontáneas, como lo prueba el hecho del mucho tiempo que hay que dedicarles en la educación. El entorno digital nos dota, a la vez, de un nuevo escritorio y de un nuevo mercado: aunque aún es pronto para verlo, se están creando nuevas formas de autoría, de escritura y de erudición digital.